Introduction to Everything is done by Nan Yi (introduction, about 100 words).

Han Fei (about 280-233 BC) was born in Xinzheng, Henan Province at the end of the Warring States Period. He and Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Shihuang, were both students of Xun Kuang, and Xun Kuang was a master of legalism in the pre-Qin period. He once suggested that the king of South Korea should adopt the legalist thought and carry out reforms to strive for self-improvement, but it was not adopted. Later, Han Fei's works such as Lonely Anger and Five Cheats spread to the State of Qin. After seeing it, Qin Shihuang admired Han Fei's talent and said, "I don't think he will hate this man anymore when he swims with him." (Biography of Old Fei in Historical Records) To this end, Qin Shihuang threatened South Korea with force and ordered Han Fei to go to Qin. After Han Fei arrived in Qin, he was framed by Reese and poisoned in prison. However, Han Fei's political ideas were put into practice by Qin Shihuang. Han Fei's thoughts are mainly preserved in the book Han Fei Zi. Han Fei lived in the late Warring States period. During this period, it experienced about 300 years of war and turmoil since the Spring and Autumn Period, ended the rule of slavery, consolidated the economic foundation of feudalism and initially established the feudal superstructure. It has become the unanimous aspiration of the people of the whole country to demand a unified, stable and developed political situation. Han Fei's philosophy is the product of this great historical turning point. He summed up the experience and lessons of legalists in the long-term practice of political reform, inherited Xun Kuang's materialistic philosophy line, innovated Laozi's philosophy, and provided a systematic world outlook, epistemology and social history view for the establishment of a unified centralized feudal country.

Han Fei's works were compiled by later generations after his death. According to Hanshu Literature and Art, there are 55 records, Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi has 20 volumes, and Zhang Shoujie's Justice of Historical Records quotes seven records (or thinks that Liu Xiangqi records) also says that there are 20 volumes. The number of articles and volumes are consistent with this edition, which shows that this edition is not incomplete. Since the Han Dynasty, there have been more and more versions of Han Feizi, among which Chen Qiyou's Collection of Notes on Han Feizi is particularly detailed, accurate in textual research and rigorous in material selection. A Brief Comment on Zi Han by Liang Qixiong is particularly concise, simple and profound.

Edited in May 2020-19.

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A Brief Introduction to Everything is done by Nan Yi

There was a man in the state of Chu, who sold shields at the market as gifts. In order to attract customers and sell his goods as soon as possible, he did not hesitate to exaggerate and hype loudly.

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When Guan Zhong was ill, Huan Gong asked him and said, "Guan Zhong was ill and unfortunately died. Can you tell me something about it? " Guan Zhong said, "I will pay tribute to your words. hope

When Guan Zhong was ill, Qi Huangong went to his home to offer condolences and said, "Guan Zhong is ill. If he dies unfortunately because of the number of years he has lived, what will he use to persuade me? " Guan Zhong said, "You don't have to ask, I already told you. I hope you can get rid of vertical Diao, get rid of Yi Ya and alienate Wei Gong. Yiya is in charge of food for you. Only human flesh has never been tasted by you, so Yiya steamed her son's head and presented it to you. There is no one who does not love his son. Now Yiya doesn't love her son, how can she be patriotic? You are jealous of Dr. Qing and love the inner palace, so you manage the harem from the palace. There is nothing in human nature that doesn't love one's body, and neither does the body. How can one love the monarch? The founder's son served the monarch for fifteen years. During a few days' journey between Qi and Wei, he abandoned his mother and stayed as an official for a long time. How can he love the monarch if his own mother doesn't love him? I heard:' Hypocrisy won't last long, but neither will cover up. I hope you can get rid of these three people. "Guanzhong finally died, Qi Huangong didn't do as Guanzhong said. When Qi Huangong died, the maggots on the body climbed out of the door and were not buried.

Browse 61162017-12-16.

What's more than one day?

