Traditional festivals of Jinuo people

Introduce the main festivals of Jinuo nationality. Jinuo people call themselves Jinuo people, which means "descendants of my uncle" or "people who respect my uncle". It is mainly distributed in Jinuo Township, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and the rest are scattered in the surrounding mountainous areas of Jinuo Township. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the population of Jinuo nationality is 20899. Mainly engaged in agriculture, good at growing tea. Use Jino language, belonging to Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Jinuo people have their own language, belonging to the Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman language family. Because there are no words, we used to record things by carving bamboo and wood. There is no national script.

Jinuo is an ancient nation. Jinuo is a self-proclaimed nation. In the past, Chinese transliteration was Youle, which means to follow my uncle, and extended to a nation that respects my uncle. /kloc-0 was recognized as the 56th ethnic group in China in June, 1979.

The Jinuo township used to be called Jinuo Mountain, and the Qing Dynasty literature wrote amusement mountain, all of which were named after Jinuo, indicating that Jinuo was an ancient local resident. China's record of Jinuo people began in18th century. Because Jinuo Mountain is rich in Pu 'er tea, and Han merchants entered in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the popularization of tea-growing and tea-making technology has had an impact on the social development of Jinuo people. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), the Qing Dynasty set up a brick city in Stone Road (now Situzhai) in Jinuo Mountain, with 500 troops stationed. It wanted to build an important town in southern Yunnan here, but it was abolished six years later because of serious miasma. Since then, only the leaders of the Jino nationality have been appointed here as a happy place. Later, Dai Tusi ruled Mount Keno. During the period of the Republic of China, * * * local * * appointed chief Jiabao in Jinuo Mountain, and the chief and the Jino chief appointed by Dai Tusi merged into one, whose main duty was to collect tribute for * * * local * *. 194 1 June to1April, 943, Jinuo people, under the leadership of Cao Yao, United the Hani, Yao and Han people and fought bravely against the local army. ? The rite of passage is a traditional social festival of Jinuo people. Jinuo people think that young men and women are not mature in mind and body until they are fifteen or sixteen years old, and they cannot bear and enjoy the obligations and rights of commune members. Torch Festival is an annual traditional festival of Jinuo people. It is held in June of the lunar calendar every year. Before the festival, Zhuoba (the father of the village) and Zhuosheng (the mother of the village) sent people up the mountain to cut down pines and cypresses and spread the cut branches in the village? Kote Festival is a traditional festival of Jino people, which is held from February 6 to 8. Besides killing pigs and sheep, people also hold colorful folk sports activities, knocking on the sun drum and singing? The New Rice Festival is also called "New Rice". Every year in July and August of the lunar calendar, when the grain is about to mature, Jinuo people will collect some newly-grown millet, vegetables and melon beans from the fields, kill some chickens and invite relatives and friends? Good luck and early Jinuo folk traditional festivals. Hausi is the transliteration of Keno, which means eating new rice or tasting new things. This festival coincides with the Year of the Tiger, and the rice is just ripe. Before the festival, the men gathered in the village? Tiejie Jinuo Folk Festival. Temao is also a phonetic translation of Keno, which means Chinese New Year while the iron is hot. This festival usually lasts for three days. According to folklore, a woman was pregnant for 9 years before the end of September, and then her son lost his mother. This is an anniversary in memory of Amar Bai Yao, the founder of Keno. It is usually held in June and lasts for three days. Ama Bai Yao created Jinuo people and their mountains, rivers, sun and moon, animals and plants. Finally? Dragon Boat Festival Jinuo Sacrifice Festival. Dragon Boat Festival sacrifices dragons and dragons. July is the day in dragon festival. The Dragon Sacrifice was held on 13 day after the Dragon Sacrifice. Sacrificial ceremonies are all carried out by villages.

