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Detailed explanation of Chinese pinyin: xρng, strokes: 9 radicals: Japanese five-stroke input method: jtgf stroke sequence number: 25113121analysis: stars are things that appear in space after the sun leaves and have similar properties to the sun. Foreign language English: star Japanese: star (ほし) ho shi Korean: (romanji: byeol) (1) [star] [mouth]: The stars shining in the sky at night are the stars in the solar system (2)[ tiny points]: thin and small points1. [planet; Satellite text description catalog xξngbiγo [Star Catalog] A catalog xξngchén [Star] that records the magnitude and position of stars. The general names of stars: sun, moon, star, star, star, Chi Xξngchí( 1) [Rapidly]: The description speed is very fast: hearing this news, he flew to the front line (2) [Night time emergency trip]: He flew to the star point X and NGDI m: n [a little bit] in a starry night; One star and one point: no star, official frame, star and star: starry sky, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star, star. Spark]: a fire lit by Mars or embers flying out of a distant fire ② [Meteor]: The fleeting light of a meteor is a metaphor for urgency and urgency. As soon as the light is lit, it disappears like a spark. Interstellar X and X and NGJI [Interstellar; Interstellar] Interstellar: Interstellar travel starry sky Xθ x and ngk ū ng [starry sky] Starry sky xθngliú[ star flow] Two groups of stars in opposite directions in the Milky Way galaxy are dotted with X and Ngluó-Qí bê [dotted, dotted]. Describe the number of shepherds, a wide range, scattered. -Ming? Zhou X, ngq and [Zhou] in Wan Shan Fu Xuan by Chen Lian originally refer to the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, when the cowherd and the weaver girl meet. Later, it also refers to the day when men and women get married. Now it is often used to refer to the first day of the week. Planets X and X and xīngqiú [celestial bodies] can emit or reflect light in the universe. Divided into clusters X and xn gqs[ constellation]] A certain region X and NGQún[ constellation] in the starry sky, many stars X and NGT[ planets] moving in the same direction and at the same speed refer to a single planet (such as the sun, the moon, mercury, Halley's comet, etc.). The star map X and NGTú [star map] are completely different from the star map in winter. Cluster x and NGTuá n [cluster] look very close to each other in the sky and seem to have the same properties (such as distance and motion). Galaxies X and NGXIANG are huge star systems composed of hundreds of billions of stars, including not only stars, but also nebulae, clusters, globular clusters and interstellar matter stars X and Xěngxiàng. All mountain men and women, medical astrologers, etc. Imprisoned in the East Factory. -"Comment on a Lonely Space-Pearl Edge" Star X and ng (1) [Star] [Mouth]: Celestial objects shining in the sky at night (2) [Spots]: thin and small stars X and ng-di m: ndi m: n [Fragments] Dobby is a metaphor for tiny things, a single spark. -Ming? Zhu Guozhen's "Demon of Buddhism and Taoism" stars X and NGXIμ( 1) [Constellation] (2) China ancient constellation, * * * divided into 28 nights (3) the dynamics of the stars, especially in astrology, the stars that determine a person's fate or life situation at birth. -Tang Hua, Qingping Mountain, at night X and ngyè (1) [at night]: at night (2) [at night]: The stars are shifted at night X and Ngyí-d Uzuǐ n [over time], indicating time series changes, indicating that time changes early, the stars move back, the sky is blue, and the sky is blue. -Yong Xi Yue Fu? Recalling Nebula X and Ngyú n [Nebula] One of the many huge celestial bodies composed of very thin gas or dust in the interstellar space of our Milky Way or other galaxies, stars X and Ngzhā n (1) [Astrology]: Use or practice divination (2) [Divination astrology]. Using astrology to calculate sloshing [small bits of the star's planetesimal X 65333] b [square]: refers to any constellation in the sky that seems to form a certain form. According to Ptolemy's catalogue in the 2nd century A.D., there are 48 constellations, each named after a mythical person, animal or vessel, and 40 constellations were added by people in Greek and Roman times later to supplement the position of any constellation in the left blank sky (such as invisible in the Mediterranean region). Other information determines whether the stars people observe are bright or dark. There are two main factors: one is the luminous ability of the stars, and the other is the distance between the stars and people. (Star fighter“Star ") The world's first jet fighter with twice the speed of sound," Widow Manufacturing Machine ". [Edit this paragraph] Stars Stars At present, most astronomers believe that stars are produced by thin gas clouds and dust due to gravitational collapse. The gravity of these gas clouds