Field [tián] Land for planting crops: ~ field. Until. 2. Agriculture-related: ~ home. ~ garden. Gu Tong "pawned" and went hunting. 4. Ancient "tenancy", farming. 5. Last name. Land for planting crops: ~ wild. Until. Agriculture-related: ~ home. ~ garden. In ancient times, I often hunted. In ancient times, it was the same as "tenancy" and farming. Last name. "Move" (hieroglyphics. Xiao Zhuan thinks it is like a farmland with criss-crossing buildings or ditches. "Tian" is the radical of Chinese characters, and the characters from "Tian" are mostly related to hunting and farming. Original meaning: farming) was later called "tenancy". Farmland, trees and valleys are not just fields. -"Shuo Wen" field, planting crops. -"The Sound and Meaning of the Classics" quoted "Cang Xie", which is arrogant and arrogant. -"Poem Qi Feng Putian" enabled people to acquire land. -"Han Gaudi Biography" allows everyone to live in their own house and cultivate their own fields. -Liu Xiang's "Shuo Yuan" is another example: Tian Wei (Shou Tian); Farming (breeding); Field livestock (agriculture and animal husbandry); Field mulberry (planting and sericulture); Farming (breeding); Planting (breeding); After hunting (breeding) in the farmland, I dare not swim in the field. -"The book has no escape" There are birds in the field. -"Yi Shi hexagrams" Shu Yutian. -"Poem Zheng Fengshu Yu Tian" Xuanzitian Yu Shoushan. -"Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan Two Years" Qi Hou swam in the ancient dam and went to see the back hill. -"Zuo Zhuan Zhuang Gong Eight Years" burned forests and fields and stole many beasts. There will be no more beasts in the future. -"Everything is wrong, it is difficult to be one", burning forests and burning fields, exhausting ze and fishing. -"The Biography of Huainanzi" is another example: Yi Tian (hunting); Wild dogs (hounds); Field vehicle (hunting vehicle); Farming (hunting); Field equipment (hunting equipment); Tianshou (hunting); Wild horses (horses used for hunting); Tanabe (hunting equipment); Tian Yu (hunting and fishing) < name > farmland has been reclaimed. -"Name and Interpretation". -"Poetry Xiaoya Putian" There are many crops in the field. -"Poetry, Elegance and Datian" The field is barren. -"Mandarin Zhou Yuxia" draws water from the river to irrigate people's fields. -Chu Sunshao's "Ximen Bao Governing Leaves" is another example: Yi Tian (the son of Tian Tu); Tian She Weng (old farmer; Hillbilly); Fu Tian (farmer); Tanaka (in the field; In the field); Field houses (fields and houses); Field well (field depression); Yi Tian (field and city); Tian Bei (Potian); Tian Ping (a flat land in a field) is a piece of land that contains, produces or produces natural resources. Such as: oil fields; Gas field; Coalfield Drum Yingtian County (hanging drum). -"Poem Zhou Song You You" is a part of the human body, commonly known as Chizhai in paddy field and village, which can cure diseases and save lives. -Zhang Junfang's "Cloud Seven Signs" The fief given by the ancient rulers to relatives and servants was the son of an official, a field, and thought it was public. -"Zuo Zhuan" Hou Ji, an official in charge of farming in ancient times, was Tian. -"Guanzi" Tian [Author] Li Qiao [Dynasty] Tang Huaishu Day, Zhang Chen. Apricot flowers bloom in phoenix, and calamus leaves cover Longlin. Ruimai is different, Jiahexin. Know more about imperial power and attack the poor.

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What does "burn" mean?