What are Keno festivals? Jinuo people used to worship their ancestors and believe in animism. There are two kinds of wizards, one is Brabao and the other is Magic Skin. In case of disaster, please ask the wizard to slaughter cows, pigs, chickens and dogs to sacrifice to ghosts and gods. Wizards know relatively simple divination and are also herbalists. When "Zhuoba" and "Zhuosheng" (village head) preside over major sacrificial activities, they often hold cattle hunting ceremonies.

There are many festivals of Jinuo people, such as "Sacrificing the Dragon", "Torch Festival" and "New Rice Festival". The time of Chinese New Year is not fixed, and it is generally decided by Zhuoba and Zhuosheng. When Zhuoba plays the drums, it means that the new year is coming. Men, women and children in the village flock to Zhuoba and Zhuosheng's house to sing and dance to celebrate the arrival of the new year.

Traditional Festival Customs in Xishuangbanna: Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province has the only tropical rain forest nature reserve in China, and Dai people have lived in Banna for generations. Due to its proximity to Thailand, Myanmar and other Buddhist countries, Hinayana Buddhism is deeply rooted in people's hearts here, and Buddhist temples and pagodas full of Southeast Asian customs can be seen everywhere. Dai people are basically devout Buddhists. Jinuo taboo: Jinuo people have many unwritten taboos, such as: cooking muntjac head must be done after women sleep, and lying-in women can't eat it in copper pots or iron pots. Hani custom taboo: In the Hani cottage, when relatives, friends or guests visit, the host and hostess at home will take the initiative to go out and warmly welcome them and help the guests take off their bags and other things. Yi customs taboo: avoid swearing in front of everyone; When there are patients in the Yi family, it is forbidden to say things like death or injury.

Don't say "kill pig", say "catch pig" or "take pig". Don't touch the young monk's head: when the monk is practicing in the temple, he is not allowed to talk and laugh with women, and outsiders are not allowed to touch the young monk's head. If an outsider (especially a woman) touches it too much, it will be regarded as an enemy. The young monk's self-cultivation time is invalid and he must start from scratch. Therefore, if foreign tourists visit temples, they must remember this custom.

Traditional festivals of 56 ethnic groups in China

1, Achang nationality

Achang people mostly live in Yunnan, which is one of the earliest ethnic groups in China. Huijie, a tradition of Achang nationality, is held in the middle of September of the lunar calendar every year. Achang people believe in Hinayana Buddhism, and Huijie is a religion. The main religious festivals include entering the depression (closing the door), leaving the depression (opening the door), burning white firewood, water splashing festival and so on. In addition to religious festivals, there are many traditional festivals unique to this nation. For example, Torch Festival, Varo Festival, Flower Watering Festival and Spring Festival. White elephant shooting is a traditional festival of Achang nationality.

2. De 'ang nationality

The traditional folk festivals of De 'ang mainly include Water-splashing Festival, Closing Festival, Opening Festival and burning white firewood, which are mostly related to Buddhist activities. De 'ang people also have ceremonies such as ancestor worship hall, village gods, land gods, dragons and girls, among which Dragon Boat Festival is the most interesting. Religious festivals include "Entering the Depression" (Closing the Door), which is the largest pure fasting festival for devout Buddhists.

3. Dongxiang nationality

Dongxiang people, like other ethnic groups with religious beliefs, have three major festivals every year, namely Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Holy Day.

4. Dong nationality

The dates of Dong traditional festivals vary from place to place. The main festivals are wedding festival, bridging festival, ox festival, eating new things festival, fireworks festival and so on.

5. Bai nationality

Bai people have many traditional festivals. March Street, with a history of thousands of years, is the biggest festival of Bai people every year, and now it is named March Street National Festival. And "Torch Festival" (also known as Chinese Valentine's Day) and other national festivals have distinctive features. Other major festivals include New Year's Day, Three Spirits Festival, Torch Festival, Sea Opera and Sun Worship. Like the Han nationality, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are also celebrated.