and dust is closely related to the ownership of a star. In other words, the initial mass of a star affects its evolution direction, age and final death. A massive star evolves much faster than a small one. For a star with the mass equivalent to 8 suns, it usually ends in the form of a supernova explosion. The birthplace of stars is usually thought to be in those interstellar gases. When the density of these interstellar gases exceeds a certain critical value, the mutual attraction between the gases will gradually exceed the pressure of the gases, so that the interstellar gases will begin to shrink and the density will continue to increase. Due to the excessive mass of interstellar gas, with the increase of density, the interior of interstellar gas will become more and more unstable. This leads to the formation of some relatively small air masses. Over time, these small air masses will gradually evolve into stars. Therefore, in our view, stars are born in clusters. Astronomical circles have put forward a recognized image of the birth of these stars, which is produced by a slowly rotating sphere formed by gas and dust. However, the specific details are still unclear, especially in the late stage of collapse, that is, the clear theory of planetary formation has not been clearly answered. However, the appearance of giant infrared telescopes makes it relatively easy for astronomers to study. Because the wavelength of electromagnetic wave in infrared band is much longer than that in optical band, we can clearly see the interior of the star birth place full of gas and dust through infrared telescope. Let's take a look at the specific process of the birth of a star. When interstellar gas breaks down into smaller air masses, these air masses will continue to shrink. At this time, the density of gas clusters has reached 60000 hydrogen atoms /cm3, which is much higher than that of normal interstellar gas 1 hydrogen atoms /cm3. At first, when the air mass density is low, the light radiation from the central matter can still break through many obstacles and reach the outside of the air mass. However, with the contraction of the air mass, a density gradient gradually formed from the center to the outer layer, and the density of the air mass center was so high that light could not penetrate. In this way, the temperature in the air mass center will continue to rise, the pressure will start to rise, and the contraction will slowly stop. It was not until the temperature reached about two thousand degrees that hydrogen molecules began to decompose into atoms. So the core contracts again, and the energy released during the contraction turns all the hydrogen into atoms again. This newly born core is slightly larger than today's sun, and all the peripheral materials that keep falling towards the center will eventually fall on this core, forming a star with the same mass as the sun. In this way, the nuclear fusion reaction began inside the star, and the star entered the main sequence stage. The sun is the most common medium-mass star in the main sequence we have ever seen. 4.5 billion years ago, it was after this stage that our sun completed the transformation from protostar to star. In the melting pot of nuclear reaction inside the star, matter begins with hydrogen and continues to "evolve". This creative process is currently regarded as the only "creator" in our pluralistic world. According to the Big Bang theory, in the early days of the universe, it was only filled with the lightest elements-hydrogen and helium. The heavier elements involved in the Earth, the atmosphere and our body form were formed inside the stars in the catastrophic star explosion later called supernova. This explosion contributed to the newly formed materials around the galaxy, and constantly enriched the galaxy medium with heavy elements. The length of time a star goes through the main sequence stage is closely related to its mass. Massive stars burn rapidly and evolve rapidly. Because of the small internal gravity, the nuclear reaction of small-mass stars is not as intense as that of large-mass stars, so the evolution is slow and the main sequence stage is relatively long. The whole thermonuclear reaction stage of the sun is about12 billion years, and the nuclear stage of a star ten times larger than the sun is shorter than 1000 times. Our sun is a typical low-mass star in the main sequence. She has lived in the main sequence stage for 4.5 billion years. Astronomers' calculations show that the sun can "live" for another 5 billion years as it is now, that is to say, the main sequence stage of the sun is 65.438+00 billion years. At the end of its main sequence stage, any star will gradually exhaust the hydrogen in its core, and then they will leave the main sequence and enter the red giant stage. At this new stage, the core of a star is composed of helium, the product of hydrogen fusion. