What are the contents of the Four Books and Five Classics?

The four books refer to the Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. The Five Classics refer to The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu.

1, "University" is an essay on the Confucian thought of self-cultivation. Originally the 42nd chapter of The Book of Rites of Little Dai, it is said that it was written by people. In fact, it is a Confucian work in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is an important work for China to discuss educational theory in ancient times.

The "Three Outlines" and "Eight Items" put forward in "University" emphasize that self-cultivation is the premise of governing people, and the purpose of self-cultivation is to govern the country and the world, which shows the consistency between governing the country and the world and personal moral cultivation.

The Doctrine of the Mean was written by Zi Si during the Warring States Period. There are more than 3,500 words in The Doctrine of the Mean, which is divided into 33 chapters and 4 parts according to Zhu's classification method. It is a biography of Confucian Taoism since the ancient times, which involves many aspects such as the way to treat others, the standard of virtue, and the way to learn.

The Analects of Confucius is a collection of quotations from Confucius and his disciples. Compiled by Confucius' disciples and re-disciples, the book was written in the early Warring States period.

The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism and a collection of recorded essays, which mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples in the form of quotations and dialogues, and embodies Confucius' political, aesthetic, moral and utilitarian values. The Analects of Confucius covers politics, education, literature, philosophy and ways of living.

4. Mencius, in the middle of the Warring States Period, Mencius and his disciples Zhang Wan and Gong Sunchou.

This book records the politics, education, philosophy, ethical thoughts and political activities of Mencius and his disciples.

5. The Book of Songs as a whole is an image reflection of China's social life during the 500-year rise and fall of the Zhou Dynasty, including the ancestor's entrepreneurial ode and the movement of offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods; There are also banquet exchanges between nobles and resentment against uneven work and rest; There are also touching chapters reflecting labor, hunting and a lot of love, marriage and social customs.

6. Shangshu is the oldest collection of royal works in China, the first ancient historical document in China and some collections of works describing ancient deeds, which preserved some important historical materials of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, especially the early Western Zhou Dynasty. According to legend, Shangshu was compiled by Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period, but some titles were later added by Confucianism.

7. The Book of Rites was written in the Han Dynasty and compiled by Dai Sheng, a ritual musician in the Western Han Dynasty.

The content of this book mainly describes the pre-Qin ritual system, which embodies the pre-Qin Confucian philosophical thoughts (such as the concept of heaven, world outlook and outlook on life), educational thoughts (such as personal cultivation, educational system, teaching methods and school management), political thoughts (such as educational politics, building a harmonious society, ritual criminal law) and aesthetic thoughts (such as the theory of material sense and the theory of harmony between rites and music).

8. According to legend, Zhouyi was written by Zhou Wenwang and Ji Chang in the Western Zhou Dynasty. This article of the Book of Changes consists of the explanations of "classics" and "biographies". The Classic consists of sixty-four hexagrams (namely hexagrams) with symbolic symbols, each of which includes hexagrams, hexagrams' names, hexagrams' characters, hexagrams' names and hexagrams' characters.

According to legend, Chunqiu was written by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

"Spring and Autumn Annals" recorded a large number of disrespectful acts of Lu historians towards local officials, doctors and Chinese people at that time. Lu historians will also collect coarse and indecent things such as doctors from other vassal countries, and record the contents of letters between doctors from various vassal countries, such as the letter to Zheng about the book of punishment, which records the events in which Qi historians were killed for keeping true records, and so on.

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