European literature, history and religion

I just typed an article on Faust and Christianity, and I haven't had time to proofread it. There may be a typo (pinyin). Please forgive me.

Faust's poetic drama is the lost work of the German writer Goethe (1749- 1832). He conceived this poetic tragedy for 60 years, and finally completed this immortal work written in poetic verse with a length of 65438+20000 lines.

Therefore, Faust is regarded as the masterpiece of Goethe's life.

This world-renowned masterpiece has been translated into many languages, among which Korean translation can be represented by Guo Moruo, Zhou Xuepu and Dong Wenqiao.

Faust is a mysterious figure in German folklore in16th century.

According to the religious reformer Martin.

With the technology of Luther and Melanie Heaton, Faust does exist in history. He was born in Knutlingen, wittenberg in 1480, and committed suicide in Bresgo around 1540.

Legend has it that he is a doctor in Heidelberg, and he is familiar with astronomy and geography. He once studied magic in Krakow. During his wandering career, he claimed to be a Yongke aristocrat, summoner, astrologer, prophet, blessed magician, alchemist, palm reader, weather soothsayer, fire soothsayer and healing wizard, and boasted that he could restore the words written by Plato and Aristotle, reproduce the miracle of Jesus Christ and satisfy any wishes of people.

It is also said that Faust made a contract with the devil to sell his body and soul to him, and the devil promised to serve him for 24 years and satisfy all his wishes.

In this way, he and the devil have been in heaven and earth, chatting and enjoying the fun of life.

Since then, in Europe, there have been various legends about Faust in Gus, the most popular of which is Frankfurt 1587 written by John.

The Life of Dr. Faust published by Shpis, The Tragedy of Dr. Faust written by British playwright Marlowe 1588, etc.

People use this legend to express their understanding of religion, their exploration of the mysteries of the universe and their thirst for knowledge.

Goethe wrote his masterpiece under the name of Faust, which is a popular theme.

Goethe described the development of Faust in his Faust tragedy, and showed that Faust only experienced tragedy and love tragedy with many pictures.

There are five stages of political tragedy, aesthetic tragedy and career tragedy, which particularly highlights Faust's ideological theme of contracting with the devil with his own blood and selling his soul to the devil in exchange for his rights, knowledge and enjoyment in the world, thus embodying the author's religious attitude of opposing tradition and advocating knowledge and innovation.

However, in the form, layout and conception of Faust, Goethe was inspired by Christianity to varying degrees.

First of all, Goethe imitated the form of Job in the Old Testament when he wrote the Overture of the Sky, which represented the whole program of Faust.

The whole play begins with the arrival of the three archangels, from the sun to the earth, from the storm and lightning to all sentient beings, and leads to the dialogue between God and the devil with the singing of angels.

In the play, he used God to represent the image of "goodness" and the devil Michael festo to represent the image of "evil".

Secondly, in shaping Faust's artistic image, everyone was also inspired by Christianity.

For example, with Faust's hand, he translated the first sentence of the Gospel of John in the New Testament, changing "at the beginning" which reflects the rational spirit of Greece into "at the beginning" which expresses the bold innovation and enterprising spirit of the new bourgeoisie, in order to praise the positive and enterprising attitude towards life advocated by the "sturm und drang" movement in Europe.

In addition, at the end of Faust, Goethe expressed his poetic realm with the help of pictures and images in the Christian Bible, which set off and rendered the scene that Faust's soul was saved and ascended to heaven.

Here, Goethe inserted many characters, stories and scenes in the Bible.

In Goethe's conversation, Goethe's own confession about how to achieve such a great success was described: "The saved soul is a tycoon, and this ending is difficult to handle."

This kind of thing is beyond people's imagination. I don't have any thoughts in my head.

Unless I use some clear pictures and biblical images to make my poems get proper and solid concrete forms, I will inevitably fall into chaos first. "

I have answered another question that is helpful to the relationship between European and American literature and Christianity. Because the answer on this page is too long, I won't post it. Please click to have a look. I hope it will help you://zhidao.baidu/question/53452107.

Note: The above Christianity is a broad sense of Christianity, including Orthodox Christianity, Catholicism and Protestantism.

This article covers many subjects such as history, religion and literature. If there are mistakes and fallacies due to the author's shallow personal knowledge, please forgive me.

Glory to the Trinity God.