6.Dulong people

The only traditional festival (Dulong language: Kakwa) is also related to religion. Kakwa is held on a certain day of the twelfth lunar month every year, and the specific time is decided by each family or family. The length of the festival usually depends on how much food is prepared. During the festival, people will hold ceremonies of offering sacrifices to mountain gods, singing and dancing.

7. Russians

Russian traditional national festivals are mainly related to religious beliefs. Russians celebrate Christmas every year on the Gregorian calendar 65438+10.7 to commemorate the birth of Jesus.

8. Oroqen nationality

There are not many traditional festivals of Oroqen nationality, only the Spring Festival, the clan's "Mokun" meeting, the religious activity "Ominaren" and the bonfire party. The main festival is the Lunar New Year.

June 18 every year is the traditional festival of Oroqen nationality-bonfire party. On this day, Oroqen people will light bonfires, sing and dance to celebrate their national festivals.

9. Bulang nationality

The most distinctive festivals are: New Year's Day, offering sacrifices to gods, washing cattle's feet and so on.

10, Ewenki nationality

The Ewenki people, whether herders, hunters or farmers, take the Lunar New Year as their main festival. On the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, there will be a sacrifice to Vulcan. Pastoral areas will hold the "Mikulu" Festival on May 22nd, which is actually a festival evolved from production activities. On this day, it is necessary to count the number of livestock, trim and brand horses. On the fifth day of May, people pick mugwort leaves and put them on their heads, and go to the river to wash their faces and bathe for health. There is also "Aobao Sacrifice" in pastoral areas, which is a festival evolved from religious sacrifices, and horse racing and other activities are to be held. 1 1, Gaoshan nationality

1 1 Gaoshan nationality

There are many festivals of Gaoshan nationality. Most of their traditional festivals are strongly religious. Harvest Festival, also known as Harvest Festival, Harvest Festival, Harvest Festival, etc. , equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han nationality, is the biggest festival of Gaoshan nationality.

12, Gelao nationality

Sacrificing mountains, eating new dishes and celebrating the New Year are the three major festivals celebrated by the Gelao people everywhere. The Spring Festival is the biggest festival for the Gelao people. October 1st of the lunar calendar is the traditional festival of the Gelao nationality "Niuwang Festival", which is a unique folk festival of the Gelao nationality.

13, Korean nationality

Its festivals are basically the same as those of the Han nationality. The Korean people have five major festivals, which are still celebrated grandly. These five festivals are: Yuanri (Spring Festival), Shangyuan (Lantern Festival), Cold Food (Tomb-Sweeping Day), Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Koreans have a long tradition of respecting the elderly. As early as in Lee's Korea (1392- 19 10), September 9th was designated as Comfort Day for the Elderly. There are also three family festivals, namely, the baby's first birthday, the family festival (60th birthday) and the wedding festival (60th wedding anniversary).

14, Li nationality

The festivals of the Li nationality are closely related to the calendar of the Li nationality. Before liberation, most festivals of the Li nationality used the lunar calendar in neighboring Han areas and areas where Li and Han nationalities lived together. The festivals were the same as those of the Han nationality, such as Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Dragon Boat Festival. As far as Li nationality is concerned, the most grand and common festivals are Spring Festival and March 3rd.

15, Lisu nationality (all four tones of Lisu nationality)

The main festivals are the opening season and the torch ... >>

What festivals do Jinuo people have? What festivals do Hani people have? What festivals do Jingpo people have? When "Zhuoba" and "Zhuosheng" (village head) preside over major sacrificial activities, they often hold cattle hunting ceremonies. There are many festivals of Jinuo people, such as "Sacrificing the Dragon", "Torch Festival" and "New Rice Festival". The time of Chinese New Year is not fixed, and it is generally decided by Zhuoba and Zhuosheng. When Zhuoba plays the drums, it means that the new year is coming. Men, women and children in the village flock to Zhuoba and Zhuosheng's house to sing and dance to celebrate the arrival of the new year.

Hani festivals include October, June, the New Rice Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival.

