Qiang festival

Qiang people celebrate the calendar year of Qiang people (the first day of the tenth lunar month), when all kinds of crops were harvested. In order to celebrate the harvest of the year, the Qiang people celebrate this day as a festive harvest festival.

The Spring Festival is also the biggest festival of the Qiang people, which means the end of the old year and the beginning of the new year. The Spring Festival lasts from New Year's Eve to the 15th day of the first month.

Every family has the custom of posting couplets on New Year's Eve. There are also differences in pasting couplets: in those years, when someone died at home, they pasted couplets and wrote them on green or yellow paper to express their condolences and nostalgia for the deceased; If there is no such situation at home, write couplets on red paper to indicate good luck in the new year.

On New Year's Eve, it is customary for Qiang people to have a family reunion night. People who work or do business in other places should go home to reunite with their families and have a happy and auspicious New Year's Eve to welcome the New Year.

The first day of the first month is the first day of the new year. People must get up early to fetch water from the well, which means that there will be no shortage of water in the coming year. If you want to go outside to collect some firewood and read the meaning of making money at home, it means that you have money to come home every day in the new year. In addition, this day can't swear, can't quarrel. If you commit a crime, it means that there will be disaster at home in the new year. I can't see the tools of labor yet. Seeing them means that the new year will be very hard, so I hide them out of sight every New Year's Eve.

There is a custom of not eating porridge on the morning of the first day of the first month, which means that the harvest is not good this year.

On the second day of the first month, the Qiang people have the custom of paying New Year greetings. Some younger generations pay New Year greetings to their elders, indicating that the older generation is healthy and all the best in the new year. It is a custom for a married daughter to go back to her mother's house to pay a New Year call and express her daughter's blessing to her parents, wishing them all the best in the new year. According to the custom, a man who is unmarried but has a girlfriend will pay a New Year call to her and wish her parents and girlfriend a happy New Year. It is a custom for apprentices to pay New Year greetings to their masters and students to pay New Year greetings to their teachers, to express their gratitude to the masters or teachers for imparting skills or knowledge, and to wish them good luck in the new year.

On the third day of the first month, there is a custom of setting up a new grave for the deceased and burning paper money to pay homage to the deceased. There is a custom of not calling at home on this day, which means that this day is the Day of the Dead and you can't call at home.

On the fourth day of the first month, it is an auspicious day for the beginning of the new year, so there is a custom of going out to do business on this day. This year, everyone who repairs a new house has the habit of laying the foundation on this day.

The fifth day of the first month is a good day for hunters. So on this day, men (regardless of age) will make an animal-shaped bun with gray flour, and then each family will bring some wine and meat to the designated place in the stockade and bring shotguns. Put the animal-like bun together and aim with a shotgun. If it hits, it means that hunting has gained something this year. Then everyone gets together to worship, drink and sing.

On the ninth day of the first month, the whole village and even the whole village have the custom of bringing toast, knives and incense wax to the temple to worship God.

On the sixth day of the first month, the whole village will bring toast, knives and incense wax to the towers of the villages on the top of the mountain to show people's worship of nature.

New Year's Day is the last day of the Spring Festival, so it is customary for families to get together for dinner to mark the end of the Spring Festival and the beginning of spring ploughing in the new year.

There is a custom of not going up the mountain on the vernal equinox, which means that this day is the day when all kinds of animals in the mountains mate, and it is not good to see it.

There is a custom of not going into the ground on this day.

Tomb-Sweeping Day has the custom of sweeping graves, erecting monuments and burning paper to worship ancestors.

Dragon Boat Festival is a festival to worship dragons. It is a custom to wash your face and body with dew in the morning, which means that everything has medicine to cure all diseases. When you get sick in the future, you should pull out all kinds of grass to go home for daily use. Legend has it that all kinds of grass on this day have good effects. There is a custom of drinking realgar wine, which means that after drinking this wine, snakes will not dare to entangle your feet in the future. There is a custom of inserting ai on the door frame, which shows the memory of Qu Yuan.

The Mid-Autumn Festival on the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month, commonly known as Ghost Festival, has the custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors and ghosts.

August 15 is the Mid-Autumn Festival. After offering moon cakes, walnuts, apples and other foods to the moon god in the tower on the roof, it is a custom for the whole family to get together for a reunion dinner.

The second day of the second lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival. It is said that this day is the day when dragons look up, and all snakes have to come out of their holes to end their hibernation, so it is customary to shave their heads on this day.

