Biographies of outstanding women, biographies of people (preferably women)

Biography of Sanmao (preferably female): If you let go, I will fall into the vast universe.

This book is worth reading is a biography of historical figures (preferably women, 1000 words). Lin is a beautiful and intelligent woman writer and architect. If you are well, it will be sunny. This is a biography of Lin. You can read it.

I recommend a beautiful biography of ancient women, Ballad of the Desert, which is about Wei Zifu and loneliness.

The first biography of a female official in the history of celebrities, A Good Woman, is the wife of Shang Ding, the first female military commander (Oracle Bone Inscriptions) in the history of China, and an outstanding female politician.

Fu Hao is a famous strategist in the history of China, and also a female general who is good at fighting. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins records that she conquered many neighboring countries, which is rare in history. She was one of more than 60 wives of Wu Ding, King of Shang Dynasty, and was also the mother of Zu Yinji. After her death, the temple name "Xin" lived in Wuding during the reorganization of Shang Dynasty in the first half of BC12nd century. She is the earliest female politician and strategist in the history of China and the first documented heroine in the history of China. Judging from the excavation of her tomb, her name should be "Hao", "Fu" is a kinship term, and the bronze inscription is also called "stepmother Xin". Fu Hao was the wife of Shang King Wu Ding. A large number of Oracle bones unearthed show that Fuxi was ordered to fight in the battlefield many times, which made great contributions to the expansion of the territory of Shang Dynasty. She is also often ordered to preside over festivals such as offering sacrifices to heaven, ancestors and gods, and also serves as a diviner. However, Fu Hao unfortunately died in his thirties, but he did not die early in the Shang Dynasty. But compared with Wu Ding who lived for 59 years, he did die young. Wu Ding is very sad. Fu Hao has a huge grave to be buried alone and a long sacrificial ceremony. This was very rare in Shang Dynasty. 1976, a complete tomb was found in the northwest of Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan. Among the existing Oracle bone inscriptions, her name appears frequently, and she has been mentioned more than 200 times in more than 10000 pieces of Oracle bones unearthed in Yinxu, Anyang. She was the wife of Wu Ding, King of Shang Dynasty over 3000 years ago. 2. 1 Anecdote Legend has it that the martial arts of Shang Dynasty reached its peak in the Wuding era of Shang Gaozong. Wuding expanded the territory of Shang dynasty several times through a series of wars, and the general who led troops to the east for Wuding was his queen Fu. Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded that one summer, there was a war on the northern border, and the two sides were deadlocked. Fu Hao volunteered and asked for troops. Wu Ding hesitated, decided to send Fu Hao to arise after divination, and the result was a great victory. Since then, Wu Ding has made her commander in chief. Since then, she has conquered more than 20 neighboring countries (small independent countries). At that time, there were not many people, usually thousands, which was similar to a large-scale battle. However, according to records, when Fu Hao attacked Qiang, there were more than 13 thousand troops at a time. In other words, one-tenth of the army in the capital was handed over to her. 2.2 Fu Hao, a diviner, can not only lead troops to fight, but also be the chief priest of the country. She is often ordered to preside over ceremonies such as offering sacrifices to heaven, ancestors and gods, and is also an official of divination. Shang dynasty was a country superstitious in ghosts and gods, and the so-called "the great event of the country lies in respecting peace and honor". Fu Hao knows how to fight. She has mastered the power of sacrifice and divination. Maybe even Wu Ding is afraid of her. 2.3 Other historical materials: Wu Ding, Emperor Gaozong of the Shang Dynasty, had three queens before and after, and good marriage was his original match. However, Wu Ding has more than 60 wives, and Fu Hao is just one of them. It is worth noting that Fu Hao did not live with Wu Ding, but often stayed in his fief. This phenomenon never happened again in the later history of China. But at that time, it seemed to be a common phenomenon. Wu Ding's wife and female general, in addition to MuHao, there are at least a few. There is also a woman named Xing (her name is You Yi, but this word can't be found in the dictionary, but she is a child star, so she changed to Xing), ranking second only to Mu Hao. She also led many expeditions to manage agriculture and internal affairs for Wu Ding. She was sealed in a well, which is now Xingtai, Hebei Province. 