Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded the history of which period?

Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded the life of Shang Dynasty.

I. Introduction to Oracle Bone Inscriptions

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is an ancient script in China, also known as Wen Qi, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Yin Ruins or tortoise shell and animal bones. It mainly refers to the characters carved on tortoise shells or animal bones by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty in China, and it is the earliest known systematic Shang writing carrier in China and East Asia. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is one of the characteristics of Taoism in China.

2017165438+1On October 24th, Oracle Bone Inscriptions successfully passed the evaluation of the International Advisory Committee of UNESCO Memory of the World Project and was selected into the Memory of the World Register.

Second, the role of Oracle Bone Inscriptions

Cang Xie, the historian of the emperor at that time, looked up at the sky and looked down at everything, and recorded according to the specific image of the observed things. Later it was mainly used for divination, that is, to record the complement of divination.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the earliest written language in China, is more common in Xiaotun, Yinxu, Henan. It can also be said that it is the earliest preserved text in the world, and the Egyptian holy book Maya, which was contemporary with Oracle Bone Inscriptions, is no longer used.

Third, the excavation of Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Tortoise shell characters in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty was mainly unearthed in Yin Ruins (now Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province), which is a relic of the late Shang Dynasty. Most of them are divination records, called Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and there are few non-divination notes.

Because it was unearthed in Yin Ruins, it is also called Yin Ruins Characters, Yin Ruins Books and Deeds, Yin Ruins Oracle Bone Inscriptions, etc. It was discovered in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898) and identified by scholars the following year. Up to now, about100000 pieces have been unearthed. In twenty-nine years, Liu E edited and published the first book "Tieyun Hidden Turtle", and the following year, Sun Yirang wrote the first textual research work "Wen Qi Case". Since then, the research has expanded day by day, forming a discipline, namely Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Fourth, the source of Chinese characters.

With their own observation and imagination, businessmen create ideographic characters from what they see, feel and do in life, and engrave them on the bones of tortoise shells and beasts. This is the origin of modern Chinese characters.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions laid the basic framework for the square and development of Chinese characters. From Oracle Bone Inscriptions to Jinwen, fonts are more and more uniform, lines are more and more neat, and font spacing is more and more equal.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Introduction of Yin Shang Dynasty

Shang Dynasty (about 1600 BC-about 1046 BC) is the second dynasty in China history, also known as Yin Shang, and the first dynasty in China with direct written records at the same time. The Shang Dynasty experienced three main stages.

The first stage is the pre-negotiation stage; The second stage is "early business"; The third stage was the "Late Shang Dynasty", which lasted for more than 500 years from 17 to 3 1 Wang.

There are many Fang countries far behind the Shang Dynasty scattered inside and outside the sphere of influence of Shang Dynasty. Among them, the tongue, ghost, soil and Qiang in the northwest and north are the most powerful. During the Shang Dynasty, there were also developed non-Central Plains civilizations in the Yangtze River basin.

Sixth, the artistic culture of Shang Dynasty.

Pottery in Shang Dynasty has various colors, some are made of wheels, some are made of clay strips, and there are often embossed patterns on pottery. The earliest known porcelain glaze appeared in Shang Dynasty. During this period, real and mythical animals were carved with marble and limestone.

As can be seen from the cities of Shang Dynasty, the basic forms of architecture in China existed at that time, and the famous settlements including Shangqiu, Erlitou, Zhengzhou Mall and Yinxu were all capitals in different periods. The rulers in the late Shang Dynasty were keen on building luxurious palaces.

Seven, the Chinese character culture of Shang Dynasty

The characters in the Yin and Shang Dynasties have been widely used and developed more maturely. The structure of Chinese characters has basically taken shape in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Through the study of Oracle bone inscriptions, later generations have a more detailed and reliable understanding of the Shang Dynasty.

In Shang Dynasty, there were many word-formation methods in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, such as pictographic characters, knowing characters, pictophonetic characters, metonymic characters, and signifier characters. And it is already a mature writing.

Among the unearthed Oracle Bone Inscriptions, 4,672 words have been found, and scholars have known 1072 words. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's writing materials are hard, so the font is square. At the same time, bronze inscriptions, because they are cast, have a round font.