On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, it is said that all insects don't eat, so there is a habit of drying clothes that are easily eaten by insects, such as sweaters and leather clothes, to avoid being eaten by insects.

On the fifth day of May, Qiang Daughter's Day. On this day, women in the whole village will put on new clothes, go to the tower at the top of Xihu Village to worship God, sing and dance around the tower, and then sing folk songs in various villages to praise the fine traditional virtues of Qiang women.

Qing dynasty ... >>

What are the traditional festivals of Qiang nationality? The traditional festival of the Qiang nationality is the calendar year of the Qiang nationality, which is called "Japan, America and Kyrgyzstan" in Qiang language. According to different places, there are many names, such as "Qiang calendar New Year", "New Year's Eve", "Harvest Festival" and "Restoration Festival". The names are different, but the contents are exactly the same. They all celebrate harvest and gratitude, and the palace has a strong religious color. It is held on the first day of the tenth lunar month every year and lasts for three to three days.

There is also a mountain festival, which is a unique traditional festival of the Qiang people. The time is on the first day of the fourth lunar month every year. This is an activity to pray for a good harvest. On this day, Chinese fir branches are planted on the roof of every household, paper-cut flowers are hung on indoor shrines, and pine and cypress branches are lit to worship Mubita. During the sacrifice, the sheep were slaughtered as sacrifices, and the wizard knocked on the sheepskin drum and sang the epic of his nation. On that day, men, women and children in the village will drink, sing wine songs, dance in pots and pans and pray for a bumper harvest.

Qiang folk custom: Dragon and lion dances in the Spring Festival.

Dragon and lion dances in the Spring Festival have a long history in Huizhou. Since ancient times, from the first day of the first month to the first half of the month (that is, the fifteenth day of the first month), dragons and lions have been all over the streets, and they are very lively every day, which is very local in Huizhou.

The traditional dragon and lion dances are spontaneously composed of folk, mostly Yilong, Wu Ban and village lions.

Folk dragon dancing has a typical Cantonese style. Dragon dance is made by myself. The main skeleton of the faucet is made of bamboo, the outside is painted on paper, and the colored cloth is the dragon body. The whole dragon is 13 feet long, about 42 meters. When dancing the dragon, the front is led by Sun and Moon cards, plaques, palace lanterns, costume teams (disguised as folk story figures of past dynasties), octopus, phoenix, lion and miscellaneous water (disguised as fish, shrimp, crab, clam, etc.). ), and finally alive. Drums all the way, drums all the way, a large number of people, vast, across the street, the whole city sensation. At the dragon sutra, from time to time, there are old people leading and sun drilling around the dragon's belly, which means "dragon drilling", which means folk customs such as "dragon drilling", "hunting dragons" and "sending dragon stickers" when dancing dragons, which is quite local.

Folk lion dance and dragon dance have the same characteristics. After tying the lion, he also went to Yuanming Temple to "open his eyes" and carry out "grabbing the green" activities. On the morning of the first day of the Spring Festival, the lions of all stripes were led by touts carrying boxes. Lions, gongs, drums and cymbals are performed in turn by martial arts teams armed with various cold weapons. Everywhere they went, shops and residents greeted each other with firecrackers and sealed red envelopes, which lasted until the fifteenth day of the first month.

Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival is called "May Festival". Dragon boat race is called "Dragon Boat Festival" by Huizhou folks. The traditional dragon boat race is held every year from the first day to the sixth day of the fifth lunar month. After thousands of years, it flourished for a while.

Every year, the "May Festival" of the lunar calendar is dominated by rivers, and the "dragon boat water" doubles the interest of dragon fleets in various streets (villages). In the past May Festival, the dragon fleet that completed the pre-competition ceremony held dragon boat races in batches along the river on the Dongjiang River. The dragon boat race first goes downstream, then goes upstream, and finally sprints to decide whether to win or lose. Most of the prizes are gardeners (hanging the whole cloth with bamboo ropes and covering it with paper towels), and the winners are mostly local Yin merchants. The winner put "Huajiang" on the bow and went up the river as a glory.

The Mid Autumn Festival moon

August 15th of the lunar calendar is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China.

Mid-Autumn Festival is a large-scale celebration festival next to Spring Festival.