The festivals of Jingpo nationality include traditional Munao Zongge Festival, Xinmi Festival, Pumpkin Festival, stereotyped writing Festival and Young Immortal Festival.

What are the traditional festivals in China? Torch Festival is an ancient traditional festival of Yi, Bai, Naxi, Jinuo and Lahu nationalities, which has profound folk culture connotation and is called "Oriental Carnival". Different ethnic groups hold Torch Festivals at different times, mostly on June 24th of the lunar calendar. The main activities are bullfighting, goat shooting, cockfighting, horse racing, wrestling, song and dance performances, beauty contests and so on.

There are many Tibetan festivals, almost every month, with folk festivals and religious festivals interspersed with each other. Among the traditional festivals, Tibetan New Year, Bath Festival, Snow Festival and Fruit Festival are the largest and most distinctive. In addition, there are Dama Festival, Flower Festival, Shangjiu Festival, Langzha Rejia Festival, Russian Happiness Festival, Luo Rang Flower Festival, Bathing Festival, Ghost Exorcism Festival, Wave Festival, Butter Festival, Fruit Festival, Mountain Crossing Festival, etc.

Traditional festivals of Yi people and ethnic minorities

Torch Festival: June 24th to 25th, customs: lighting torches, wrestling, bullfighting, singing and dancing.

Flower Arrangement/Singing Festival: On the eighth day of February, custom: collect azaleas and plant them everywhere. Young men and women dress up and dance with their left feet.

Secret Festival: the eighth day of February, custom: offering sacrifices to dragon trees and having a picnic.

Dragon Boat Festival: the eighth day of February, custom: Lusheng dance.

Clothing Competition Day: March 28th Custom: Clothing Competition

March meeting: March 28th, custom: market, dancing.

Bai (ba)

March Street: March 14 to 16, customs: material exchange, horse racing, dragon boat racing, singing and dancing.

Around the Three Spirits: April 23 to 25, custom: go around the mountain, worship ancestors, jump the whip of the overlord and inspire octagonal.

Torch Festival: June 25th, custom: exorcise evil spirits and seek happiness, and pray for a bumper harvest.

Main festivals: different dates, customs: offering sacrifices to the Lord, chanting and singing, burning incense and kowtowing, singing and dancing, playing and competing, etc.

Shi Baoshan Song Festival: the third day of July and August, custom: playing and singing Bai love songs.

Miao ethnic group

Huashan Festival: 1 3rd, customs: singing, dancing lusheng and climbing flower poles.

Naxi language

Milla club/baseball club: May 15, custom: horse racing and farm tools exhibition.

Sacrifice to heaven: the festival period is uncertain, and the custom is: pray for prosperity in the new year, eliminate disasters and ward off evil spirits

Mule and horse convention: March and July, custom: livestock trading.

Three festivals: the eighth day of February, customs: horse racing, "Li Ali" jumping and picnicking.

July meeting: in mid-July, custom: big livestock trading, singing.

Mosuo

Mountain God Festival: July 25th, custom: worship the goddess, dance, shoot arrows, and make friends with Asha.

Jingpo

Song of Eyes and Brain: 1 month15th, custom: dancing.

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Birthday of Buddha: April 1 day -4.

Divine dance: Tibetan New Year's Eve, custom: Divine dance program.

Jockey Club: On the fifth day of May, customs: pitch tents, have picnics, entertain guests and race horses.

Enlightenment Day:1October 25th.

Duanyang Festival: the fifth day of May, customs: horse racing, pot dance, string dance, picnic.

Snowdon Festival: the end of June and the beginning of July in Tibetan calendar. Custom: Bathe in Buddha's light, dance Tibetan opera and cross Karin.

Cloth (BY)

Niuwang Festival: April 8, custom: eat Niuwang cake, feed cows, sing and dance.

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Water-splashing Festival, custom: singing and dancing, dragon boat racing, splashing water and flying high.

Flower picking festival, custom: picking flowers and offering sacrifices to Buddha.

Dragon Boat Festival: January in the solar calendar, custom: offering sacrifices to the dragon god.

Hani ethnic group

Zarizo: 1 month 1 day, customs: ancestor worship, singing, swinging and banquet.

February is the Year of the Loong. Custom: offering sacrifices to mountains, ancestors and social forests.

New rice festival: the first and second dragon days in August. Custom: Taste new things, offer sacrifices to heaven and relatives.

Kuzaza: June, custom: singing and dancing, offering sacrifices to the gods.

October: October, custom: ancestor worship, street banquet.

Girls' Day: February 2nd, customs: picnic, singing and dancing.

Mother's Day: The first day of March is the Year of the Ox. Custom: Sacrifice to mother and sing songs of missing mother.

Zhuang people

Dragon Festival: March, custom: material exchange, young men and women singing and socializing.

Wazu

Knife and pole festival: February 8, custom: jumping on the knife mountain.

Singing contest: the twelfth lunar month or the first day of the first month, customs: singing contest and bathing.

Bathroom party: Spring Festival, custom: shower and make friends.

***

Eid al-Fitr: the first day of the month of Muhalan, customs: worship, giving "oil incense" and so on.

Eid al-Adha: Back to December, customs: group worship, slaughtering cattle and sheep, etc.

Lahu people

Hulu Festival: October, custom: Lusheng dance, material exchange,

Expansion Festival: the first day of the first month, customs: collecting fresh water, dancing lusheng and hunting.

Sacrifice to the sun god: establish a summer day, custom: worship the gods and pray for a good year.

Department of Veterans Affairs

On the twelfth day of the twelfth lunar month, customs: pulling wooden drums, racing cattle and dancing.

Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of the patriarchal clan society in ancient China)

Wang Pan Festival: May 29th, custom: ancestor worship, singing and dancing.

Pumi

Turn the mountain: May 5, custom: turn the mountain, sing and dance, fire a gun.

Achang

Huijie: On September 15th, customs: playing with dragons, dancing with white elephants and dancing with drums like feet.

Jino (JN)

Sacrifice: March, custom: drum dance, bamboo pole top.

Sui dynasty

Festival: from late August to early October, custom: bronze drum dance, singing to find someone.

Delong

Kakwa: In the twelfth lunar month, custom: running cows, offering sacrifices to heaven, jumping over pots and pans and inviting guests to each other.

Aihuazu

Yekuza: In June, customs: swing, dance and have dinner.

Female (female)

Flower Festival: March 15, custom: picking flowers to worship fairies.

Nu nationality year: the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month. Customs: archery, shooting stone targets, singing (guessing boxing), swinging, dancing, etc.

the Mongol nationality

The traditional festivals in Mongolia mainly include the Lunar New Year, and the Mongolian language is "Chagan Saren", that is, Bai Yue. Mongolian New Year Festival, also called "White Festival" or "Bai Yue", is closely related to the whiteness of milk. In addition, there are Nadam, Horse Milk Festival and so on.

Korean nation

Its festival ... >>

Important festivals in Jinuo customs and habits

Jinuo people used to worship their ancestors and believe in animism. There are two kinds of wizards, one is Brabao and the other is Magic Skin. In case of disaster, please ask the wizard to slaughter cows, pigs, chickens and dogs to sacrifice to ghosts and gods. Wizards know relatively simple divination and are also herbalists. When "Zhuoba" and "Zhuosheng" (village head) preside over major sacrificial activities, they often hold cattle hunting ceremonies. There are many festivals of Jinuo people, such as "Sacrificing the Dragon", "Torch Festival" and "New Rice Festival". The time of Chinese New Year is not fixed, and it is generally decided by Zhuoba and Zhuosheng. When Zhuoba plays the drums, it means that the new year is coming. Men, women and children in the village flock to Zhuoba and Zhuosheng's house to sing and dance to celebrate the arrival of the new year.

Social customs and habits

Men wear a white collarless double-breasted cotton coat with a round colored light pattern embroidered on the back and wide cotton white trousers; The woman wears a cape-shaped pointed hat, a short jacket with 7 colors of decorative patterns with double-breasted collarless buttons, a triangular pocket with round silver ornaments on the chest, and a short skirt with black and white plane and edges on the lower part. The staple food of Jinuo people is rice, and the accompanying foods are mainly wild vegetables, wild fruits, fungi and their own vegetables and fruits collected by women. Meat is mainly cattle, pigs, dogs and chickens, and animals hunted by humans are also the main sources of meat. Jinuo houses used to be "dry-fence" bamboo buildings. With the improvement of people's living standards, they began to gradually replace thatched bamboo buildings with strong and fire-resistant wooden columns and stone bricks.

The marriage of Jinuo people is monogamous. They are free to fall in love before marriage and rarely divorce after marriage. There are still some remnants of pairing marriage and group marriage in the past. Young Jino men and women are eligible to fall in love only after holding a "rite of passage". Singing in labor, using leaves as letters to agree on the time and place to meet; After two people hit it off, they can live together. Weddings are usually held after the birth of the first child. When a wedding is held, the elders must come in person. The bride went home five days after her marriage and went back to the man's parents' house for a few days.

Funerals of Jinuo people are usually buried in the earth, with a piece of wood dug out as a coffin and buried in a public cemetery, leaving no graves. The whole set of articles for production and daily use of the deceased was sacrificed, and the rich man also buried a silver copper pot. There is a bamboo building on the tomb table, and there is a bamboo table inside. The family of the deceased went to the bamboo house to provide meals three times a day, 1-3 years, and then the bamboo house was demolished. Because there are few public cemeteries, which cannot be expanded at will, Jinuo people have the custom of burying new coffins in the graves of their predecessors. Dead pregnant women and mental patients should be cremated. Jino couples are not buried together.

Others ~ ~

Culture and art

The culture and art of Jinuo nationality are colorful, and there are rich myths, legends, stories and poems circulating among the people. Among the myths and legends, Ma Hei, Ma Niu and the female ancestor Bai Yao are widely circulated. The former narrates the origin of Jinuo nationality, the story of flood and the marriage of brother and sister. The latter narrates that Bai Yao planted tea seeds in Jinuo Mountain after the beginning of the world, which made Jinuo people grow tea for a living. Folk stories include two boys who reflect pure love, Bao Dao and bamboo flute who reflect good deeds and evil deeds, monkeys and people, elder sister and four sisters. Jinuo poetry can be divided into narrative poetry and lyric poetry, which reflect a wide range of content, implicit and true style and rich flavor of life.

Jinuo folk music is also quite rich. Folk songs include narrative songs, folk songs, songs to celebrate new houses, songs to coax dolls, children's songs and so on. The main musical instruments are kouxian, double-hole flute, erhu, Qike, drum, cymbal, cymbal and so on. Jinuo people like to sing and dance, learn traditional tunes from childhood, and improvise as adults. On festivals and some important ceremonies, singing and dancing are generally simple.

Jinuo people also have exquisite embroidery art and bamboo weaving craft art. Jinuo women embroider exquisite patterns on clothes, satchels, handkerchiefs and work belts for their lovers, with exquisite workmanship and well-proportioned patterns.

The population is about 20899.

Guo Wang Festival is a traditional festival of which nation? Torch Festival is a traditional festival of Yi people in China, which is held every year on June 24th of the lunar calendar. Not only the Yi people celebrate the Torch Festival, but also some other ethnic minorities in China, such as Naxi, Bai, Lisu, Lahu and Jino.

Basic introduction of Jinuo nationality? Jinuo people call themselves Jinuo people, which means "descendants of my uncle" or "people who respect my uncle". It is mainly distributed in Jinuo Township, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and the rest are scattered in the surrounding mountainous areas of Jinuo Township. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the population of Jinuo nationality is 20899. Mainly engaged in agriculture, good at growing tea. Use Jino language, belonging to Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Jinuo people have their own language, belonging to the Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman language family. Because there are no words, we used to record things by carving bamboo and wood. There is no national script.