Finn burns; ; Burn fé n < move > (1) (I know. From fire, from forest. Oracle Bone Inscriptions-shaped, like a burning bush. In order to drive wild animals out of the forest, the ancients used the method of burning the forest. Original meaning: burning mountains) (2) burning mountains and burning grass. [burning weeds until] burning, burning field. -"Shuo Wen" burned salty hills. -"The Seven-year Biography of Huan Gong Ram". Chuan: "If you burn, you will also burn firewood; If you are firewood, you attack with fire. " Burning forests and fields. -"Everything is wrong, one of the difficulties" (3) Burn [burn] burn, burn also. -"Guangya" burns like death, like abandonment. -"Yi Li" was burned like this. -Zuo Zhuan's Thirteen Years of Chenggong is a burning tree. -"Zhuangzi, foreign things". Sima's note: "refers to burning trees when it thunders." It is foolish to burn a hundred words. -Han Jiayi's On Qin is as popular as his predecessors. -"Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio Promoting Weaving" (4) Another example is that people who play with fire will set themselves on fire; Burn a ship (ferry); Burning pool (an instrument for burning sacrifices during sacrifice); Burn yellow (burn yellow watch paper. Sacrifice to the ancestral grave of the family temple, with prayers written on yellow paper); Burning (burning, burning); Burning silk (burning paper and silk) (5) An ancient torture. Loyalty with fire 】 【. -"The Book of Thai Oath" Anyone who kills a relative will burn it. -"Zhou Li Zhangzha" (6); Roast [roast] such as: burn (dry, cook dried fish); Dry and light (dry fish and light taste)

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Related idioms and allusions in the Spring and Autumn Period

1, bonfire play princes At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to win the princess's smile, the fatuous Zhou Youwang staged a farce in the city to ask the princes for advice with a bonfire. As a result, when the dogs of ethnic minorities attacked the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was another bonfire, and no one came to help the princes. You Wang was killed, ending the Western Zhou Dynasty. Since then, the authority of the Emperor of Zhou has plummeted, and the situation of the feudal lords in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period has emerged. 2. The respected king Qi Huangong got help from Guan Zhong when he realized his ambition. This man assisted Qi Huangong's political opponents before Qi Huangong succeeded to the throne. In order to compete with Qi Huangong for the throne, he once shot an arrow at Qi Huangong. However, after Qi Huangong came to power, he valued Guan Zhong's talent and ignored this revenge. Instead, he worshipped him as a teacher, implemented reforms, and finally made Qiang Bing rich. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the status of the Emperor of Zhou plummeted, and the princes no longer obeyed the King of Zhou. Some powerful governors took the opportunity to launch a merger war, forcing other countries to recognize their hegemony. Guan Zhong assisted Qi Huangong under the banner of "respecting the king and rejecting foreign countries", making Qi Huangong the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. 3. Winning the Central Plains It is said that in the process of pursuing hegemony, he once led an army to throw its weight around in the suburbs of Luoyi, where the Zhou royal family was located, and sent envoys to ask about the size of Jiuding. Ding symbolizes kingship and wins, indicating the heart of seizing power. 4. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was civil strife in Jin State, and Jin Xiangong's son Zhong Er fled to Chu State. King Chu Cheng took him in and entertained him. He promised that if there was a war in Chu Jin, the Jin army would retreat from three houses (one in Sanli). Later, Zhong Er returned to the State of Jin with the help of Qin Mugong. The state of Jin supported the struggle between Song and Chu, and the two armies met in Chengpu. Zhong Er avoided, lured the enemy in and won. It is shocking that Chu Zhuangwang (another name is Qi Weiwang) has been in politics for three years, having fun every day and turning a blind eye to national affairs. A courtier said to Zhuang Wang, "I heard that there is a big bird in the countryside that doesn't fly for three years and doesn't sing for three years. What's wrong? " Zhuang Wang said: "This bird can fly without flying, and it will soar in the sky;" It will be a blockbuster if you don't sing. " Then, we will rectify state affairs, enrich Qiang Bing, and form a situation of great governance in just a few years. 6. During the Spring and Autumn Period, at the request of Yan State, Qi Huangong led troops to repel the invasion of Shanrong State; The Milu, the king of Shanrong, fled to the lonely bamboo country to ask for reinforcements, and Guan Zhong followed Qi Huangong to defeat the reinforcements of the lonely bamboo country. On the way back to China, Qi Jun was trapped by a fake guide's agency. Guan Zhong suggested using an old horse to lead the way to save the day. 7. During the Warring States Period, Zhao had two important ministers, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. Because of Lin Xiangru's many contributions, the Prince of Zhao made him Prime Minister. Lian Po was unconvinced, thinking that his martial arts had overshadowed his mouth. Lin Xiangru avoided Lian Po many times for the sake of the country. Lian Po was ashamed when he learned of his good intentions, so he went to Lin Xiangru's house to confess secretly. From then on, the two made up and became friends with each other. 8. When talking about the Warring States on paper, Zhao Kuo, the son of Zhao She, a famous Warring States soldier, was well-read in the art of war and was eloquent in fighting. Even his father can't beat him, and he thinks he is invincible. Zhao She thinks that he is an armchair strategist and doesn't understand traffic. Later, when Zhao She died, Zhao Kuo took Lian Po's place. Lin Xiangru and others strongly opposed it. Zhao Wang insisted that Zhao Kuo lost 400,000 troops in the battle of Changping. 9. After repeated orders, Sun Wuliu lived in the State of Wu, and the King of Wu wanted to test Sun Wu's military talents, so he gave Sun Wu 180 young ladies-in-waiting to practice. Sun Wu divided the ladies-in-waiting into two teams and made the prince's favorite concubine the captain. After Sun Wu confessed the password to the ladies-in-waiting, he drummed and commanded. The ladies-in-waiting burst into laughter and the team was in chaos. Sun Wu gave another order, but the ladies-in-waiting just thought it was fun and didn't listen at all. Sun Wu said that since he had understood the order and didn't listen, it was the crime of the leader and ordered the two captains to be put to death. The prince of Wu hurriedly ordered that the princess should not be killed, but Sun Wu killed two princesses. Then, Sun Wu rehearsed the ladies-in-waiting, and this time no one dared not listen to orders. 10. During the Warring States Period, Wei Jun besieged Handan, the capital of Zhao. Zhao asked Qi for help and sent Tian Ji as the general and Sun Bin as the strategist to send troops to save Zhao. Tian Ji wanted to directly lead troops to save Zhao Handan, while Sun Bin advocated that troops should besiege the capital girder of Wei, and Wei would return to the army to save himself. This will not only lift the siege of Zhao, but also exhaust Wei Jun. Tian Ji adopted Sun Bin's strategy and led his troops to take the lead. When Wei Jun heard the news, he quickly withdrew the troops besieging Handan and returned to the army to rescue the girder overnight. Going to Guiling, the Qi army will meet Wei Jun earlier and earlier. Wei Jun was defeated, almost completely annihilated. 1 1. During the Warring States Period, King Wu Ling, the monarch of the State of Zhao, was determined to change his mind while Khufu was riding a horse and shooting arrows. King Wuling saw that the Hu people (ethnic minorities) were dressed in short-sleeved plain clothes, riding horses, shooting arrows while running, and their actions were agile and flexible, so he decided to learn from the Hu people, reform soldiers' clothing and develop cavalry. In less than a year, Zhao had a powerful cavalry. After fighting in the south and north, Zhao became one of the great powers at that time. 12. During the Warring States Period, in order to save Zhao, Qin sent troops to besiege Handan, the capital of Zhao. Zhao asked Wei for help, and Wei sent troops to save Zhao. When Qin heard that Wei sent troops to save Zhao, he sent people to Wei to threaten Wang Wei. Wang Wei gave in to Qin and ordered those who went to save Zhao to stay where they were. So he wrote to Xin, the son of Wei State, for help. Xinlingjun once avenged Wang Wei's favorite concubine, such as Ji, for killing his father. Xinlingjun let Ruji steal the art of war from Wang Wei, thus seizing the military power, leading tens of thousands of soldiers to Handan, defeating Qin Jun and solving the siege of Handan. 13. During the Warring States Period, Qin Chu fought frequently, and the vassal states valued interests, sometimes helping Qin, sometimes paying attention to one thing and losing the other. Therefore, an idiom has been formed to describe the vacillating and capricious attitudes of various groups and figures in the situation that the powers compete for spheres of influence. 14, it is hard to see that in 227 BC, Prince Dan of Yan sent Jing Ke to the State of Qin to assassinate the King of Qin, and staged a tragic scene. When Jing Ke bid farewell to Taizi Dan, he sang: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever." In the state of Qin, Jing Ke paid off the minions of the king of Qin to see him with a large sum of money. Jing Ke pretended to present a map of Du Kang to Ying Zheng, the king of Qin. When Ying Zheng opened the map, Jing Ke grabbed the dagger on the map and stabbed the king of Qin. The king of Qin was frightened and suddenly broke free. Jing Ke was killed by the warriors of Qin. 15. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue in the south also joined the hegemony war. Fu Cha defeated the King of Yue, and Fu Cha defeated and captured Gou Jian. Gou Jian has been feeding Fu Tea Horse for three years and suffered a lot. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was humiliated. After returning home, he was determined to serve his country and avenge it. He asked Fan Li to help train the army, hire talents, take part in labor by himself, and insist on sleeping on firewood. He has to taste gall before every meal. After ten years of reunion and lessons, Wu was finally destroyed. 16, love the bitch in Everything Wrong. The foreign reserve said, "Top left": In those years, Qin Mugong married his daughter to Jin Gongzi and prepared a very generous dowry. There are as many as 70 concubines in gorgeous clothes alone. When I first married into the State of Jin, people in the State of Jin saw that all the married women were so beautiful, and they all wanted to find a female concubine to take home, but they felt that the king of Qin was not as beautiful as a female concubine and looked down upon him. This is a story told by Han Fei when he answered a question from the king of Chu by Qiu Tianzhi, who taught Mozi theory in Qi State. The examples of "Qin Bo marries a daughter" and "buying gifts to return pearls" together illustrate the truth of doing things, that is, don't forget to use them, or even use them to harm others. Later generations often use this metaphor to do things, putting the cart before the horse. 17, Bai Hongguan from the Warring States Policy Wei Ce IV: Nie Zheng was a barbarian in the Warring States Period. Because he killed people to escape revenge, he fled to Qi and made a living by slaughtering them. Han Qingyan then had a gap with Han and wanted revenge. When he heard that Nie Zheng was chivalrous and brave, he gave Nie Zheng's mother Jin Baizhen as a birthday present and explained that he wanted Nie Zheng to assassinate his enemy. Nie Zheng refused on the grounds that her mother still needed support. Later, after the death of his mother, he fought alone and assassinated Han. He met this phenomenon of Bai Hongguan, stabbed himself and committed suicide. Bai Hong is an atmospheric optical phenomenon, now called solar halo. The ancients were superstitious and often regarded this as a sign of heaven, which would harm the king, and it was also attached to heaven. 18, Bi Wanchang from Zuo Zhuan Min A.D.: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Xiangong destroyed Wei and gave Wei land to Bi Wan, a minister. Bu Yan, the doctor in charge of divination, said: "After completing the task, it will be great. Ten thousand, abundant number also; The famous Wei (Wei Tongwei, hence the name Yun) was given to Wei, the land of Biji, as an act of God to inspire future generations and make them prosperous. "Later, the descendants of Bi Wan really established the State of Wei during the Warring States Period. In fact, these are all ancient sayings. Later generations often compare the development and prosperity of later generations with the allusion of "the wall is prosperous" 19, Holding the Ice and Holding the Fire from Biography of Gou Jian Returning to China in the Spring and Autumn Period of Wuyue: Gou Jian, the King of Yue, often honed his will with hard living conditions in order to destroy Wu Guo Fu. He held the ice in the cold winter and the fire in the hot summer, working day and night, repairing the military and political affairs at home and treating the diplomatic princes. Ten years of reunion, ten years of lessons, and finally from weak to strong, the destruction of Wu. Later generations used "holding ice to hold fire" as a metaphor for hard struggle and unremitting self-improvement, and also used to refer to the hardships of life. 20. I will wait for you in my post until I die. Students from Zhuangzi Stealing Feet met their beloved woman under the river bridge. The woman didn't come until the river rose, while Wei students would rather hold Liang to death than stand up. Weisheng was loyal to love and kept his promise, but his mind was rigid and he didn't know what happened, so he died in his post. Later, it was used as an allusion to keep promises, especially for the love vows between men and women. 2 1. The landscape inside and outside comes from Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Twenty-eight Years: In the Spring and Autumn Period, before Chu Jin's decisive battle, Jin Wengong's counselor, also an uncle of Jin Wengong, advised Wen Gong to participate in the decisive battle. He thought that even if the battle failed, he could stick to it at the risk of Taihang Mountain and Yellow River. The original words are: "War also. If you win the battle, you win the vassal; If you are not agile, it will not hurt. " Later generations often use "mountains and rivers are outside" to illustrate the solidity of geographical national defense. And Bird Yang Hao wrote in Tongguan Nostalgia: The peaks are like gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road. People who look to the west will hesitate. This is the meaning of "mountains and rivers on the outside" in the book, which on the one hand shows the sinister situation in Tongguan; On the other hand, it reflects the ruin of the imperial palace in Qin and Han dynasties and the endless suffering of the people during the war. 22, candidly admit defeat comes from "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Fifteen Years": the battle of Qin, Jin and Han Yuan, the Jin army was defeated, Jin was captured, and Dr. Jin's hair was unkempt and drooping. Qin Mugong urged, "How anxious Ersanzi is! I want to invite the Jin army to my state of Qin. How dare I go too far? " Doctor Jin bowed three times and said, "You walk on the ground and wear the emperor's heaven. The emperor really hears your words, and the ministers dare to descend." In fact, Dr. King's words are an oath, and I hope what he said can be kept. "Good wind" means that your promise is not only a mirror of heaven and earth, but also heard by all of us who are detained. I hope you won't break your word. "Bowing to the wind" was originally a humble and cowardly act, and later it gradually evolved into the idiom "willing to bow to the wind" as a self-deprecating word. 23. Borrow a story from the Second Year of Zuo Cheng Chuan Gong: In 589 BC, after the defeat of the Jin-Lu-Wei allied forces, the minister of Qi Qing Gong sent Bin (Guo Zuo, who once presided over the administration of Qi State) to take bribes to see Chuck, the coach of the Jin army. When Jin put forward harsh conditions to humiliate Qi (Xiao Tong's uncle was the mother of the Duke of Qi), Qi's ridge was taken hostage. The commanders of the two armies, Lu and Wei, advised Chuck to stop fighting and make peace with Qi. Jin finally gave up the idea of continuing to attack and signed a Covenant, which turned Qi into safety. Later, he vowed to "borrow one from the back of the city" to fight the enemy to the death. 24. The story of Ban Jing's Daoism comes from Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-six Years of Xianggong: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Ju, the grandfather of Wu Zixu, Chu, and Gongsun Guisheng, the son of Cai Shui's Zichao, were good friends. Wu Ju married Wang Zimou (that is, Shen Gong). After Wang Zimou escaped from the crime, the Chu people all said that "Wang Zimou's escape was actually escorted by Wu Ju." So Wu Ju also fled to Zheng because of his involvement, and then prepared to go to the State of Jin. Just then, Sun Guisheng was going to the State of Jin, and the two met outside Zheng. They "eat like Jing (pulling out the grass building) (sitting on it and eating), but talk about the past (talking about returning to Chu). Later, it refers to friends meeting on the road and chatting about old feelings. 25, Yan "Zhuangzi Foreign Affairs" Hong Huabi Hong Huabi was a doctor of Liu Wengong and a minister in the Spring and Autumn Period. Liu He is a family friend. Jin Qing (in 490 BC, that is, ten years on Wednesday, Zhao defeated Fan and Bank of China) fought among themselves, and Changhong helped Fan, so Zhao Yang denounced him for it. The Jin army blamed Zhou, who killed Changhong. Changhong died in Shu (now Sichuan), and the people of Shu all felt it. In three years, his blood turned to jasper, and he was sincere. Of course, turn Bi's theory into the romance of later generations. Later, "Hong Hong Bi Hua" was often used to describe loyal ministers who died of injustice. Still have to be loyal to the country, and the spirit of loyalty to the country will last forever. Like Yuan Chonghuan, a famous soldier in the late Ming Dynasty, his blood turned green after his death. 26. Staying on the beam and stabbing stocks comes from The Warring States Policy Qin Ce Me: Su Qin lobbied Qin Wang, saying that the last time Qin Wang didn't adopt his idea, his parents, wives and concubines ignored him after returning to China. When he is sad, he works hard and studies hard day and night. After reading a book at night, I feel sleepy, so I prick my thigh with an awl to wake up and continue my study. This spirit of hard work and self-improvement has always been praised by people and has become a typical example of persuasion in the old days. Later generations often use "stabbing stocks" as an allusion to hard work and self-improvement. 27. The knife wound comes from Zuo Zhuan's Thirty-one Years of Xianggong: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zi Pi, a doctor of the State of Zheng, wanted one of his junior ministers, Yin He, to serve as a doctor in a private territory. Because Zheng Zichan came to power on his recommendation in his later years, he probably thought that Zichan would not oppose the promotion of Yin He. Zheng Zichan advocates "learning before politics" to avoid screwing things up, which is a safe way to choose candidates; If you are a scholar who studies politics, you will make fun of politics, which is irresponsible and harmful to politics. In order to illustrate this truth, Zi Chan compared "cutting without a knife" with "obsessing over money does not make people study" and expounded that the cart before the horse cannot be put. From today's perspective, although it is understandable to learn before doing, learning while doing is also learning and cannot be biased. The combination of "wielding a knife" and "wounding brocade" by later generations is a metaphor for weakness. 28. The curtain of Chu came from the 28th year of Zuo Zhuan: Chu defeated Zheng, and Zheng was rescued by other vassal states, forcing the Chu army to retreat overnight. In order to prevent the rescue of Zheng Jun and the reinforcements of the vassal states, the Chu army quietly retreated at night, but left an empty camp as a cover. The army tent was empty, crows lived on it, and the Zheng people sized up the situation and stopped running in the Chu military camp. Later, this allusion was often used to refer to failure or the emptiness of military power. 29. Digging a well is quoted from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Lu Biography. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a man named Ding in the State of Song. Because there was no well at home, he dug a well in his yard. He thinks that in this way, there is no need to send a person to wash clothes and fetch water, which is equivalent to getting help from one person. After someone heard it, they spread it out, saying that Ding Jia had got a man by drilling. Later, it was used as a metaphor to spread the truth, or subjectivism explained it out of thin air, confusing things. 30. The story of putting righteousness above family loyalty is quite famous, and it is also recorded in the chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. However, what I want to talk about is the four-year seclusion from Zuo Zhuan: during the Spring and Autumn Period, Shi Hou, the son of paraffin in the Wei State, and his son Zhou Xu * * * usurped the throne. Shi Hou went to his father to calm the hearts of the people at home. Paraffin wax is designed for this purpose. With the help of Chen Huangong, they took advantage of Chen Guo to arrest Zhou Xu and Shi Hou. Weiguo sent people to Pu to kill, and Paraffin sent his ministers to Chen to kill. " Zuo Zhuan therefore praised: "The gentleman said,' Paraffin is a pure minister. Urged by evil state, generous (with it, meaning to be executed together). How can it be called "putting righteousness above family members"? "The meaning of destroying the family" originally refers to destroying the affair between father and son for the sake of the righteousness of monarch and minister, and later refers to upholding justice and not favoritism. 3 1, Dong Shi is effective from Zhuangzi Tian Yun: It is said that there is a stunning beauty named Shi in Vietnam. She is beautiful, no matter how she dresses up, her every move is beautiful and moving. Shi's heart is very painful. When he is ill, he always puts his hand on his chest and frowns. One day, she was walking on the road in the village. Suddenly, her chest ached and she frowned in pain. She unconsciously put her hand on her chest and grinned. It happened that an ugly girl named Dong Shi came face to face. When he saw the frown, Shi put his hand on his chest and smiled. He thinks he is beautiful. So, just imitate. Dong Shi had no chest pain, and put his hand on his chest and grinned, frowning as usual, thinking it was beautiful. When the villagers saw her uncharacteristically, they looked at her for no reason, but the ugly girl frowned and grinned more because she was liked by others, scaring everyone away. Later, the metaphor of "ugly and clumsy" was used to imitate "beauty and cleverness" blindly and mechanically, which backfired and became a laughing stock. Li Baiyou: Ugly women follow suit and surprise their neighbors. 