About Gaoshan nationality

The Gaoshan nationality has a population of more than 400,000. It is mainly distributed in the mountainous area in the middle of Taiwan Province Province, the longitudinal valley plain in the east of Taiwan Province Province and Lan Yu Island, with a monthly population of more than 290.110,000 people and an area of about10.6 million square kilometers. Pingpu people are mainly scattered in the western plain, with a population of about100000. Another 3,000 people are scattered in coastal areas such as Fujian and Zhejiang on the mainland. The Gaoshan people living in Taiwan Province Province are divided into many branches due to the differences in region, language and culture, mainly Amir, Atayal, paiwan, Bunun, Rukai, Beinan, Cao, Yami and He, among which Amir has the largest population. Because Pingpu people are scattered all over Taiwan Province Province, they have been basically sinicized since the 20th century.

After the Qing Dynasty unified Taiwan Province Province, Gaoshan people were collectively called "Fan people". It can be divided into eastern fan, western fan, southern fan and northern fan due to different geographical distribution, alpine fan and Pingpu fan due to different living terrain, or wild fan, raw fan and cooked fan due to the development level and close relationship with Han nationality. During the Japanese imperialist occupation of Taiwan Province Province, Gaoshan people were called "Gaosha people" and "Fan people". After the recovery of Taiwan, the authorities of Taiwan Province Province used the name "Gaoshan people", and later they were called "Mountain compatriots", "Mountain people" and "aborigines". From 65438 to 0994, after the "name change movement" of Gaoshan nationality in Taiwan Province Province, Taiwan Province Province officially recognized the title of "aborigine". The "Gaoshan people" we are talking about here is the name given to the ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province by the people of the motherland after the victory of 1945 in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. After liberation, in the national census of 1953, the relevant units in the State Council officially adopted and published the name Gaoshan nationality.

There are many opinions about the origin of Gaoshan nationality, mainly including the following three kinds: 1. The aborigines said: Lian Heng mentioned "Mountain Plains" in the General History of Taiwan Province Province, and thought that Gaoshan people were the earliest residents of Taiwan Province Province; 2. From the south, Gaoshan people (Pingpu people) have many similar characteristics with Malays in terms of physique, language and culture. It is believed that Gaoshan people are Malays from the Philippines and Borneo Islands, but this theory has been shaken with the new discoveries of archaeology, ethnology and ethnology in Taiwan Province Province. 3. In the west, it is also called continental theory. Mainly based on archaeological excavations, it is proved that the primitive culture of Gaoshan ethnic group belongs to the same type as the southeast coast of mainland China, thus it is claimed that Gaoshan ethnic group in Taiwan Province Province originated from a branch of Guyue people in mainland China. In recent years, the latest archaeological discoveries, literature records and folk stories about the Gaoshan ethnic group have proved the multi-source theory of the origin of the Gaoshan ethnic group, that is, the Gaoshan ethnic group mainly came from a branch of the Guyue people in the southeast coast of Chinese mainland, and a few residents from the Ryukyu Islands, the Philippines, Borneo Islands and Micronesia Islands in the northeast merged with the Guyue people who moved here earlier, and gradually developed into today's Gaoshan ethnic group.

Second, the language of Gaoshan people.

Gaoshan people do not have their own writing, but they have their own national language. Because of the great phonetic differences in different areas where Gaoshan people live, it is sometimes difficult to talk to each other. According to the survey, Alpine language belongs to Indonesian language family in Austronesian language family. There are more than 20 languages in Gaoshan nationality, and now 13 languages are mainly used, which can be divided into three language families: Atayal language group, Cao language group and Paiwan language group. Their general feature is that they belong to multi-syllable language and have no tone. Because Gaoshan people have worked and lived with Han people for a long time, many Gaoshan people can also speak Minnan dialect.

Third, the production technology of Gaoshan nationality

Because Gaoshan people have been brutally ruled by foreign colonialists for a long time, their productivity has not been well developed, and the production development of Gaoshan people in various regions is also very uneven. The economic development level of Gaoshan nationality living in Pingpu area is almost the same as that of Han nationality. Agriculture in most areas where Ami and Atayal people live is very developed, but the economic development level of Gaoshan people living in mountainous areas, such as paiwan and Bunen people, is relatively backward. Hunting, fishing and gathering still remain, but they have always been in a secondary position in economic life, only as a legal auxiliary income in slack season. Gaoshan people living in mountainous areas have a universal barter.

