Where did Chen's surname originate?

First, the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, with the country as their surname, are the ancestors of Hu Gongman.

Last name: Chen Zuji: Yingchuan

Ancestor: Guiman County: Yingchuan County

Classification: country as surname

At the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, Chen's surname was mainly Gong Man. According to legend, Hu Gongman is a descendant of Yu Shun, one of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors.

Shun lost his mother when he was young, and his stepmother was inhuman. He was often beaten and abused, but he resigned himself to his fate and showed more respect to his stepmother. He is famous all over the world because he is studious and filial. In the last few years of Emperor Yao, he not only married his two daughters, E Huang and Nv Ying, but also passed on his throne to others. Therefore, when Shun was in power, the world was in power and the people were prosperous. In addition, he often "adjusted the jade candle, rested on the long wind, ate burnt fire and drank away from Liquan", and shared joys and sorrows with the people, so he won the support of more people. After his death, he spread to Hu Gongman in the 33rd century, and was enfeoffed to Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province) in BC 1045 (the second year of the founding of the People's Republic of China) to establish a vassal state and defend the royal family. The fief was in Chen (Fuxi built its capital in Wanqiu, and Yandi built its capital in the original site, so it was called Chen, later called), and Wanqiu (the mound with low middle and high sides, now Huaiyang, Henan) was the capital, with the country name Chen. According to the custom of Ji Tuming's surname, Guiman takes the country as his surname, so-called, Chen's ancestor is Chen Shi.

Chen Man (born in 1067 BC) reigned for 60 years, and he was called Chen Hugong. Wang Mang proclaimed himself emperor, established a new dynasty and made him Chen. Buried next to Liuhu Lake (now called Longhu Lake) in Huaiyang County, Henan Province, it is commonly known as the Iron Tomb because of lake erosion.

About 5,000 years ago, the Chen tribe moved eastward with the Huangdi clan to the fertile plain of the Central Plains. Tribes in Chen Feng began to change from nomadic life to agricultural settlement life, and settled in Wanqiu (now Huaiyang County). Zhuan Xu has a state-owned "Mountain of Zhou Chen" (Mountain and Sea Sutra, Huangda South Sutra), and this "Mountain of Zhou Chen" is Wanqiu. Although Wanqiu is famous, it is actually just a small mound with a height of no more than forty or fifty meters. Because it stands on the endless plain, it is particularly eye-catching. After thousands of years of flooding and siltation, the Yellow River and Huaihe River have been buried by sediment for 20 to 30 meters. Today, the remaining Wanqiu is just a small mound slightly above the ground.

At the end of Shang Dynasty, a descendant of Shang Jun, a man named "Shoufu", arrived in Zhou State and became an official of Tao. Because of his superb pottery-making skills, he won the favor of Zhou Wen Wang Jichang. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, the son of Ji Chang () chased the ancestors and adherents, named the son of Ji Chang Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), took the name of Chen State to replace Chen, and betrothed his eldest daughter Tai Ji to him. After Gui Man's death, posthumous title was from Gong Hu, so he was also called Gong Hu. Today, Chen Hu Gong Gui's tomb is at the lakeside of Liu Hu, Huaiyang County, Henan Province. Because the moat flooded into its site, it was blocked by iron, commonly known as the iron tomb.

Chen's capital is Wanqiu, which we are very familiar with now. Although the tribe in Chen Feng was first recorded in ancient books, part of this tribe was integrated into the Huangdi clan, and the other part was sold in historical records.

Chen Feng once said that there is elm in the east gate and elm is white elm, which is still an important tree species in the Yellow River basin and Huaibei area. The water in the car door pool is crystal clear, and the pool is covered with elms. I think the scenery is beautiful. Therefore, Textual Research on Poetic Geography says: "Shi Mao said: The East Gate is a land of hills and valleys. Dai Shi said: Chen Shi often mentions the East Gate, which must be a good place for Chen people to travel. Fan Shi said: Choose a high place and be happy. Wanqiu East Gate should be a place with elegant scenery in the city and a place for Chen Chenmin to play.