In order to have a good Mid-Autumn Festival, people begin to prepare for the festival one month after the sheep festival, and buy moon cakes (a white cake made of white glutinous rice flour and white sugar), wind millet, water chestnuts, edible olives, red persimmons, taro, grapefruit, peanuts and other foods. Of course, moon cakes and lanterns are essential for every family.

During the Mid-Autumn Festival, people who are far away from their hometown go back to their hometown to have a reunion dinner and tell their families what they did this year and their next goal, while those who have been in charge for many years say more good things (words of encouragement). When the moonlight rises, the family will open moon cakes and light lanterns together to start the annual moon viewing activities.

With the development of the times, the folk activities of enjoying the moon are moving from the palace to the public places. At present, there are two places to enjoy the moon: Pinghu and Tangquan.

Climbing mountains and flying kites on Double Ninth Festival

The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the Double Ninth Festival every year. There is a custom of climbing mountains and flying kites on the folk Double Ninth Festival.

According to folklore, climbing on the Double Ninth Festival can bring good luck to climbers, and climbing for three consecutive years can be transshipped. In the sense of physical exercise, climbing on the Double Ninth Festival does have its unique benefits. The Double Ninth Festival is in early autumn, and the air is crisp in autumn. At this time, the physical and mental benefits are not comparable. It can not only exercise and enhance physical fitness, but also look up at the top of the mountain and see the beautiful scenery, which is refreshing.

At present, the most spectacular places in the annual Double Ninth Festival are Mount Luofu, Mount Jiulong and Mount Xiangtou, Gao Bang and Fengshan in the urban area, especially Mount Luofu in Boluo. Every year, on the eve of the Double Ninth Festival (the eighth day of the ninth lunar month), more than100000 climbers from various counties in this city and Dongguan, Zengcheng, Guangzhou and Shenzhen successively climbed the top of Luofu Mountain and flew to the top. People who waited for the sunrise all night sat around the top of the mountain and blessed each other. At sunrise, fireworks resounded through the sky and blended with the rising sun, which was quite spectacular. According to the statistics of relevant departments, in recent years, the number of people climbing Luofu Mountain has been above100000 every year, and at most it has exceeded 300000, making climbing the Double Ninth Festival of Luofu Mountain a major event of Lingnan Double Ninth Festival.

It is a unique custom to put paper owls on the Double Ninth Festival. Folk singing: September 9 is Chongyang; Put paper harrier, line length. According to our traditional custom, flying kites is usually in the Qing Dynasty. Due to the climate ... >>

The Qiang people's living customs search Baidu Encyclopedia Diaolou is a building used by the Qiang people to defend against the enemy and store grain, grass and firewood, which is generally built next to the village houses. The height of the watchtower is between 10 and 30 meters, and it has four corners, six corners and eight corners, and some of them are as high as thirteen or four floors. The watchtower is made of stone chips and yellow mud. The foundation depth of the wall is1.35m, and it is made of stone chips. The inside of the stone wall is vertical to the ground, and the outside is slightly inclined from bottom to top. During the construction, there is no need for drawing, stringing and column support, and it is all based on superb technology and experience. This building is strong and durable. Yongpingbao, the ruins of an ancient castle in the Ming Dynasty, 1988 was found in Yong 'an Village, Qiang Township, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province. It has been well preserved for hundreds of years. Qiang people's houses are flat-topped houses made of stone chips, which are square, mostly with three floors, each of which is more than 3 meters high. The bottom of the roof platform is a wooden board or slate, which extends out of the wall to form an eaves. Wood or slate is densely covered with branches or bamboo branches, and then covered with loess and chicken manure for compaction. It's about 0. 35m thick, with holes and slots for water diversion, so it is warm in winter and cool in summer. The roof platform is the place where children and the elderly thresh, bask in the grain, do needlework and play games. Some buildings have arcades to facilitate communication. In addition, the mountains in the Qiang area are high and dangerous. In order to facilitate transportation, Qiang people created ropes more than 400 years ago. There are cave doors on both sides of the river, in which stone pillars or large wooden columns are erected, and bamboo ropes with arm thickness are hung on the columns, ranging from several to 10. Wooden boards are laid on bamboo ropes, and bamboo rope handrails higher than "surface" 1 m are set on both sides. [3]

Edit this Qiang song and dance

Qiang people can sing and dance well, and the folk saying is "no songs and no dances". "Wenchuan County Records" said that Qiang people "have funeral songs and dance with each other to show their sorrow and joy, and the ancient style is still there." Qiang music is primitive and simple, belonging to our national mode, with five tones and six tones as the main ones.

[4] Five-tone songs include five modes, with the five tones of Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu as the tone tonic. In addition, there are some special pentatonic scales, such as feather sign, palace change, Shang and Jiao Qing, as well as palace, Shang, Jiao Qing and Zheng, but they are rarely used. Six scales are widely used in Qiang folk songs. In a six-tone scale song composed of two pentatonic scales, Zheng, Yu, Gong, Shang, Yu, Gong, Shang and Qing, the horn sound and the clear horn sound do not appear in a phrase or a paragraph at the same time, and only four tones, Gong, Shang, Yu and Gong, are the main tones (the initial sound and the final sound). There are few complete seven-tone scales used in folk songs, usually seven tones that are alternated and transposed by five-tone scales or six-tone scales, so songs that use seven tones still have five-tone colors. The basic feature of Qiang dance is that it retains the rough and simple style of original music and dance, and most of them

It was carried out in folk religious sacrificial activities. Dancers not only please their ancestors' gods through dancing, but also entertain themselves, accompanied by percussion instruments such as sheepskin drums and hand bells, which deepen people's worship of gods and their mystery. The performance of dance movements is not directly related to the content of lyrics, and most dances use songs to promote the cycle of dance steps; In the same phrase, the male leads the female, the movements are completely repeated, and the ups and downs of the rhythm are skillfully matched with the ups and downs of the dance. Qiang dance has various forms and rich contents, and there are certain procedures according to the requirements of function and etiquette. According to its form and function, Qiang dance can be divided into self-entertainment, sacrifice, etiquette and * * *. Salang means "singing and swinging". This kind of dance is the most popular and popular in Qiang area, and it is a very old self-entertainment dance. Salang has cheerful and smooth tunes, clear rhythm and rich lyrics. The dance can be performed indoors and outdoors, with men and women in front, and the number is not limited. Around the fire pond or yard, it is not sealed and sings and dances counterclockwise. At the beginning, men and women take turns to sing the dance music once, and then dance together, from slow to fast. When the dance is intense, the hero speeds up the dance steps, takes the lead to exchange various dance steps, or alternately kicks or rotates left and right, men and women compete, and the atmosphere is getting warmer. Dancing until * * *, the man shouted "scare feed" and the woman replied "yo feed!" This is the end of a song, and then put on new dance music and rhythm. "Xi coarse cloth" means "banquet and dance" in southern dialect. It is a sacrificial dance performed by the people after a banquet during funeral sacrifice, and there is no fixed performance procedure. In addition, there are "Wache Horse" and "Jiangde" which reflect the festive atmosphere after the harvest, and "Shikui Yukui" which praises decorations. The music rhythm of Xi Coarse Cloth is very slow ... >>

Local festivals in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture Local festivals International Panda Festival Yak Culture Festival Tibetan Bala Festival Zhachong Festival Ya Dun Festival Xianglong Festival Mountain Festival Sydney Festival Huanglong Temple Fair Morang Festival Flower Festival

What are the customs of Qiang people? Qiang is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China. Originally a shepherd nationality in Hehuang area, it migrated to the east and south. It is one of the main ethnic sources of the Chinese nation, and it is also the main ethnic source of ancient Shu, Tibetans and Yi people today. Most of them are integrated into the Han nationality and other ethnic minorities. Only Minshan area in Sichuan Province is still the only Qiang nationality inhabited area in China, including Maoxian County, Wenchuan County, Lixian County, Heishui County, Songpan County and Beichuan County in Mianyang City. Among them, the Qiang nationality in Maoxian county is the most concentrated, accounting for 60% of the total population of the Qiang nationality.

Qiang people have unique material and cultural achievements and national customs, which have lasted for thousands of years without interruption. Known as the "living fossil" in the evolutionary history of all ethnic groups in China. Among them, the most distinctive ones are towers, plank roads and zip lines that still exist today. The watchtower is called "Qionglong" in Qiang language, "everyone lives on the mountain, and the stone is the room, which is more than ten feet high". There are famous group sculptures in Heihu Township, Maoxian County, and Tao Ping Diaolou built in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. The unique color of plank road in Qiang area is steep. The remains of the plank road around Maoxian Jiaochang are said to be the legacy of Can Cong, the ancestor of Shu people. Liusuo, called "narrow" in ancient times, is a kind of bamboo rope used to cross the river. Maoxian, the central area of the Qiang nationality, has a "rope state" in ancient times, and its name comes from the rope bridge of the ancient Qiang nationality. Among the existing historical sites, the most famous stone drum "Yuanyang Willow" in Maoxian County spans more than 65,438+000 meters above the surging river.