In the long-term production practice, the Gaoshan nationality has formed a unique grass-roots organization-"society". She is a natural village, the small one is composed of one clan, and the big one is composed of several clans. Generally, there are several thousand large ones and 500 to 600 small ones, and democratic politics is practiced. Major issues are decided by the general meeting of the society. Community leaders include leaders, priests (or wizards) and elders. It is the highest authority in society. Leaders lead agriculture, fishing and hunting, adjudicate internal disputes and help priests organize sacrificial activities.

Most Gaoshan people take the clubhouse as the activity center of the club, and it is also the education and training place for male organizations. Age organization is a hierarchical system arranged in order of age within society. There are many differences in the age classification of each branch, which can be roughly divided into childhood, adolescence, adolescence, maturity and old age. All men should be divided into corresponding age groups and undertake a certain social division of labor. A promotion ceremony is held every few years. Starting from teenagers, basic training is carried out strictly according to gender. Men are trained in hunting and farming skills; Women are trained in textiles, housework and gathering. Once a man comes of age, he will hold a grand ceremony to be promoted to the youth level, enter the clubhouse for accommodation, and participate in collective labor and fighting. After the initiation ceremony, young people are recognized as full members of the tribe before they have the right to participate in social and political life.

Gaoshan people have many taboos in productive labor, daily life and sacrifice. During the harvest, you are not allowed to associate with foreigners, and you are not allowed to step into other people's fields without authorization. Men are not allowed to touch hemp when hunting, for fear of getting lost or getting hurt. Women are not allowed to touch men's shotguns and weapons, and men are not allowed to touch women's looms casually. Women are forbidden to use knives and axes after pregnancy, and are forbidden to eat apes, bobcats, pangolins and fruits.

Fourth, the religious beliefs of Gaoshan people.

The religious beliefs of Gaoshan people include soul worship, ancestor worship and totem worship. Gaoshan people generally believe that the soul will not die after death and will silently bless future generations. Therefore, the soul is generally regarded as a god, and the belief in God is mostly the worship of ancestors. Therefore, we regard ancestral teachings as providence and dare not violate them.

The Gaoshan people have different sacrificial activities in different areas, such as sowing, deworming and harvest in plain areas, hunting and fishing in mountainous areas and coastal areas.

Witchcraft is popular in Gaoshan nationality, and its divination methods include water, ladle and bird, and there are various forms of witchcraft books.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Gaoshan history

In 230 AD, Wu Sunquan sent Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to lead 10,000 people to Taiwan Province Province and brought back thousands of Gaoshan people.

1127 ——1279 The government of the Southern Song Dynasty attached Penghu to Jinyang County, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province.

1271-1294 Yuan The government sent people to Taiwan Province Province to set up a "Inspection Department" in Penghu, Taiwan Province Province.

161-1662 Zheng Chenggong marched into Taiwan Province province and regained Taiwan Province province in1662.

1683 Qing government unified Taiwan Province province.

1885 Taiwan Province province was established, and Liu Mingchuan was appointed as the governor of Taiwan Province province.

1895 "treaty of shimonoseki" ceded Taiwan Province Province to Japan, and the Gaoshan and Han nationalities in Taiwan Province Province dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders in the battle of cutting Taiwan.

1943 cairo conference issued a declaration confirming the return of Taiwan Province province and other places to China.

1945 Taiwan's recovery

1On February 28th, 947, the uprising broke out, and Gaoshan people all over the country took part in the struggle.

Sixth, Gaoshan literature.

In the historical process of national development, Gaoshan ethnic group created and circulated rich folk literature, mainly in two forms: folk songs and fairy tales.

The folk songs of Gaoshan nationality are very rich. The traditional folk songs of Gaoshan nationality are based on the theme of praising labor, ancestors, wedding and drinking, which simply and vividly shows the labor life and love-hate relationship of Gaoshan nationality. Modern Gaoshan folk songs mostly show productive labor and struggle, love and marriage, dance music and life songs, and miss hometown songs and nursery rhymes.

Fairy tales are an important part of Gaoshan folk literature. Because the social productivity level of Gaoshan people is relatively backward, people's understanding of nature is limited, and they often use imagination to explain natural phenomena and life phenomena, thus producing fairy tales. The mythical stories created by Gaoshan people mainly include: legends about the origin and customs of human beings; Legends about land struggle, social productive labor and natural phenomena; Legends of animals and plants, legends of historical origins between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland, Gaoshan nationality and Han nationality, etc. These fairy tales are passed down from mouth to mouth by the Gaoshan people and continue to this day.

Seven, mountain music

Gaoshan people like music and dance very much, and most of their music is accompanied by dance, played with the unique musical instruments of Gaoshan people.

The musical instruments of Gaoshan nationality mainly include mouthpiece, bamboo flute, nose flute and bow piano. The mouthpiece is about ten centimeters long and two or three centimeters wide. It is sliced with bamboo, with a slender hole in the middle. One end of the hole is inlaid with a very thin copper tongue, and the right end of the bamboo piece is tied with a thin rope. The left hand puts the convex surface on the mouth, and the right hand gently pulls the strings to vibrate the copper tongue to make a sound, which can be combined with breathing to form a melody. Nose flute is an instrument that is tied together with two bamboo flutes about 37 or 8 cm long and played through the nostrils. The bow is shaped like a Hu bow, and the bowstring is made of fibers that pick grass on the moon. The left hand grips the lower end, and the right thumb and forefinger fiddle with the bowstring to make a sound.

In the sacrificial activities, Gaoshan people gather together, singing and dancing to express their happy mood.

Eight, alpine dance

The folk songs and dances of Gaoshan nationality have a long history and have become an indispensable part of people's lives.

Gaoshan dance mainly simulates, reflects and reproduces the actions and scenes of fishing, hunting, farming and other production and life, and has a distinct original dance color. Its content is rich and colorful, and the form is mostly group dance. The number of people ranges from dozens to hundreds or even thousands. Often centered on the blazing bonfire, people drink in groups, sing and dance together when they are drunk, and everyone forms a circle hand in hand. Suddenly, they were "arm in arm" and "arm in arm", stamping their feet, jumping, shaking their bodies and waving their hands rhythmically. The scene was spectacular and warm. Common Gaoshan dances are:

Hand-in-hand dance: It is the most popular and representative dance form of Gaoshan people, and is usually called Alpine Dance. It is characterized by singing and dancing hand in hand.

Bongo: Gaoshan people have the habit of using Chu Jiu. Bangko showed such a labor scene. When dancing, women dressed in festive costumes, wearing flowers, holding Chu Jiu, singing and dancing, the rhythm from slow to fast, interesting to weave unique labor movements.

Hair dance: It is one of the unique dances of Yamei people. Generally, the number of participants is not limited, and those with long hair can do it. When dancing, women line up, arm in arm, touching their chests, stepping back and forth, slowly shaking their bodies and long hair. With the acceleration of music melody, the body and head swing more and more, and gradually enter a climax: forward, bend your knees, throw your long hair forward, then backward, straighten your waist and throw your hair up quickly. So back and forth, round and round. The flair dance, centered on the fluttering long black hair, contains strong primitive vitality and is deeply loved by the Gaoshan people.

Nine, the art of Gaoshan people

Gaoshan people are full of artistic creativity, and their handicrafts mainly include textile, bamboo weaving, rattan weaving, wood carving, carving, bamboo carving and pottery making. The woodcarving art in paiwan is quite exquisite, and cutting is a famous traditional craft. They can cut all kinds of vessels with national characteristics with only one knife.

Carving technology is more common in their daily life. There are round carvings and reliefs, as well as wired carvings, carved flowers and empty carvings. People, animals, flowers and other beautiful patterns are carved on some household appliances, decorations and musical instruments. Knife is rigid and delicate, full of natural interest, and the image is very vivid and realistic. Carved pots, screens, carved boards (a kind of panel in the house), armchairs, wooden pillows, wooden barrels, wooden spoons and pipes in paiwan. Clever decoration and exquisite carving. The carved columns dedicated to the ancestral "spirit house" are even more amazing. And beams, eaves, sills, etc. The carvings of houses are all exquisite, among which snake carvings are the most. The carvings on the elegant mermaid boat are also famous. The sides of the boat are carved with human figures and geometric patterns, which are very beautiful.

In terms of textiles, Gaoshan people have long known that ramie is woven into "fan cloth". The Atayal and Xia Serbs have the custom of "men use force and women use weaving" to determine their social status. Their spinning methods are basically the same, and they all have vertical spinning shafts, which are twisted by hand and wound on the shafts. Looms are all primitive flat waist looms. The two ends of the cloth clamping plate of the loom are hung on the waist of the weaver, and the ends of the warp yarns are wound around the tube or warp beam and supported by two pedals. Ami, Yami and Peinan people put two wooden posts in the ground and can mix warp boards without pedaling. But the cloth clamping board is still tied to the waist. Weavers sit on the ground or on stools and engage in knitting. According to traditional customs, women work in weaving huts, and men are not allowed to enter. Textiles mainly include white linen and white and brown parallel striped linen. Embroider and pick flowers on cloth to make various decorations.

Gaoshan women can not only weave linen with various colors and patterns, but also have many exquisite works in embroidery. Gaoshan people add embroidery to their clothes, trousers, chests and headscarves, with the most horizontal patterns and the most vivid colors.

X. entertainment of Gaoshan people

Stabbing rattan balls and swinging are popular recreational activities of Gaoshan Paiwan people. Rattan ball originated from "Five-year Festival", which is an important sacrifice to pray for ancestors' blessing. The priests and elders stood on the wooden frame of the high platform, threw the rattan ball high, pulled the long rope at the same time, and sang the name of the mascot symbolizing longevity and martial arts achievements. Young people hold spears and compete to stab each other. Every time he is stabbed, the audience will shout, and the stabbed person will be regarded as a hero and commended.

Swing is another recreational activity that young men and women actively participate in. When swinging, the girl sits on the rattan mat of the swing and ties a long rope for the boy to pull and manipulate, and the hatchback cooperates.

Eleven, Gaoshan costumes

The costumes of Gaoshan nationality pursue the diversification of colors and gorgeous styles. There are differences in Gaoshan costumes in different regions. Except for paiwan, there is not much difference in dress between leaders and people in other regions. Atayal and Xia Sai people wear shawls, vests and corsets on their upper bodies, and trousers and leggings on their lower bodies. Men's and women's clothing styles are different, and linen and cotton are the fabrics. Bunun people and Cao people have headcloth, leather vest, chest towel, Chinese-style chest covering, leg binding and so on. Women also have jackets and pants. In paiwan, men wear jackets similar to Chinese mandarin jackets, while women wear robes and aprons. A-mei men have long sleeves, short skirts, aprons, shawls and head cloths. The dress of young women is basically the same as that of men, except that the skirt is longer and there is baotou cloth. Yamei men wear double-breasted vests and thongs, while women wear aprons and slanted shirts from shoulder to armpit in addition to sleeveless tops.

In addition, Gaoshan men's wear is generally equipped with feather crown, horn crown and corolla. Generally, women of brotherly nationalities like to take flowers as the crown, while men of Gaoshan nationality take flowers as the crown, which can be said to be a feature. Men in some tribes also wear earrings, headdresses, foot ornaments, armbands and bracelets, which are colorful. The women's dresses of Gaoshan nationality are basically open-chested, and the skirts and sleeves are embroidered with exquisite and beautiful geometric patterns. This cardigan suit is suitable for subtropical climate, which can not only quickly dissipate heat and cool down, but also easily show the plump and solid figure of the upper body of the human body, making people feel lively, free and charming. Women wear knee-length shorts, beads, bracelets, gorgeous belts and garlands around their necks. Its hat is also very distinctive. Men wear rattan hats when they go up the mountain. There is a circular pattern on the top of the hat, which is a symbol of Yamei totem.

The men's and women's costumes of Gaoshan nationality are colorful and colorful. The most representative clothing is shell clothing, also called shell clothing. This kind of clothes is carved with shells or small round beads with holes, worn with hemp thread and sewn on the clothes according to horizontal lines. A beaded coat needs about 50,000 to 60,000 beads. In the past, it was usually used to make clothes for chiefs or heads of families. Take the current series as an example, the collarless sleeveless buttonless double-breasted gown is 100 cm long and 44 cm wide. With the original white linen woven with red patterns as the bottom, the whole body is covered with pearl strings polished and cut by shells, with more than 2,700 rows of about 80,000 pearls; The back is decorated with three rows of copper bell beads, each with four strings. Because there are many shells and beads, it takes a long time to make, so it is very valuable. Judging from the shape of shell clothes, the shell clothes of Atayal people are white and dazzling, and they are arranged neatly, giving people a pure and beautiful feeling. However, orange, yellow and green are the common colors of paiwan shell clothing. In recent years, some of them are mostly black and dark yellow, with more meticulous workmanship, more patterns and more delicate and transparent beads, showing the pursuit of gorgeous style. The ancient beaded clothes were flat and long, plain and obscure, but the locals took the ancient beaded clothes as precious and proud. This is related to the simple folk custom of ancestor worship. Shell clothing has a long history. Gong Yu, one of China's earliest geographical works, records that "the island is clothed with flowers, and the basket weaves shellfish". If you mean this shell coat, it has a history of more than two thousand years. Shell clothing can sometimes be used as currency, but it is more of an aesthetic appreciation value and a contribution of Gaoshan people to China culture.

Twelve, the diet of Gaoshan people

Gaoshan people usually have three meals a day, and in some areas they have two meals a day. The staple food is rice, millet and taro. Yamei lives on taro. In the production method of staple food, most Gaoshan people like to cook rice or steam glutinous rice and corn flour into cakes and cakes.

Alpine vegetables come from a wide range, most of which are planted and a small amount is collected. Common ones are pumpkin, leek, radish, cabbage, potato, beans, pepper, ginger and various wild vegetables. Gaoshan people generally love to eat ginger, and some directly use ginger dipped in salt as a dish; Some are pickled with salt and pepper.

The source of meat mainly depends on pigs, cows and chickens. Fishing and hunting are also a supplement to daily meat in many areas, especially the Gaoshan people who live in the mountains. Captured prey is almost the main source of daily meat. Gaoshan people like to eat sticky millet cakes, while paiwan likes to mix peanuts, animal meat and sticky millet, and roll them up with leaves and steam them.

Gaoshan people used to drink neither boiled water nor tea. Atayal people like to drink cold water soaked in ginger or pepper. It is said that this drink has the effect of treating abdominal pain. I used to hunt in the mountains and also had the habit of drinking animal blood.

Gaoshan people like wine except Yamei people, and generally drink their own brewed rice wine, such as millet wine, rice wine and potato wine. Whenever there are weddings, births, celebrations, building houses, farming, fishing and hunting, and sacrifices, they usually make wine first and get together for a carnival. Traditional wine vessels include ladle, bamboo tube, wooden spoon, wooden cup, pottery altar and pottery cup. Paiwan's wooden cups are very distinctive. Adult men and women in Amei and paiwan also like to chew betel nuts.

XIII. Residence of Gaoshan Nationality

The houses of Gaoshan people living in mountainous areas are mostly wooden houses with thatched roofs. In some areas, the windows are one or two feet lower than the ground, and the windows are one or two feet square. Paiwan area is mostly stone houses with long slates as roofs. The indoor industry mostly uses long slate to pave the floor. Most of Yamei's houses are built on the hillside near the coast. In order to prevent storms, thick wooden boards are used as walls, pebbles are used as external walls, and thatch is used as roofs.

In addition, Gaoshan people also have barns, barns and warehouses where sundries are piled up. There are also special meeting places in Amei, Paiwan and Coss.

Fourteen Marriage and love of Gaoshan nationality

Gaoshan people practice strict monogamy, and close relatives do not get married. Young men and women in Amei, Atayal and paiwan have the freedom to fall in love. They usually choose their partners in productive labor, and they can also get the opportunity to fall in love openly in song and dance activities, but they can only get married with their parents' consent. In Bunun and Cao areas, the marriage of young men and women is arranged by their parents. Some people in Xia Sai practice exchange marriage, and some people in some areas also practice fingering marriage.

There are no clear regulations on the marriage age of young men and women of Gaoshan nationality in various regions. Generally speaking, in the Atayal, Bunun and Coss regions, men reached adulthood at the age of seventeen or eighteen and became familiar with agriculture and hunting. Gaoshan women are fifteen or sixteen years old, and they can get married only after they have mastered the skills of weaving. Amei is different from other Gaoshan people. After marriage, a man must be adopted by his wife's family and can't return to his home until he has children.

Fifteen, Gaoshan funeral

After the death of Gaoshan people, they should dress the deceased in their favorite clothes. There is no coffin, but there is a fixed cemetery. The dead are not allowed to worship their ancestors, and most of them are buried on the spot. After the death of Gaoshan people, their families should eat coarse grains and wear plain clothes to mourn. The mourning period varies from person to person and depends on the relationship with the deceased. If one spouse dies, the other spouse must wait until the mourning period is over before marrying the other.

Sixteen, Gaoshan Festival

Gaoshan people are uninhibited and like to hold banquets and song and dance parties on festivals or festive days. Every festival, pigs and old cows should be slaughtered, and a banquet should be given to give wine. The most representative foods of Gaoshan banquet guests are cakes and bazan made of various glutinous rice. It can be used not only as a holiday snack, but also as a sacrifice. And cooked glutinous rice to entertain guests.

Since ancient times, Gaoshan people have had the habit of holding various sacrificial activities, most of which are closely related to production, such as ancestor worship, valley worship, mountain worship, hunting worship, wedding worship, harvest worship and so on. Whenever a large-scale ceremony is held, the Gaoshan people will hold a grand song and dance rally, and these ceremonies have also become festivals of the Gaoshan people.

Among the festivals of Gaoshan people, the "Harvest Festival" is the most grand. "Harvest Festival" is also a harvest festival, and Xiaomi Festival or Harvest Festival is held once a year. At that time, in addition to banquet offerings, it was accompanied by various cultural and sports activities. On festivals, people wear festive costumes, women wear hand bells and bracelets, beads are hung around their necks, flowers are inserted at noon, men wear a string of bronze bells around their waists, and people come to the scene with an altar of wine, dancing around the bonfire, eating and drinking, and celebrating the harvest of a year's labor, even staying up all night.

Scientific achievements

In the long-term historical development, the Gaoshan people have also nurtured a unique national culture of science and technology. However, due to the long-term oppression by foreign invaders, the social development of Gaoshan nationality is slow and unbalanced, and the characteristics of primitive culture have been preserved to a great extent.

Thousands of years ago in the Neolithic Age, Gaoshan ancestors invented textile technology in their labor practice. Gaoshan people twist hemp into thread and then weave it into cloth with a simple loom. In textile, the methods of spinning and weaving are basically the same everywhere, but the tools are slightly different. Among the northern Atayal and Xia Sai people, there is a custom that women decide their social status through textile.

The master's mind

Alu(？ -1874), leader of Gaoshan people in the Peony Society of Langya, southern Taiwan Province Province. 1874, when American and Japanese troops landed in Langya, more than 30 Alu and his son died heroically.

1844 After China and the United States signed the Wang Xia Treaty, the United States was eager to find a stronghold for further aggression near Chinese mainland, so it invaded Taiwan Province Province by force, but failed under the resistance of the people in Taiwan Province Province. 1874, with the covert support of the United States, the Japanese invaded Taiwan Province Province under the pretext, and the hometown where Alu and his son lived for generations became a battlefield. In April, Japanese troops invaded Langlang and burned down the village. The Gaoshan people in Peony Society unite as one. Under the command of Alu and his son, they took advantage of the terrain to deal a heavy blow to the enemy, killing more than 500 people with their original weapons. In the battle of Shimenguan, Alu and his son and more than 30 people died heroically, giving their precious lives to fight against the invaders. The achievements and spirit of the Gaoshan people led by Alu and his son against the Japanese aggressors have always been remembered by the people who were not raped.

Mona. Rod (? -1930), the leader of Gaoshan nationality in Taiwan Province province, led the Gaoshan people to fight against the Japanese invaders with their two sons in the Wushe Uprising in Taiwan Province province in 1930, and died heroically in the battle.

1894 The Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894 ended in the defeat of the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing government was forced to cede Taiwan Province Province. 1In June, 895, Japan sent the first "governor" of Taiwan Province Province to take office, and from then on, it began the cruel rule of Japanese imperialism over Taiwan Province Province for 50 years. Mona. Luo Dao is the leader of Mahanbo Society of Gaoshan nationality, and is also a prestigious and influential tribal leader among the tribes of Wushe. The bloody rule of the Japanese invaders in Taiwan Province Province made the resistance struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in Taiwan Province Province surging. In this context, the Wushe Uprising that shocked the eastern world broke out. The uprising lasted for two months, killing and injuring more than 4000 Japanese aggressors. The Japanese army dispatched planes one after another and used gas bombs to suppress the insurgents. Finally, more than 800 uprising soldiers died heroically. Luo Dao and his son also gave their precious lives to fight against foreign aggression. Mona. The Gaoshan people's uprising led by Luo Dao and his son won the care and sympathy of the people of all ethnic groups in the motherland and the sympathy and praise of the people of the world. Mona. The names of Luo Dao and his son are as famous as the Five Societies Uprising.