2.4 Fu Hao's date of birth and death, cause of death and other related materials unearthed in Anyang, Henan Province, one of the capitals of ancient Shang Dynasty, are ambiguous. According to one source, Fu Hao died in BC 1248, and the cause of death is unknown. Because at that time, fighting was similar to large-scale fighting. Although women were expensive, I was afraid that they would go into battle. It is not known whether he died in battle or returned to Anyang after being seriously injured. Among several weapons unearthed from Fu Hao's tomb, there is a large bronze cymbal with dragon pattern and a bronze cymbal with tiger pattern. Because the word "Fu Hao" is engraved on it, it is concluded that this is the weapon he used before his death. One of these two weapons weighs 8.5 kilograms and the other weighs 9 kilograms. Women are good at using such heavy weapons, which shows that they have superior martial arts and extraordinary strength. And after marriage, women in China will never use a big axe again. Some scholars have even verified that the standard weapon of Amazon rya in ancient Greek mythology is also a big axe, so the legend of Amazon rya actually originated from the rya tribe in Asia, and perhaps these rya are related to the descendants of Shang people. 3. Editor's Note of Historical Records of Women's Virtue 3. 1 The great event of the country lies in the respect for peace and honor. There is a famous saying of our ancestors: "The great event of a country lies in respecting peace and glory." In other words, besides offering sacrifices and divination, state affairs are battles to defend the frontier, expand territory and plunder slaves. Wu Ding was a famous leader in the history of Shang Dynasty. During his 59 years in office, Yufeng, the tomb of Fu Haozhi, frequently went out to war, successively conquered the surrounding tribes in the northwest and southeast, and greatly expanded the territory of the dynasty, which was called "Wuding Zhongxing" in history. In this process, Fu Hao is certainly a pivotal figure. In the literature at that time, her military activities were recorded in considerable detail. Fu Hao's Tomb in Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province, with a height of 13.6 cm and a wall thickness of 0.7 cm, was unearthed in 1976 and is now in the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. There are many jade dragons unearthed in Fu Hao's tomb, but only one jade phoenix, which shows that Fu Hao attaches great importance to the phoenix. This device is very similar to the word "phoenix" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, and it is an excellent object to study the image of phoenix in Shang Dynasty. Yufeng has a high crown and beak, short wings and a long tail. As a pavilion, it looks like flying, elegant and free and easy. The elongated long tail naturally bends, and the tail feathers are combined and divided, which is plain and plain. There is a through hole in front of her, which makes her plump and charming. The perforated round buckle protruding from the back should be used for hanging rope. The image of the phoenix is beautiful, and the jade is crystal clear and clean, so people can't help but look at it more and hold it tightly. "Shan Hai Jing" said: "The phoenix bird is gifted with literary talent, its wings are smooth, its imitation literary talent, and its back literary talent. If you see it, the world will be peaceful. " It shows that Phoenix was still a symbol of morality and kindness at that time. Maybe when a woman admires this jade phoenix, she not only shows nobility, but also implies good luck. 3.2 Oracle Bone Inscriptions, a battle-hardened Oracle bone inscriptions, wrote, for example, "Zhen, it is almost impossible to be a woman for three thousand years." This means that the 3000 troops of Shang King Fazheng and 10000 other soldiers ordered them to conquer the Qiang people, the ancient enemy of Shang Dynasty. At that time, the team of13,000 women's tombs and statues was already a mighty army. This is also the biggest war in Shang Dynasty recorded by Oracle Bone Inscriptions. At that time, Wu Ding's love, such as battle-hardened bird feathers, was led by Muhao. After that battle, the Qiang people's strength was greatly weakened, and the western territory of the Shang Dynasty was settled. At that time, there was a powerful nomadic tribe earthwork more than 0/000 miles north of the capital Anyang (now Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province). They often wantonly violated the merchants' borders and plundered the people's property, which was a major worry of the dynasty for many years. So, Wu Ding's wife went out with her troops and defeated the invading enemy in just one battle. Fu Hao pursued the victory and completely defeated the Turkish side. From then on, the Turkish side never dared to invade again, and finally it was incorporated into the territory of merchants. 