Qiang area is rich in historical and cultural resources, including Neolithic cultural relics, Can Cong and Dayu. "Yuxing was born in Xiqiang", and there are memorial sites for Dayu's birth in Xi 'erping in Wenchuan, Shigu Township in Maoxian (formerly known as Shiniu Township) and Shiniu Township in Beichuan. The name "Fengyi Town" in Maoxian County is also an old saying praising Dayu's "Fengyilai". In Weicheng Town, Maoxian County, there is a relic of the Acropolis built by Jiang Wei, a general of Shu Han. Diexi, once an important town in ancient Can Cong, has become an earthquake lake with beautiful scenery today because of the earthquake.

The folk customs of the Qiang nationality are also very distinctive. The custom of worshipping Baishi has been preserved to this day, and every Qiang village worships Baishi. Qiang flute has existed since ancient times, and all kinds of songs and dances are cheerful and affectionate, and Qiang costumes are unique in charm. Its famous national festivals include the calendar year of the Qiang nationality, the Mountain Festival and the Ox King Festival, and its entertainment activities include dancing salons, climbing poles, photographing animals' buns and putting ropes on them. Others, such as embroidery, clouds, babies and drinking, can make people appreciate the unique customs of Qiang culture. Qiang area is rich in pepper powder, and "Maojiao" is still an important condiment for cooking Sichuan cuisine.

San er ma Qiang culture

(1) Traditional festivals:

The first lunar month 1 is the Qiang calendar year. In this grand festival, Qiang people will get together in their own costumes, jump into the pot fields, and have some sacrificial activities.

The 2009 Qiang "Russian Gala" with the theme of "Thanksgiving", "Blessing" and "Harmony" was held in Qugu, Maoxian County on June+10/October 30, 5438. In Heba Village, Qugu Township, Mao County, Aba Prefecture, the Qiang flute is melodious, firecrackers are ringing, suona is ringing, and gongs and drums are loud.

"Russia" means the fifth day of the first lunar month, which is a hunting festival in Qiang villages, also known as Men's Day. The reporter learned that Qugu Township is the inheritance place of the standard pronunciation of Qiang language (Qiang Mandarin) and the national intangible cultural heritage "Waer Russian Foot", and it is an administrative township with well-preserved Qiang culture such as Qiang language, clothing, diet, village layout, residential buildings, customs, etiquette festivals, folk arts and crafts. In this remote ravine, there is a song-leading festival ("Waal Russian Foot", also known as Women's Day) and a hunting festival (also known as Men's Day) which have been circulating for thousands of years. The two complement each other, combining rigidity with softness, and form the same theme: to be grateful for all the benefits brought by life, to persuade people to respect nature, and to pursue the truth and beauty of harmony between man and nature, so that the Honghu Pagoda has gone through thousands of years. People here.

Because it is forbidden to kill wild animals now, the clever Qiang people always use flour to burn animal-shaped buns to commemorate a god among the Qiang people. He is actually a person because the Qiang people worship and respect him too much.

At the hunting festival, the venerable old man went home with a torch.

On the morning of the fifth day of the first month, they went to a sacred tree on the mountain to get the flame. They made a fire with a big white stone.

Among them, the great white stone is a sacred object of the Qiang people and is placed on the house.

There are stone pagodas in Fangqiang Village ... >>

What are the customs of Qiang people? Qiang people have their own language, belonging to the Qiang branch of Tibetan-Burmese language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. The Qiang people who speak this language call themselves Rimai (pronounced Mei in Sichuan dialect), Mai, Er Miao, Ermayina and Ma, all of which are homonyms in different regions, and the population using Qiang language is about 6.5438+0.2 million. Qiang language is distributed in Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lixian, Songpan and Heishui in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, and a few are distributed in Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County of Mianyang City and the northwest of Danba County of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

