What are the indicators to measure crime?

What are the indicators to measure crime?

Three evaluation indexes: crime cost, public security and criminal law evaluation of crime.

relevant information

In order to accurately evaluate the overall situation and severity of criminal phenomena in a country, it is necessary to scientifically measure not only the total amount and structure of criminal phenomena in that country, but also the degree or total harm of criminal phenomena in that country. The measurement of the total amount of criminal phenomena and the measurement of the structure of criminal phenomena are relatively mature in methods and index systems. The former takes the absolute number, relative number and criminal black number of criminal phenomena as evaluation indicators, while the latter takes the total amount of various crimes and their comparison (absolute number and relative number) as evaluation indicators.

It is much more complicated to measure the harm degree of criminal phenomenon. What method is used to measure it and how to establish its specific measurement index is still a subject to be further discussed.

The harm degree of criminal phenomenon refers to the total harm of the whole criminal phenomenon, not to the harm of a single criminal act. Of course, to measure the total harm of criminal phenomena, we must first have an accurate scale of the harm of individual criminal acts. The degree of harm or total harm of criminal phenomena is directly related to the total number of criminal cases, but it is not directly equivalent. The relationship between the harm degree of criminal phenomenon and the number of criminal cases should be a functional relationship, not a simple cumulative or "total" relationship.

The cost of crime is the unnecessary damage or pay brought by criminal behavior to individuals and society. The cost of crime can be classified according to different standards. Direct cost and indirect cost. Direct costs include two situations: one is that criminals illegally obtain money or goods from involuntary victims, such as corruption, theft and fraud. The losses suffered by the victims are directly converted into criminal gains.

On the other hand, criminals only get a certain degree of spiritual satisfaction from their own criminal behavior, and the loss of victims has not been transformed into the real gains of criminals. Indirect costs include the expenses paid by law enforcement agencies such as police, courts, prosecutors and prisons to deal with crimes, the expenses paid by individuals to buy anti-theft facilities, alarm devices and join insurance for self-defense, and the mental damage suffered by individuals and society due to criminal acts. Material cost and non-material cost.

Material cost refers to the damage that can be calculated by money figures, while intangible cost refers to the psychological, moral and political damage that cannot be calculated by money figures. Economic cost, material cost and social cost. Economic cost refers to the damage of direct material interests, physical cost refers to the damage of human body and life, and social cost refers to the damage of social ethics and politics.