3.3 Wonderful Battle The most wonderful battle for women and children was the battle with Wu Ding to conquer Pakistan. Before the war, Fu Hao and her husband made a plan. Fu Hao ambushed the army in the west of the enemy, and Wu Ding led the elite troops to launch a surprise attack on the Pakistani army in the east. The Pakistani army can't see one and the other in the encirclement of Wuding Army and Nvshan Army, and the formation is chaotic. Finally surrounded, the southern border was pacified. This is probably the earliest recorded "ambush war" in China. 3.4 A queen who is both civil and military is a good wife of the queen. She loves "armed" rather than "red skirt", or "armed" more than "red skirt". In Fu Hao's tomb excavated in 1976, exquisite bone carving knives, bronze mirrors, bone blocks, agate beads and other ornaments dedicated to women, as well as "unique skills" such as cicada, small stone pot, stone base and stone pot for appreciation, all show her feminine side. Surprisingly, in addition to these gadgets, there are many weapons in the funerary objects, especially a large bronze cymbal weighing 9 kilograms, decorated with Shuang Hu's bite pattern and engraved with the word "Fu Hao", which is particularly eye-catching. After expert research, it is believed that this is the weapon she used before her death. Fu Hao can use such a heavy weapon, which shows that her martial arts is superior and her strength is extraordinary. More importantly, Yue was a symbol of military power and royal power in ancient times. Then, we can conclude that she must have been the female general who commanded thousands of troops at that time. In fact, as early as four or five thousand years ago, there were carved images of the goddess of war or the great mother god during the Liangzhu culture period. This shows that at that time, the legacy of matriarchal society still exists, and it is not unusual for women to lead troops to fight. However, in the middle and late Shang Dynasty, which was dominated by men, Fu Hao still possessed the symbol of Yue, the highest military commander in China, and became the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces, which was enough to show that her skill was really unusual. 3.5 The importance of an important soothsayer's wife lies in her special position, that is, the soothsayer who presides over the sacrifice, in addition to the distinguished position of the Queen and the first-class military general. In her time, people were superstitious about ghosts and gods and worshipped destiny. Sacrificial divination is very popular, especially in the Shang royal family and the slave owners' ruling class. Almost all state affairs require repeated divination and praying for ghosts and gods. Therefore, sacrifice is one of the most important national activities. The priest who holds the highest clerical power should have extensive knowledge and lofty status, and become the actual decision-maker of major national affairs through communication with ghosts and gods. 4. Edit this paragraph about related events. 4. 1 Summarizes that the Shang Dynasty regarded sacrifice and military affairs as two major events of the country. The so-called "national events are in sacrifice, and military events are." Because of Fu Hao's high cultural accomplishment, Wu Ding, the king of Shang Dynasty, often asked her to preside over sacrifices and chanting, and was appointed as an oracle to engrave Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Some preserved Oracle Bone Inscriptions were carved by Fu Hao himself. She participated in North Korea's political activities by hosting sacrifices and became a female politician buried in Wuding. 4.2 Battle Sacrifice Fu Hao was also a strategist. She led troops to fight many times and made great achievements. Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded that "the journey to the city of 3,000 volts is almost to cut Qiang", which means that Shang Ding belongs to 3,000 troops and 10,000 people to conquer Qiang. Among the unearthed cultural relics, two bronze cymbals of Fu Hao were found, each weighing. On one occasion, Wu Ding personally levied Pakistan, causing Fu Hao to ambush, and the Pakistani army fell and was annihilated by Fu Hao. According to the records of Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins, Fu Hao presided over various types and names of sacrificial activities many times, and used theocracy to serve the Shang Dynasty. In addition, Fu Cha was repeatedly sent by Wu Ding to fight with troops, looking for Turks in the north, attacking foreigners in the southeast, and defeating the Pakistani army in the southwest, which made great contributions to the expansion of the territory of Shang Dynasty. Wu Ding loved her very much, granted her an independent fief, and often prayed to ghosts and gods to bless her health and longevity. However, Fu Hao died before Wu Ding. Wu Ding was so sad that she was buried about 100 meters northwest of Xiaotun Village in Anyang, Henan. These graves were dug up and kept in good condition. In addition to a large number of bronzes, 755 jades have been unearthed, which is the largest and most concentrated tomb of jades unearthed in Shang Dynasty. There are also 63 stone tools, 47 precious stones and ivory carvings. After Fu Hao died, Wu Ding was very sad. Every time there is a military action, he often prays for Fu Hao's help in the spirit of heaven by offering sacrifices, which also shows that Fu Hao's name is enough to shock the enemy. After Fu Hao's death, there was a huge grave to be buried alone, and she enjoyed the sacrificial ceremony alone, which was also rare in Shang Dynasty. 