After investigation and study, it is confirmed that Qiang dialect can be divided into two major dialects: North and South. The main difference between the two dialects is that most of the southern dialects have tones, which can distinguish meaning and form, while the northern dialects have no tones, but are rich in polyphony. The basic vocabulary of the two dialects is the same. Although there are some differences in pronunciation between these words, there are strict phonetic corresponding rules. The grammatical forms of northern dialects are more complicated, and more morphological means are used to express grammatical rules than southern dialects. There is little difference between northern dialects and southern dialects. The northern dialect area is close to Tibetan areas, and there are more Tibetan loanwords and words reflecting pastoral life, while the southern dialect area is close to Han areas, and there are more Chinese loanwords and words reflecting agricultural life, and the same word order as Chinese can appear in spoken language. There are nine dialects in northern China, such as Zhenping dialect, Qugu dialect, Huilong dialect, Hei Hu dialect, Weimen dialect, Gu Wei dialect, Cimulin dialect, Mawo dialect and Lu Hua dialect. There are six dialects in southern China, including Yanmen dialect, Longxi dialect, Mianchi dialect, Puxi dialect, Kamm dialect and Taoping dialect.

Northern dialects are mainly distributed in Chibi Soviet Area in the north of Maoxian County, Jiaochang District and Shaba District in the middle, Heihu Township and Yonghe Township, most parts of Heishui County, Zhenjiang District and Rehu District of Songpan County, and parts of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County. In the 1980s, there were about 90,000 people who spoke northern dialects. It is characterized by vibrato, rich consonants, long vowels, rolled and unvoiced tongue sounds, rich consonant endings, and more vowels with consonant endings, with stress and no tone. Light and heavy sounds have different functions in word formation and configuration, and there are many phonetic changes in word formation or configuration, such as weakening, transposition and alternation of consonants, harmony of vowels and so on. Pronouns in northern dialect have no grammatical category of "case", demonstrative pronouns can only be used as sentence components alone, and verbs have grammatical categories of person, number, time, state, aspect and form.

Southern dialects are mainly distributed in Tonghua District, Xuecheng District, Weizhou District and Mianchi District of Lixian County. In the 1980s, there were about 33,000 people who spoke southern dialects. Southern dialects are characterized by no vibrato [r], most of which are pronounced as [dz] or [l], with few consonants. The compound consonants in northern dialects are mostly monosyllabic in southern dialects, with tones, which can distinguish meaning and form without stress. The vocabulary of southern dialects is very different, and compared with northern dialects, cognates account for a small proportion.

At present, Qiang and Chinese are widely used in southern dialect areas. Along the highway, except for the elderly and adults, there are fewer and fewer Dan who can speak Qiang among teenagers. Qiang language is also widely used in northern dialect areas and remote mountainous areas. The Qiang people have a long history of brewing wine, one of the reasons is that a branch of the ancient Qiang people first engaged in agriculture. The second reason is that "Yu was born in Xiqiang", and Yidi, the saint of China brewing, is the minister of Yu, and Du Kang is the descendant of Yu. There are a large number of Qiang men, so although they like to drink heavily, they rarely get drunk and make trouble. The unique way to drink is to drink. Wine is made of highland barley, barley and corn, sealed in an altar, unsealed when drinking, filled with boiling water, inserted into bamboo tubes, and everyone takes turns sucking, so it is called "drinking". Add water while drinking until the taste fades. When drinking, the oldest person present first says four or eight auspicious words that rhyme together as a "toast", and then smacks them in turn according to their age. When people of the same age drink together, they can each put a long bamboo tube in the altar and drink at the same time. There is a poem to prove it: "An altar gathers thousands of beads, and the princes will bow. Hold your hands to Tianzhu and suck back the Yellow River. "

Qiang people also have "chong yang wine" and "Yumai Steamed Wine". Children and women often drink sweet wine with honey.

The living customs of the Qiang nationality have a population of about 200,000 in Sichuan. Call themselves Mal and Ermai. It is mainly distributed in Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lixian, Heishui, Songpan and Beichuan counties under the jurisdiction of Mianyang City, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in the upper reaches of Minjiang River in northwest Sichuan. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the ancient Qiang people migrated from northwest to southwest. One of them moved to the upper reaches of Minjiang River. Since then, many Qiang tribes have moved south and evolved into today's Qiang people after long-term integration. Qin dynasty was located in the side road, Han dynasty was located in Wenshan county. After that, every dynasty had states and counties. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the Qiang people practiced the chieftain system, and in the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to a floating official. Qiang area has long been in feudal society. 1935, the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants passed through the Qiang area and established the Soviet regime. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), 1 autonomous prefecture and 2 1 Qiang township were jointly established with Tibetans. Qiang language belongs to the Qiang branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Common Chinese characters. Monogamy is practiced. Believing in the primitive religion of animism and ancestor worship, the gods all take the white stone as a symbol. There are brewed wines on holidays. Qiang people in rural areas take pleasure in linen or cotton gowns, sheepskin coats and jackets, and their houses are built by mountains and rocks. The tower is more than ten feet high, and it was called "Qionglong" in ancient times. He is good at digging wells and building bridges. Women are good at picking flowers and embroidery. Cremation, burial and water burial. Mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. There are many fairy tales among the people, such as "Creating the Earth", "Fighting against Colombia", "Fighting against Anju" and "Fighting against the Beasts". Popular pot dance, that is, "dancing Salang". The Qiang flute used is famous in ancient and modern times.

