Information about the Book of Changes

There are several different interpretations of the name of Zhouyi. Zhou in Zheng Xuan's Book of Changes in the Eastern Han Dynasty holds that "Zhou" means "Zhou Pu", that is, everything is ready and capricious. However, in the Book of Changes Justice written by Confucius in the Tang Dynasty, "Zhou" refers to the place name of Qiyang, which is a noun of the Zhou Dynasty. Some people think that the Book of Changes was popular in the Zhou Dynasty, so it is called the Book of Changes. Some people think that the Book of Changes was written by Zhou Wenwang according to the records in Historical Records that Wang Wen was arrested and played the Book of Changes. However, in several earlier documents, such as The Analects of Confucius, Zhuangzi and Zuo Zhuan, the Book of Changes was only called Zhouyi, and the name of Zhouyi first appeared in Zhou Li. However, scholars are still controversial about the age of Zhou Li. So as far as literature is concerned, "Zhou" should be added later. According to the new system, the name of Sanyi has no dynasty name, so Zhou in Zhouyi can be interpreted as two divination books, such as Zhou Pushu. However, it is still a question whether there were mountains in Xia Dynasty and whether there were Tibetan exiles in Shang Dynasty. Two books are probably the phenomenon mentioned in "((the theory of ancient history accumulation)). Therefore, it is certain that the book of changes or the book of changes was originally called the book of changes. "Yi" has several explanations: Yi is named after a lizard, which is an pictograph, which comes from Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi; Lizards can change color, commonly known as "chameleon", so the change meaning of "Yi" is the extended meaning of lizards. It must be pointed out that the understanding of "Yi" in the Western Zhou Dynasty should be based on the reform of the ritual and music system in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Etiquette refers to the festival of leisure, that is, easy music, which are the means and tools for the ruling class to control the people and maintain the patriarchal clan system. Zhouyi preserves the framework of the symphony of bells and drums in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it is unthinkable for bells and drums to eat and drink in the bottom society of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The sun and the moon change, symbolizing yin and yang. Sunrise is easy. Chen Guying thinks this meaning is also the original meaning of "doing". Yi is the name of divination. Change means that everything in the world is constantly changing, so Zhouyi is a book that teaches people to face change. Transaction, that is, the mutual change of yin eliminating yang and yang eliminating yin. As shown in the general taiji diagram. "Yi" means "Tao", an eternal truth. Even if things change at any time and space, the eternal Tao remains unchanged. Biography of Cohesion: "Life is easy". Life is endless, just like "the meaning of life lies in creating the life that the universe continues". It is new and new to experience the beauty of life. ) In the records of Zhou Li and Taibu, there are also "three meanings"; Sanyi refers to the divination books of three different dynasties: Lianshan, Guizang and Zhouyi. It is said that Lianshan is the Oracle of Xia Dynasty, Guizang is the Oracle of Yin Shang Dynasty, and Zhouyi is the Oracle of Zhou Dynasty. Zheng Xuan's book Yi Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty holds that "Yi Yi has three meanings: Jane Yi Yi also; Change two also; It is not easy. This sentence summarizes the three meanings of Yi: simplicity, changeability and constancy. That is to say, the existence of things in the universe is 1) It is natural and shows two properties: easy and simple; [2] 2) Always changing; 3) remain unchanged. As the Book of Songs says, "the sun and the moon must be on the moon" or "the moon will remain unchanged, and the sun will rise", the movement of the sun and the moon shows an artificial nature and is simple; Its position and shape change from time to time and are changeable; However, it is always "not easy" for the East to go out and the West to fall. I ching refers to classic works. Confucianism regards Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shijing, Book of Rites and Chunqiu as five classics. As mentioned above, this classic was later added as the title to commemorate these books. The Five Classics were originally called Yi, History, Skill, Reason, Spring and Autumn. [Editor] History [Editor] The traditional view is that the time when Zhouyi was written has been controversial. It is said that ancient Fuxi created the Eight Diagrams, and Yu Xia expanded it into sixty-four hexagrams, which were recorded in the book Lianshan, in which "root" was the first hexagram. The Shang Dynasty rearranged the order of the sixty-four hexagrams and recorded them in the book "Returning to Tibet", with "Kun" as the first hexagram. According to Sima Qian's Historical Records, "King Wen was arrested and went to Zhouyi", later generations think that the Book of Changes was written at the end of Shang Dynasty and the beginning of Western Zhou Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the Book of Changes with "gan" as the first divination, and recorded "divination" for each divination (interpretation of divination). Zhou Gongdan, the son and brother of Zhou Wenwang, is regarded as the founder of Yi Ci. The content of the hexagrams not only influenced the history of the Zhou Dynasty, but also influenced the style of the Book of Songs. Ten Wings is considered to be the work of Confucius disciples and re-disciples in the Spring and Autumn Period. It is an interpretation of the Book of Changes and consists of ten articles, including: 1 Upload; 2. upload; 3. Upload with pictures (also known as "elephants"); 4. Upload with pictures (also known as "elephants"); 5. Upload with copula; 6. Upload with copula; 7. However, according to records, there are other classification methods of the ten wings, and the classification methods have not reached unity. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Eleven Wings were called the Book of Changes and regarded as a part of the Book of Changes. [Editor] Modern Quotations In the past 50 years, a new historical study has appeared in the Book of Changes. Scholars from the West and China have studied animal bones, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhong Dingwen on bronzes and other historical materials used for divination in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. 1973, in Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan Province, books such as the Book of Changes and Tao Te Ching in the second century BC were unearthed, which are the earliest versions of the existing Book of Changes, including the upper and lower parts of the Biography of Cohesions written by Confucius, but not the other parts of Ten Wings. Supplement: Contemporary scholars suspect that Zhou Wenwang and Confucius are not the authors of the Book of Changes, and some scholars even think that the concept of sixty-four hexagrams was formed earlier than the eight diagrams. After comparing the Book of Changes unearthed at Mawangdui in Changsha with Zhong Dingwen in Zhou Dynasty, scholars think that the Book of Changes could not have been written by Zhou Wenwang, and the most likely date of its completion should be the late Western Zhou Dynasty, about the end of the ninth century BC. At present, it is generally believed that the Book of Changes is not the work of any legend or historical figure, but is compiled from the characters used in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Regarding Yi Zhuan, Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty suspected that Yi Zhuan was not written by the same person. Contemporary scholars believe that the chapters in Yi Zhuan first appeared in China during the Warring States Period, but some of them were written in the Western Han Dynasty. [Editor] It is said that when Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, Li Si survived by including Zhouyi in the book of medical divination. Later, people in all previous dynasties studied Zhouyi, including Fang Jing and Zheng Xuan in Han Dynasty, Wang Bi in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Lu Deming, Li Dingyou and Kong in Tang Dynasty, Shao Yong, Cheng Yi and Zhu in Song Dynasty. Yi Tu's research rose in the Song Dynasty, such as the well-known river map, Luo Shu, congenital map, acquired map and Taiji map (including the circular pattern of Yin and Yang fish), which were not found in the original book of Zhouyi, and were supplemented by later generations according to their own understanding of Zhouyi. The study of Zhouyi in past dynasties can be roughly divided into two schools: the school of righteousness and the school of image mathematics. The rationalist school emphasizes that hexagrams, epigrams and epigrams are explained by the meaning of their names. Elephant Mathematics School pays attention to explaining hexagrams and speeches from the images symbolized by gossip. Some people think that the school of righteousness discusses the philosophical value of Zhouyi, while the school of elephant focuses on divination with Zhouyi. The former is Bi and Cheng Yi, and the latter is Shao Yong. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Book of Changes was translated by missionaries and introduced to the West. 1at the end of the 7th century, the German philosopher and mathematician Leibniz explained the Book of Changes in binary because of the introduction of the sinologist Buwei (Bai Jin in Chinese, 1662- 1732). Nowadays, many people in Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province Province and western countries have studied the Book of Changes. According to Jiang Hongyuan's textual research on the changes of the Book of Changes, Zhu, Huidong and Si's summary of the General Catalogue all think that the book and its chapters have been written by myself since the publication of the Book of Changes. This book is extended by Shen Yanguo's argument, and it is determined that Fang Jing is based on 60 hexagrams headed by 12 hexagrams, and repeated at the rhythm of 60 minutes, while Bagong hexagrams, Najia and Yinna evolved from another non-Shi Jing school, such as Xun Shuang, Yu Fan and Gan Bao, and replaced the original pattern of Fang Jing after the appearance of Shi Jing Yi Zhuan. Supplement: [Editor] The content of the structural Book of Changes consists of "hexagrams", with a total of 64 hexagrams. Each hexagram consists of six layers, and each layer is called "Yao" (Cantonese: Yao, Yao). Each hexagram represents Yang with a long horizontal line, which is called "Yang hexagram"; Or two broken horizontal lines "-"represent Yin, which is called "Yin". From the bottom, there are always six hexagons, and six hexagons match different yin and yang to form 64 different combinations. Six hexagrams can be divided into the upper half and the lower half, and the three hexagrams of each part cooperate with different yin and yang to form various combinations, which are called hexagrams. The bottom of six hexagrams is the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and top. The hexagrams born of three hexagrams are top-down hexagrams (upper hexagrams) or external hexagrams, lower hexagrams or internal hexagrams. Each six-pointed star represents a state or process. There is also a saying that Fu created hexagrams such as (Gan), (Kun), (Zhen), (Li), (Xun), (Kan), (Gen) and (Right). Later generations explained the composition of hexagrams by saying "Infinity begets Tai Chi, Tai Chi begets two instruments, two instruments begets four images, four images begets eight diagrams, and eight diagrams begets sixty-four hexagrams". Taiji () represents one, and the traditional Taiji diagram represents the complementarity of Yin and Yang; Divided into two, divided into yin and yang, that is, two instruments; Divided into four, namely, the sun, shaoyang, shaoyin and Taiyin; Eight out of four, that is, gossip; Two gossip overlap, which is 8864 hexagrams. However, some scholars have pointed out that historical data show that divination was sixty-four hexagrams when it first appeared, but gossip was the explanation of later generations.