4.3 After 3000 years, Fu Hao's ghost marriage was discovered twice, with an interval of 40 years, but she appeared in front of people with the most concrete image of Shang Dynasty. The king held a ghost wedding for his beloved wife. However, people still wonder why Fu Hao married so many kings. Did the Empress of Shang Dynasty have the right to marry many times? Zhao Cheng, an old expert of Zhonghua Book Company, has retired for many years, but he is still infatuated with the study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. He had his own unique view on the 2636 edition of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Collection: Wu Ding was the longest reigning king among the known Shang kings, and he died at the age of 59, while his cherished queen Fu Hao died before him. Shang people were superstitious about ghosts and gods and worshipped destiny. They believe that everything in the world depends on God, God and ancestors. Wu Ding's affection for Mu Hao is very special, perhaps it is deep love, or it may be honored as a guest of honor. His departure from Muhao is always hard to let go. So the enlightened monarch betrothed his precious wife to the long-dead king. Probably, he thought that these dead ancestors would protect his wife in the underworld, or he also thought that the Excellence of a good wife could be compared with that of a great emperor. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is Wu Ding's earnest inquiry about his ancestors. "Is the woman married?" "Dajia married a woman!" "Is the woman married?" "Cheng Tang married a woman!" "Is the woman married?" "Zuyi married a woman!" So the king was relieved. 4.4 Modern speculation 1976 The discovery of the tomb of a good woman in Yinxu, Anyang, Henan, made the story of this female politician and strategist who had been buried for more than 3,000 years known to the world. Archaeologists and historians believe that this ancient outstanding woman should be given her due historical position. BC12nd century, it was the Shang Dynasty in China. Due to frequent wars, traces left by Shang Dynasty to modern people are very rare, but among these few relics, quite a few "women" belong to a special woman-Wu Ding. There are more than 60 "women" in historical materials, of which only three are queens, and the good wife is the first. It is also the only woman that Wu Ding, the King of Zhongxing in Shang Dynasty, really loved in his life. Among the existing offerings of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the name "Regal" appears frequently. Among the more than 10,000 pieces of Oracle bones unearthed in YH 127, Yin Ruins, she appeared more than 200 times! Moreover, Wu Ding prayed to heaven in these divinations, including all aspects of a woman's life: war, childbirth, illness, and even her situation after death. It serves to show that Wu Ding has a deep heart for women. Fu Hao doesn't have a Fu surname, but her father's surname is a symbol of Asia. When she married Wu Ding and became the king's wife, Wu Ding gave her quite rich fiefs and gentry. In her fief, she got a "good" surname and was regarded as "Fu Hao" or "Hou Fu Hao". Posthumous title, a good woman, was called "Xin", and later generations of Shang Dynasty honored her as "mother Xin" and "stepmother Xin". 5 Affection with Wu Ding Edit this paragraph 5. 1 Basic overview Wu Ding was the nephew of Pan Geng, the 23rd and 20th king of Shang Dynasty. When Pan Geng ascended the throne, there were signs of civil strife and foreign invasion in Shang Dynasty. In order to get rid of the predicament, Pan Geng moved the capital of Shang Dynasty to northern Mongolia (now Anyang, Henan). A few years after Pan Geng completed the feat of moving to Yin, Wu Ding, king of Zhongxing in Shang Dynasty, took over the scepter. Wu Ding's experience is similar to that of Russian Peter the Great nearly three thousand years later. Wu Ding's father Xiao Yi, the fourth brother of Pan Geng, never dreamed that he could succeed him to the throne. Therefore, when Wu Ding was young, Xiao Yi sent his son Wu Ding to private life. Wu Ding did not confide his royal lineage to anyone, but learned all kinds of labor knowledge like an ordinary person, and experienced all kinds of hardships like an ordinary person, laying the foundation for his future inheritance of the Zhongxing Dynasty. It was this experience that gave him Fu Shuo, a slave who built a house. 