Wanqiu was the old capital of Taigao family in Fuxi, ancient Huang San, so there was a painting platform in the north of the city. "It is said that Fuxi got a turtle from Caishui and began to draw eight diagrams." In the northwest of Lisancheng, there is a tomb of Fuxi, which covers an area of about five hectares and is commonly known as the temple of people. Yarrow grows around the tomb, which is several feet high and has a stone tablet in front. No, Fuxi Tomb. Of course, there are also some buildings that have been added and repaired through the ages. However, before the Spring and Autumn Period, Taigaoling and Huahuatai existed, and they were places of entertainment for Chen Guojun citizens. If you climb up here and look far, you can see a panoramic view within 20 miles. This is really a refreshing pleasure. In recent years, many pottery pieces, pipe tiles, slab tiles and rammed soil layers of ancient city walls have been unearthed in Wanqiu area.

After the prosperity of Shun Dynasty, the descendants of Yu Shun once declined in Xia Dynasty and slightly improved in Shang Dynasty. Since the eldest daughter was married to a noble and knighted by Chen, her status has begun to stand out. As a blood relative and vassal of the Zhou Dynasty, Chen was favored by the son of King Wen and later Kang Wang and Zhao Wang.

In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chen, Zhou and Han were both great powers in the Central Plains. Wanqiu, the capital of Chen State, is located in Sanli, the east of Huaiyang County, Henan Province, which is surrounded by Caihe River. The whole territory of Chen is located in the eastern plain of Henan. Qingshui River, Cihe River, Heihe River, Mingxi River and Huiji River, tributaries of Huaihe River, are distributed in the east and flow into Huaihe River from northwest to southwest. Shui Ying, another major tributary of the Huaihe River, and some small tributaries of Shui Ying, such as Liuye River, Jia Luhe River and Shahe River, flow into the Huaihe River from west to southeast to northwest. Of course, the names of these rivers are mostly formed because of the vicissitudes of history. However, Shui Ying is an old name since 2000-3000, but its tributary Liusha River was called Pushui in ancient times. When it was sealed, it was only a hundred miles away from Chen, and there were nearly 800 feudal princes in the early Zhou Dynasty. According to the feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty, the four seas were divided into Kyushu and Fiona Fang. Each country has 30 vassals in Fiona Fang, 60 in Fiona Fang and 120 in Fiona Fang. There are 1773 countries in Kyushu, not counting the governors of these governors. At the same time, it stipulates that the Duke and Marquis countries, Fiona Fang thyme; Seventy miles from Fiona Fang, the earl country; The country of viscount and baron, Fiona Fang 50 li; Small countries less than 50 miles have become vassals of neighboring countries. Chen is not only a country of Hou, but also a country hundreds of miles away. Located in the fertile Central Plains, criss-crossing, flat terrain, endless. It is an advantageous area with rich products and developed culture in ancient times, and it is also said to be the capital of Fuxi Taigao family, which shows the importance of its status and situation.

Chen's territory is on the plain. Not only the land is flat and fertile, but also the ditches are vertical and horizontal, which is beneficial to irrigation. In addition, the climate is mild and suitable for crop growth. This is a rich area with rich products. Therefore, with its unique geographical location, Chen has developed rapidly. In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chen, together with Cai and Zheng, became a big country in the Central Plains and played a decisive role. However, because the monarch of Chen was unable to do his best to govern the country, and the courtiers were unable to help the country wholeheartedly, the monarch was above and the ministers were below, and political corruption led to the decline of the country. In 479 BC, King Hui of Chu invaded the north and killed Chen Minggong, the last monarch of the State of Chen. After Chen died, he set up a county in his hometown.

It took 568 years from Gui Man's sealing of Chen to his death in Chu, and * * * spread to the 20th and 26th generations of kings.

Second, for the descendants of Chen Guogong.

According to the custom of Ji Tuming's surname, Guiman takes the country as his surname, so-called, Chen's ancestor is Chen Shi. After the State of Chen was annexed by Chu, Chen Yan, the eldest son of Chen Minggong, moved to Huju, Wu Yang, and later moved to Yingchuan. The second person who lives in Gushi is Chen Lian, the second son of Chen Minggong.

In addition, Chen Wan changed his name to Tian, and Tian Qi was founded. At the end of the state of Qi, his third son Wang moved to Yingchuan and resumed his surname Chen. During the period from civil strife to national subjugation, all three descendants of Chen Guogong fled to other places. According to historical records, one of them lives in Chenliu, from Liu Liu, the son of Chen Aigong.

Third, the ethnic minority Chen surname

According to "Shu Wei Guanshi", the Xianbei people of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Five Dynasties originally had the surname of Hou, and moved to Luo with Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Xiaowen carried out the sinicization reform and changed his surname to Chen in 496.

The Chen family of the Jurchen nationality was mainly changed by the Jurchen nationality and the royal family, some of which were formed at the end of the Jin Dynasty.

Chen, a Mongolian, is the surname given by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, to the Mongolian aristocrats who descended from the Ming Dynasty.

There are two situations of Manchu Chen: first, during the reign of Nurhachi at the end of Jin Dynasty, people living in the northeast were forced to change to Manchu Chen; Second, the Manchu in this department changed its surname to Chen, and it still belongs to Manchu.

Chen of the Hani nationality, such as Chen Wenxing, a member of the National Ethnic Committee, and Chen Pilu, the fifth member, are all Chen of the Hani nationality.

Dong Chen, such as Chen Yi, associate professor of Guangxi University for Nationalities, and Chen Lichunyuan, author of Excellent Traditional Architectural Art, are all Dong Chen.

Tujia Chen, such as Chen Zhongxin, a representative of the Sixth National People's Congress and a native of Hubei, is Tujia Chen.

Buyi Chen, such as Chen Yongkang, deputy director of Guizhou Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission, is Buyi Chen.

Chen is the Yao nationality in Huangbudong Yao, Mareidong Yao, Zhenyuandong Yao and Rucheng Yao in Xinning County, Hunan Province. The fifteenth surname of Dayaoshan in Guangxi also has Chen.

Chen, a Jing nationality, is surnamed, such as Chen Runfen (female), a representative of the Sixth National People's Congress and a native of Fangcheng County, Guangxi.

Chen Hua (female), the representative of the Sixth People's Congress of Qiang nationality, is from Maowen County, Sichuan Province.

When Hui Chen Wei-zu was in the Ming Dynasty, Hui Chen in Licheng, Shandong Province was designated as the tomb of Suludong, and was buried in Beiying Village, the northern suburb of Dezhou. In the early years of the Republic of China, Chen was the Hui people who moved from various parts of Henan to Sancha Road and Yingxi Street in Shashi, Hubei.

Michelle ChenMiao, such as Chen Side, member of Guangdong Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission, and Chen Jiashou, chairman of Chengbu CPPCC, are all Michelle ChenMiao. In addition, there are ethnic minorities such as Chen, Li, Yi, Korean, Bai, Gaoshan and She.

Fourth, his surname was changed to his surname.

Cao's surname was changed to Chen's surname: Chen, a native of Haining, Zhejiang Province, was originally surnamed Cao. Chen's daughter got married and gave birth to four sons, and then disappeared.

Gao's surname was changed to Chen's: At the end of the Tang Dynasty, a man named Cao Xianlai married his mother's surname Chen, this Cao surname.

In the Song Dynasty, Chen, a descendant of Chen, became a big official, and the official even participated in politics (deputy prime minister). Chen became a noble family in Haining. There is a family named Gao in Haining, Zhejiang Province, which was after the Qing River King in the Northern Qi Dynasty in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. After several changes in the valley, his descendants quietly lived in Haining and became ordinary people. By the time the Fourteenth Generation was highlighted, history had entered the Yuan Dynasty. Because he was penniless, he had to let his wife adopt him in the Chen family and change his surname to Chen. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, his real name was Gao, and he worked in the Han Dynasty established by Hun Liu Cong. Because the diviner said that his birth date was taboo for his father, he changed his surname to Chen. In the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian had a confidant, a righteous man in Hedong, who changed his surname to Chen and was named Earl.

The surname of Bai was changed to Chen: There was another general in the Sui Dynasty named Chen Yonggui, who was originally a conference officer in Longyou (generally referring to the area west of Longshan, which is equivalent to the area west of Liupanshan and east of the Yellow River in Gansu Province). His surname is Bai, and he was highly valued by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. He is, Lan, Li and Chen Gong of Fengbei County. Yong Gui takes Chen Zi in the title as his surname. After the Ming Dynasty unified the whole country, Zhu Yuanzhang often gave the Han surname to win over the Mongolian aristocrats who had fallen to the Ming Dynasty, such as Chen Shouzhong and Chen Yuan. During the Ming Dynasty, the Li Dynasty in southern Anhui perished, and most of Li Wang's cold pens were moved to China. His son was renamed Chen Cheng and became an official in the Ministry of Industry.

Chen's surname was changed to other surnames: Xu Changgong and Wei Chi in the Western Wei Dynasty, but the time was short, and Chen's surname was restored in the early Sui Dynasty; At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Chen, a native of Xiangtan, Hunan Province, was born in a poor family, and one person changed his surname to Guo Jintai.

In the early years of Sui Dynasty, Bai Yonggui changed his surname to Chen, who has been called Chen for thousands of years.

In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, Bo (Bai) was a descendant of the previous dynasty and was an official in the mainland. Because of his few surnames and fear of discrimination, he also changed his surname to Chen, Han nationality. Since then, he has also been called Chen Yonggui. He has the name of Sun, and history books also call him Chen. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there were four Chen family members from Ninghai, Zhejiang Province, all surnamed Chen.

In the Yuan Dynasty, 14 Sun Gaoliang, the former king of Qinghe in the Northern Qi Dynasty, was adopted by his wife, and his descendants changed their surname to Chen. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, he was given the surname Chen and his grandson, and later he was appointed as Wu Pingbo from the official to the right.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Li Dynasty of Annan was destroyed, and the son of King Li Cheng was renamed Chen Cheng, Shi Mingren, the official to the minister of the Ministry of Industry, and later generations also took Chen as their surname.

Guangling Chen: The Western Han Dynasty set the country and the Eastern Han Dynasty changed the county. Governance is located in Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). This branch of Chen came from the descendants of Liu Xu, the son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who changed his surname to Chen.

V. Chen Yingmin and the Fallen Man

A water resident named Chen.

"Water residents", formerly known as residents or households, refer to residents who are engaged in fishing or water transportation in coastal harbors and inland rivers of Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi, and most of them take boats as their homes. So, how did the Miao people named Chen form? According to "Modern Geography of People's Livelihood in Fujian", "People often go on water and take boating as their profession. According to legend, Chen Youliang's defeated soldiers were driven away for the Ming Dynasty. "

As for the fallen man, Bai Meichu's "Human Geography of China" explains: "There are two theories about the origin. A description of the department that captured Chen Youliang was compiled as a beggar "; Ming Taizu destroyed Chen Youliang, captured his descendants Jiuzu, degraded people, and became a cheap musician, which was not in line with Qi Min's teeth. Chen Youliang was originally a fisherman. He joined the Red Scarf Army in the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and later became the most powerful armed force in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, competing with Zhu Yuanzhang. 1360, he killed Xu Shouhui, the leader of the Red Scarf Army, calling himself Emperor Han, which aroused Zhu Yuanzhang's resentment. 1363 fought a decisive battle with Zhu Yuanzhang's army in Poyang Lake and suffered a heavy defeat. In August, he broke through the Yangtze River from Hukou, was shot dead by an arrow, and the whole army was wiped out. His descendants and subordinates were brutally persecuted by Zhu Yuanzhang. Although the surname Chen is bitter, it still retains the title of family system and remains the surname Chen.