Jinuo is an ancient nation. Jinuo is a self-proclaimed nation. In the past, Chinese transliteration was Youle, which means to follow my uncle, and extended to a nation that respects my uncle. /kloc-0 was recognized as the 56th ethnic group in China in June, 1979.

The Jinuo township used to be called Jinuo Mountain, and the Qing Dynasty literature wrote amusement mountain, all of which were named after Jinuo, indicating that Jinuo was an ancient local resident. China's record of Jinuo people began in18th century. Because Jinuo Mountain is rich in Pu 'er tea, and Han merchants entered in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the popularization of tea-growing and tea-making technology has had an impact on the social development of Jinuo people. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), the Qing Dynasty set up a brick city in Stone Road (now Situzhai) in Jinuo Mountain, with 500 troops stationed. It wanted to build an important town in southern Yunnan here, but it was abolished six years later because of serious miasma. Since then, only the leaders of the Jino nationality have been appointed here as a happy place. Later, Dai Tusi ruled Mount Keno. During the period of the Republic of China, * * * local * * appointed chief Jiabao in Jinuo Mountain, and the chief and the Jino chief appointed by Dai Tusi merged into one, whose main duty was to collect tribute for * * * local * *. 194 1 June to1April, 943, Jinuo people, under the leadership of Cao Yao, United the Hani, Yao and Han people and fought bravely against the local army. [Edit this paragraph] Before the establishment of the new social economy China, Jinuo society was still in the transitional stage from the end of primitive society to class society, and many ancient customs were still preserved. If the remains of consanguineous marriage still exist, some villages do not prohibit intra-clan marriage; Some villages prohibit intermarriage, but not love and cohabitation. There are also quite a few customs of matriarchal clan communes. Usually only mothers have the right to kill chickens for sick children. At the ceremony of entering the new house, the oldest woman in the clan was the first person to go upstairs with a torch to light the fireplace; Although the village head is male, they still use the title of "Zomiyuka" in the matriarchal clan commune era, that is, the village grandmother. Patriarchal commune has replaced matriarchal commune for about 300 years. In the 1940s, there were more than 100 people living in Dazhulou in individual villages. Although this patriarchal clan commune lives in one place, the small family living in the housing division is an individual economy, producing and consuming independently, showing a transitional state at the end of the patriarchal clan commune. These ancient ruins of primitive society can be described as one of the characteristics of Keno Village.

Jinuo Rural Commune is a geographical village where members of different clans live together (except Baduo Village), and each village community is an independent village. Each village community has its own land boundary, which is marked by traditional boundary markers. The land within the boundary belongs to the village community, and no one may occupy it. The basic form of land ownership is village ownership, and its internal possession forms are divided into village ownership, clan or patriarchal commune ownership and individual family ownership, but public ownership is the main form. In agricultural production, mutual aid for work prevails, and the distribution principle of primitive egalitarianism prevails in hunting. The relationship between primitive tenancy, employees and loans occurred, but there was no freeloader. A village community generally has two elders. The first elder is Zhuoba, and the second is Zhuosheng. They are the oldest elders in a specific ancient clan, and their duties involve all aspects of the production and life of the village community.

Jinuo people mainly use slash-and-burn agriculture, and their farm tools are basically made of iron, including machetes, sickles and small hoes. The main crops are upland rice and corn. Cotton has a long history and is rich in subtropical fruits such as bananas and papaya. Jinuo Mountain is one of the six major tea mountains for producing Pu 'er tea. Large livestock include cattle, buffaloes, etc., but they are not used for farming land, but for sacrifice and meat, and also for raising livestock and poultry. Tea planting and tea making have developed to a certain extent. Collecting and hunting is still an important family sideline of Jino people. Handicraft industry has not been separated from agriculture, and it is mainly carried out in slack season, engaged in ironing and weaving bamboo strips ... > >