32. Stunning Zhuangzi Sheng Da: During the Warring States Period, cockfighting was a fun activity for nobles, and the King of Qi was a cockfighting fan at that time. In order to win on the chicken farm, King Qi specially invited an expert Ji to help him train chickens. The king of Qi was eager to win, and after a few days, he sent someone to urge him. Ji Xunzi said, "A chicken is unruly. It is eager to try at the sight of its opponent and can't hold its breath. "A few days later, the King of Qi sent someone to ask, and Ji Xunzi said," Not yet. It seems that the chicken does not move, but it is not calm enough. "A few days later, Ji Xunzi finally said to the bearer," Please tell the King of Qi that I have taken the time to train chickens. "When it comes to cockfighting, the opponent's chicken barks and jumps, and the chicken trained by Ji Xiezi is like a wooden chicken, and there is no response at all. The other chickens were scared away when they saw its dull appearance. So the king of Qi used this chicken to fight with others and naturally won. Zhuangzi used this story to illustrate that some things are not necessarily inherited from nature, but can become habits after artificial training, so as to achieve the purpose of transforming "things". But to later generations, it is all derogatory to use "stupefied" to describe the expression of people who are stupefied by fear or surprise. 33. Stealing and hating the master comes from Zuo Zhuan's Fifteen Years of Success: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Bozong (the son of Sun, a doctor of the Jin Dynasty) was honest and outspoken in the court, and his wife often advised him: "Stealing and hating the master is anathema to the people, and it is difficult to speak frankly. "Later, Bozong was killed because he had too many grievances." "Stealing and hating the master" means that the thief hates the master he has stolen or robbed. Later it means that bad people hate honest people, they hate kind people, ugly people and beautiful people, and bad people hate kind people. 34. Forgetting fish comes from "Zhuangzi Foreign Objects": Zhuangzi said: "The basket (a bamboo fish catcher) can catch fish, but it is forgotten because of the fish; Hooves (crying tools for catching rabbits) are all on rabbits, and you forget hooves when you get rabbits; The speaker (language, writing) cares about (meaning and reason to be expressed) and forgets to say it proudly. I have an Andrew who forgets his words and talks with others (that is, there are very few people who deeply understand his Tao and attach importance to it but don't waste words, so Zhuangzi hopes to find such people to talk with him)! Zhuangzi here took the metaphor of "forgetting fish" and "forgetting rabbit's hoof", which was not used in a negative sense. It is a link between the preceding and the following, and its purpose is to illustrate the truth of "forgetting words and being proud" through comparison. Later generations used "forgetting fish" but changed their original intention. Generally speaking, it is negative, which means that once you achieve your goal, you will forget or give up the means you rely on to achieve it. 35. Broken Weaving (Second Weaving) comes from Han's Biography of Han Poetry and Female Biography: Mencius was a representative figure of Mohism in the Warring States Period, and his surname was Meng Mingke. Because of his profound appreciation and noble morality, he was praised as a "saint" by later generations. Mencius' high status is related to his education since childhood. When Mencius was a child, his mother attached great importance to his education. On one occasion, Mencius didn't go to school for fun. His mother was very angry when she learned about it. She immediately picked up scissors and cut the thread she was knitting. Mencius was very filial to his mother. Seeing her so angry, he was afraid and sad. Seeing his son's repentance, Meng Mu said earnestly to his son, "If you give up your studies, you will cut the wires like me. Only when you concentrate on your studies will you have knowledge. If you don't study hard now, you will accomplish nothing in the future. " From then on, Mencius studied hard and finally became a great scholar. Later, I used "Broken Weaver Girl" as an allusion to encourage me to study hard and not give up halfway. In addition, people also use rags to express the persuasion of virtuous women. 36. Mountains and rivers come from the Warring States Period. Liezi Tang Wen, a famous work by Yu Kou of Zheng State, said: "Boya looks at the mountains with drums and instruments, and Zhong Ziqi says,' Good, majestic as Mount Tai!'" "Determined to manage water, Zhong Ziqi said,' Well, the ocean is like running water.' "In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Yu Boya, who was proficient in temperament and superb in piano skills, but his piano only played notes and lacked charm.