Pen, ink, paper and inkstone are unique tools in China. Please give a brief introduction?

Huimo

Huimo is produced in Tunxi, Shexian and Jixi in Huizhou. It has a history of thousands of years. Huimo is made of pine as the basic raw material and infiltrated with more than 20 other raw materials. The finished product has the characteristics of deep color, solid luster, no smudge when entering the paper, no fading for a long time, rich fragrance, corrosion resistance and moth resistance, and is suitable for painting and calligraphy. High-grade Huizhou ink includes ultra-top lacquer smoke, tung oil smoke and ultra-pine smoke.

The production of Huimo began in the Southern Tang Dynasty. The founder is Chao Heting. From the middle of the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty, a large number of population and economic centers moved south due to the chaos in the buffer regions. The Xi family moved south from Yishui (now yi county) in Hebei Province and settled in Cangzhou, attracted by the wonders of Huangshan Baiyue, Lianxi and Xin 'an. Xi's father and son are ink makers. At this time, Gu Song in southern Anhui was used as raw material, and the tamping and gluing processes were improved. Finally, a good ink "rich in muscle and greasy, shiny as paint" was created, which lasted for a long time and was full of fragrance. Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, loved calligraphy and painting, and made Xi Ting an ink official, giving him a "national surname" as a reward. As a result, the family changed to the Li family. Li Ting became a master of Mohism in ancient and modern times. During Song Xuanhe's reign, there was a situation that "gold is easy to get, but Li Mo is hard to find".

In the Song Dynasty, with the prosperity of the Confucian system, the grand occasion of "Hui people's learning" and "Xin 'an people set an example to create ink" was formed. Changyu in yi county, Shen Gui in Huangshan, Pangu in Zhou She, Woods in Xin 'an, etc. They are all famous figures in the ink industry of 10, 1 1 century. Zhang Yu is the founder of youyan ink, famous for making "imperial ink", and his "dragon fragrance" is a treasure sought after by collectors in past dynasties; When burning loose coal with grease and lacquer, the smoke is extremely black, which is called lacquer smoke. People call its ink "ten years as stone, a little as paint"; The beauty of Wu Ci's ink painting lies in "I don't leave an inkstone", and he was once awarded 20,000 yuan by Song Xiaozong. Pangu, the master of ink making in past dynasties, was praised by the world as "Mo Xian". His ink products such as "Matsumaru" and "Sister-in-law" have the advantages of "fragrant bones, fragrant without losing" and are called "magic products in ink". In his later years, Su Dongpo wrote poems to mourn after he fell into the water and drowned.

Sheyan

One of the four famous inkstones in China. Because this stone was taken from Wei Long in ancient Zhou She (now Shexian), it is called "She Yan". She inkstone has a history of 1200 years. She inkstone is tough, with the characteristics of fast inking, no damage to the nib, non-drying ink and easy cleaning, among which the word "firm and moist" embodies the characteristics of She inkstone. There are many kinds of inkstones, among which ribs and eyebrows are the top grades.

She inkstone began in the Tang Kaiyuan period. According to the Five Dynasties' Emotions, the "Longlin Yueyan inkstone" given by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty to Prime Minister Zhang and Zhang in the second year of Tang Kaiyuan was a precious Venus inkstone, which was produced in Zhangzhou. It can be seen that she Yan has been circulating for at least 1200 years.

Because Bao Qingying's inkstone is delicate in texture, firm as jade, and silent in grinding ink, it won the favor of Li Jing in the southern Tang Dynasty, so he set up an inkstone service in Zhangzhou and hired a skilled craftsman as an inkstone service officer. Specializing in management concepts. Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, said that honesty, honesty, honesty and jujube were the best in the world, making her famous all over the world. At the end of the Five Dynasties, there was war in the south of the Yangtze River, the inkstone pit was flooded, and the inkstone industry was declining. It was not until the Song Dynasty that Qian Zhi, a captain, went to Shexian County to work, sent someone to find the submerged inkstone pit and took measures to dredge the stream. Shi Naian didn't come back, and inkstone industry rose again. Later, during the Jiayou period, migrant workers were recruited to dig. As a result, the production of she inkstone once again showed a prosperous scene, with continuous fine products, and a number of ink stone carving masters represented by Zhou Quan emerged. During this period, some monographs on ink reception, such as "Ji Pu", "Ji" and "Ji", also came out one after another. Today, in the Anhui Provincial Museum, there are still a number of Song Dynasty inkstones unearthed after liberation. The stones are firm and fine, the carvings are simple and elegant, and there are no complicated ornamentation, which is refreshing and pleasing to the eye.