5.2 conjugal love. Wu Ding Wu Ding is a monarch with strong personality, full of emotion and ambition. Fu Hao was the first queen of Wuding. Before she married Wu Ding, she should be the matriarchal tribal leader or princess of the subordinate or surrounding tribes of Shang State, with unusual background and knowledge. Fu Hao is very clever and has extraordinary courage and wisdom. Wu Ding, the king with the highest martial arts in Shang Dynasty, was her husband, and a considerable part of Wu Ding's martial arts achievements were made by women. There is a strong matriarchal clan legacy in Shang Dynasty, so there is no problem to apply these adjectives to Shang Queen. Fu Hao's arm strength is extraordinary, and a weapon used weighs nine kilograms, which shows his strong body. The weapon is a big axe, which shows her bravery. Fu Hao and Wu Ding are really like-minded couples. Just married, Wu Ding didn't know much about Fu Hao's ability to lead troops to fight. One summer, foreign enemies invaded the northern border, and the generals sent to conquer could not solve the problem for a long time. His wife volunteered and asked for help. Wu Ding hesitated about his wife's request. After a long period of consideration, he decided to let the queen participate in the war through divination. Unexpectedly, Fu Hao went to the front line, commanded well, took the lead, and soon defeated the enemy. From then on, Wu Ding looked at his wife with new eyes, made her the military commander of Shang Dynasty, and asked her to direct operations. From then on, Fu Hao led the army to conquer and defeated more than 20 small countries, including northern Turkey, southern foreigners, southern Pakistan, and Guifang, and made immortal contributions to the Shang Dynasty's territory expansion. Among them, in the battle against Qiang, Wu Ding gave her more than half of the Shang Dynasty's troops: more than 13,000. This campaign was a great victory, and it was also the largest invasion in Wuding period. 5.3 In addition to leading the army to fight for the country, Fu Hao also mastered the rituals of Shang Dynasty and often presided over such ceremonies. She is a real priest. The high priest actually wants to do as I say. A king should learn from Wu Ding and explore the potential of his wife. No matter how loyal a servant is, he is not as reliable as his wife. As the saying goes, all glory is lost. What's more, it takes a couple a hundred days to be grateful. Traditional education in China teaches women to take their husbands more seriously. Later, the emperor locked his wife in the harem and was sold as a monkey by his own civil servant generals. It was really asking for trouble. Generally speaking, Wu Ding and Fu Hao are the happiest and most successful couple in the world. Together, they managed the Shang Dynasty into a world-class mom-and-pop shop. One of Fu Hao's greatest feats for Wuding and Shang Dynasty was to lead an army of13,000 men to conquer the enemy lines in the Hetao area of northwest Inner Mongolia. This war is of epoch-making significance to Yin Shang and even the whole history of China. This is a war of self-defense. Before Fu Hao went to war, the Shang Dynasty was trapped in the northwest border for many years and could not win. However, Fu Hao did his best in a battle and won the final and most powerful victory, winning the obedience and obedience of the enemy. This is a decisive battle to lay the foundation for the historical process of Chinese civilization. Historians believe that the significance of this battle is no less than the legendary battle between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou. Of course, Wu Ding is not a useless person who only stays in the palace and divines the truth for his wife. He himself often leads troops to fight. When attacking Sivir in Bashang (now southwest Hubei), he and Fu Hao led the army together, and cooperated with each other in division of labor-let Fu Hao ambush in the southwest, led various Hou Bo to attack from the east, and drove the enemy into Fu Hao's iron drum array, and annihilated them at the same time. Whenever Fu Hao went out alone and returned in triumph, Wu Ding always couldn't restrain his joy and went out to meet him, once for more than 80 kilometers. When the couple finally met their men in the suburbs, the excitement of reunion after a long separation made them forget the identity of the king and queen, leaving their men behind, pushing and shoving each other and chasing each other in the wilderness. Wu Ding regards his wife as extremely important, and even loves and respects her. This time, romance stayed in historical materials, but there were naturally more unwritten love. The harmony between harp and harp is envied by future generations. Recommend some biographies suitable for twenty-year-old girls! First, make sure that you want to meet political figures, business figures, sports figures and cultural figures?

Baidu search for another example: Do Madame Curie, Soong Ching Ling and Lin Weiyin have biographies of celebrities suitable for girls? A lot.

But here, I only recommend one book: Gone with the Wind (3) Female (3)