Application of GIS in the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation

Cultivated land resources are the foundation of human survival and development. With the further deepening of reform and opening up, the process of urbanization is accelerating, various non-agricultural industries are developing, the demand for construction land and cultivated land is increasing, and the contradiction between man and land is becoming increasingly acute. Protecting cultivated land has become an overall strategic issue for the sustainable development of economy and society. To this end, China has established the basic national policy of "cherishing land, rationally utilizing land and effectively protecting cultivated land". The Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China also clearly stipulates that if non-agricultural construction is approved to occupy cultivated land, the unit occupying cultivated land shall be responsible for reclaiming cultivated land equivalent to the quantity and quality of cultivated land occupied in accordance with the principle of "how much is occupied".

The balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation is an important provision made by the state in the form of law to ensure China's food security, and it is the fundamental system to realize China's basic national policy of cultivated land protection. Refers to the city and county people's governments, rural collective economic organizations, construction units and other provisions in accordance with the law. Through land development, land reclamation, land consolidation and other measures, compensation and non-agricultural construction occupies the same amount and quality of cultivated land. It contains the following meanings: first, it refers to the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation, that is, the amount of supplementary cultivated land is not less than the amount of cultivated land occupied by non-agricultural construction; Second, it refers to the quality balance of cultivated land, that is, under the premise of realizing the quantitative balance, it is guaranteed that the production capacity of new cultivated land is not lower than that of occupied cultivated land; The third is the ecological balance of cultivated land, that is, to ensure the sustainable utilization of land resources. The development of reserve land resources should aim at establishing a benign land ecosystem and avoid unilaterally pursuing the increase of cultivated land area and destroying the ecological environment. Therefore, the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation is a comprehensive concept of the coordination and unity of cultivated land quantity, quality, region, ecology, structure and time. Among them, the quantity balance is the most intuitive and easy to operate.

At present, the main measure to realize the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation in China is to implement the system of occupation and compensation, and replenish cultivated land in time by strictly controlling the conversion of agricultural land and land development, consolidation and reclamation. However, there are also some problems in actual operation: First, there is a deviation in understanding the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation. The balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation should include the balance of cultivated land quantity, quality and ecology, which should be coordinated and unified with each other. Due to subjective or objective reasons, people have misunderstood the connotation of the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation at this stage. They simply understand the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation as the balance of cultivated land quantity, but ignore the balance of quality and ecology, which leads to people's behavior deviation. In practice, there is a phenomenon that one-sided emphasis on the quantity of cultivated land can not guarantee the quality of reclamation. Second, the operability of realizing the quality balance of cultivated land is poor. Although article 3 1 of the Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation in principle, it requires that the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation should be balanced in quantity and quality at the same time. However, in practice, due to the lack of perfect standards to measure and judge the quality of cultivated land and the lack of agricultural land quality inspection mechanism, the balance of cultivated land quality is extremely operability and subjective, and even if the balance of cultivated land quantity is achieved, the quality of newly added cultivated land is often not guaranteed. The third is the short-term behavior and superficial behavior of the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation. In the management system of our government, there are strict management rules and performance evaluation system, and local governments are driven by performance effect, which is easy to breed short-term behavior of land use. In the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation, blind pursuit of quantitative balance often makes good cultivated land resources and other resources become the victims of their political achievements. The inevitable result of the short-term balance of occupation and compensation is the blind and rapid reclamation of land, which has caused great damage to the ecological environment, which is quite different from the original intention of the balance of occupation and compensation to realize the sustainable use of cultivated land. In fact, this is also a concentrated reflection of the one-sided emphasis on quantity balance and the neglect of development quality in the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation in recent years, and it is a typical example of the negative effects brought by the balance of cultivated land quantity. It can be seen that the core problem of the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation is to increase the quality measurement standard and inspection mechanism of newly added cultivated land while emphasizing the balance of quantity.

In order to establish the quality measurement standard and inspection mechanism of newly-increased cultivated land and realize the dynamic balance between the quantity and quality of cultivated land, Fujian Province has carried out the following two tasks by using the results of agricultural land (cultivated land) classification.

(a) to carry out the basic research work of converting the quantity and quality of supplementary cultivated land into grades.

In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of "Decision of the State Council on Deepening Reform and Strict Land Management" (Guo Fa [2004] No.28) and "Notice of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Carrying out the Basic Work of Converting the Quantity and Quality of Supplementary Cultivated Land" (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2005]128), we will strictly implement the compensation system for occupying cultivated land, prevent more occupation and less compensation, and ensure the balance of occupation and compensation of cultivated land. According to the deployment and work requirements of the Ministry of Land and Resources, Fujian Province organized the conversion of the quantity and quality of supplementary cultivated land from July 2005 to April 2006.

The quantity and quality of supplementary cultivated land are converted by grades, which is based on the principle that the comprehensive agricultural production capacity is not reduced, and the quantity and quality of supplementary cultivated land are linked with the grade of occupied cultivated land by using the results and methods of grading conversion of agricultural land (cultivated land) to achieve the balance between quantity and quality of cultivated land. The transformation of quantity and quality of supplementary cultivated land according to grades is mainly based on "taking one to make up one" to improve the grade of supplementary cultivated land. Due to the influence of natural conditions and other factors, the level of supplementary cultivated land can not reach the level of occupied cultivated land, and the area of supplementary cultivated land can be increased through grade conversion.

The quantity and quality of supplementary cultivated land are converted according to grades, forming a conversion coefficient table of Fujian Province, which is determined after the national comprehensive balance.

(two) to carry out the pilot work of converting the quantity and quality of supplementary cultivated land.

In order to test the basic work results of grade conversion, further improve the conversion technology system and the preliminary design specifications of land development and consolidation projects, and study and summarize the conversion operation methods and the related work of the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation after conversion, according to the requirements of the Notice on Carrying out the Pilot Work of Graded Conversion of the Quantity and Quality of Supplementary Cultivated Land (issued by the Ministry of Land and Resources 14 1No.), Fujian Province from September 2007 to 2008,

In the pilot work of changing the level of cultivated land quantity and quality, nine districts and cities were selected as pilot areas, and 15 construction land projects (including six separate site selection projects and nine urban construction projects) approved by the provincial government were selected as pilot projects. The experimental work was carried out in two ways: "supplement while occupying" and "supplement before occupying", and went through three stages: scheme preparation, data investigation, collection and analysis, and subject research. After the pilot work, the application of the conversion coefficient of the pilot project, the optimal design of the supplementary cultivated land project and the balance between the quantity and quality of the supplementary cultivated land and the cultivated land production capacity were carefully summarized. The Report on the Pilot Work of the Quantity and Quality Conversion of Supplementary Cultivated Land in Fujian Province, the Technical Summary of the Pilot Work of the Quantity and Quality Conversion of Supplementary Cultivated Land in Fujian Province, the Measures for the Evaluation of Cultivated Land for Land Development and Reclamation Projects in Fujian Province, the land examination and approval procedures and the compilation of basic data after the implementation of the quantitative and quality conversion of supplementary cultivated land have been formed, laying a foundation for the comprehensive implementation of the quantitative and quality conversion of supplementary cultivated land in Fujian Province in the future.