It belongs to Sinian system after its geological age, and it is a kind of argillaceous clay rock one billion years ago. The geological age of Duanshi in Guangdong is Devonian, which is a kind of argillaceous limestone 400 million years ago. The average hardness of stone is about four degrees, which is 0.5 degrees higher than that of end stone. Because it moistens Shi Jian, it has the advantage of "Su Mo for many years, a drop of jade-like stone embellish", which is beyond Duan's reach. There are many poems praising She Yan in history. For example, Su Wu, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang, the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty, all spoke highly of She Yan. Su Shi said in a poem: "Luo Jiao is flat, and the rhinoceros wall of rice pills covers the clouds. People sleep in the afternoon window and listen to the sound of the west wind. " Look at the poet's infatuation with She Yan. Cai Xiang, a calligrapher with a bachelor's degree in Duanming Temple, once got an inkstone and said happily, "Jade is pure, pure and refined. The spirit of the ink is silent and the smell is still there. I would like to compare Baoyu inkstone to the priceless Heshi wall, which shows how precious and rare it is to have a boutique couplet.

Xuan writing brush

Jingxian county has a long history of pen making. According to legend, China has a pen since ancient times, but the early writing brush is very simple, not called a pen. In the Warring States period, Chu called the pen Yu, Wu called it irregular, Yan called it Fu, and it was not until the Qin Dynasty that it was called a pen. According to records, in 223 BC, Meng Tian, a Thai general, traveled to the south of Chu and passed by Zhongshan (now Xuancheng and Jingxian), and got rabbit hair with good quality, so he made the first batch of improved Qin pens. Later generations called Haotian the father of brushwork, so this kind of calligraphy written with Zhongshan meticulous brushwork should be said to be the originator of Xu Anbi today.

Xu Anbi is strict in material selection and meticulous in workmanship, and has a unique style of elegant modeling, durable pure wool, moderate hardness, healthy and complete pointed circle. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Xuancheng Tuhao (also known as the font size) pen was greatly admired and sought after by the painting and calligraphy circles. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a well-known poem "Purple Pen Poetry": "There are old rabbits on the stone, eating willows and drinking purple pens in spring, and Xuancheng workers choose one of the ten million hairs with pens." Another cloud says, "Writing in Xuancheng every year is as valuable as gold." Geng Wei, a poet, happily wrote "Yong Zhou Xuan Pen" after personally trying the pen, praising: "The paper falls on the wind, shaking the sky and dew, and the boat is a strange chronicle. What should I do! " Xu Anbi was listed as a "tribute" in the Law of the Tang Dynasty, which stipulated that "tribute is 62 years old and purple is 22 years old". In the Song Dynasty, a large number of highly skilled calligraphers appeared, the pen-making technology took a step forward, and the carving art of the pen container reached a superb level. At that time, among the national pen-making industries, Xuancheng Zhuge Gao, Zhuge Dian and Zhuge Yuan were the most famous. Mei Shi praised: "The painter Zhuge Gao is the first in the country." Su Dongpo, a famous writer, used Xuanzhou pen in the exam. After "unbeaten in the final exam", he felt it was rare to play. Every time he got Zhuge pen in his life, he turned against him, claiming that there was no pen in Lingnan except Xuancheng, and even Du Xia didn't have a satisfactory pen. Xu Anbi was born in Jingxian County, our province, with a history of more than 2,000 years. Because of its excellent quality, it was once listed as a "tribute" and "imperial pen". Xuanbi takes rabbit hair, wool and wolf hair as raw materials, carefully selects materials and has strict technological requirements, and has a unique style of "elegant decoration, pure and durable wool, moderate rigidity and softness, and sharp circle". There are more than 260 varieties, among which "the ancient method of fetal hair", "dream pen gives birth to flowers" and "lotus pen" are the best pens.

cigarette paper

Xuan paper was named after it was produced in ancient Xuanzhou. Xuan paper production has a history of 1000 years, mainly concentrated in Jingxian county. Xuan paper is famous for its thin texture, softness, whiteness and compactness. It is characterized by aging resistance, strong tensile force and no discoloration, and is known as "Millennium Life Paper". Hongxing brand rice paper won the national famous brand.

Xuan paper Xu Anbi was produced in Jingxian County with a long history of 1000 years. The record of Xuan paper in history books was first seen in the Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Tang Ganfu, Zhang Yanyuan, a critic of calligraphy and painting, wrote "Clouds in Tears of Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties". "Good people should buy one hundred pieces of rice paper; Prepare copying with wax. " This shows that the papermaking technology in the Tang Dynasty was quite developed, and the calligraphy and painting used Xuan paper, but the production level was not high, so it was necessary to "wax" first and then "copy".

According to the Book of Old Tang Dynasty, in the second year of Tang Tianbao (AD 743), Jiangxi, Sichuan, southern Anhui and eastern Zhejiang all produced paper tribute, especially in Xuancheng County. When I arrived in Nantang, Li Yu, the late master, supervised Cheng Xintang Paper. "The skin is like an egg membrane; It is as clean as jade, delicate and smooth, and it is crowned for a while. It can be described as a boutique in rice paper. Li Zeng, a great painter in the Song Dynasty, painted a five-horse map with Tang paper, which is famous throughout the ages.