prescribe a diet

Pig fat is a traditional food of Qiang nationality. Popular in Maoxian, Wenchuan, Beichuan and other places. Strangle the pig, cut the meat into pieces, marinate it for three to seven days, and hang it on the beam to dry. Gold-coated silver is also a traditional food of Qiang people.

believe

Baishi worships the beliefs and customs of Qiang people. Popular in Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lixian, Beichuan and other places. Qiang people believe in many gods, but there are no bronze statues. All these are symbolized by white stones, which are enshrined on the tower on the roof, on the shrine in the house, beside the fire pond, on the hill outside the village and in the sacred forest. The white stone on the roof represents Vulcan, the white stone beside the fire pond represents Vulcan, the white stone on the mountain represents God, and the white stone in the field represents young crops and the God of the land. Some people have many white stones on their roofs, which not only represent gods, but also represent other gods. Qiang people often pray for their birthdays, burn incense and worship the white stone.

The belief of Qiang people and the custom of searching for mountains and rain. In case of drought, people will hold a ceremony to find mountains and pray for rain. At that time, people are prohibited from hunting, chopping wood and digging medicine in the mountains, and offenders will be condemned or beaten up. If it still doesn't rain, go to the top of the mountain to hold a rain prayer ceremony.

Beliefs and customs of the Qiang people in Linshen. There is a sacred forest behind the mountain in every village of Qiang nationality, which is regarded as the land of mountain gods. It is forbidden to cut down the sacred forest, nor to graze and mow grass in it. Chemical sacrifices are held regularly in the village.

Belief and custom of jumping armour of Qiang nationality. Also known as the big burial dance. Attend the funeral of a meritorious soldier. Participants are usually a few to a dozen people, wearing leather armor and holding weapons. They danced in a circle first, and then formed two rows of confrontation. Weapons flying around, brass cymbals jingling, and loud roar show the heroic spirit of the deceased when fighting.

The beliefs and customs of the ostentatious Qiang people. The eye is scratched by plant branches and leaves or caused by other reasons, such as discomfort, tears and white obstacles in the eyeball, commonly known as "silk", which can be solved by Duan Hong.

Oil and fire are fighting each other. Qiang leaders believe in customs. When strange shadows or strange things often appear at home, Duan Gong must be invited to hold this ceremony to exorcise evil spirits. At that time, Duangong would boil the clear oil and put it in a bowl with a spoon in it. At the same time, light a torch and hold a bowl of cold water for standby. Spoon a spoonful of hot oil on the torch and then pour cold water on it. The torch exploded violently, crackled and then poured cold water on it. The torch exploded violently and crackled. Duangong walked through the rooms with a flashlight and finally came to the door. In this way, the evil spirits were driven out of the house.

The belief and custom of stepping on the head of Qiang nationality. When suffering from abdominal pain, abdominal distension and other diseases, you must ask Duangong to hold this ceremony to treat the disease. Under normal circumstances, Duangong put a flower cake head in the fire pond to burn red, and then took it out to quench a bowl of water for the patient to drink. When the condition is serious, the patient should lie flat on the bed or beside the fire pit. Duan Hong will take out the red-hot head, dance barefoot on it, then step on the patient's abdomen and gently rub it three times from bottom to top.

Beliefs and customs of the Qiang people with sheep's moustache. Duangong presided over the ceremony to predict luck, etiology, the fortune of pedestrians, the good or bad luck of the year, the victory or defeat of the war, etc. The sheep tarsal bones used must be taken from sacrificed sheep, usually after the sheep is slaughtered and before cooking.

on one's pins

Carved houses are traditional Qiang folk houses. Also known as the carved building. ......& gt& gt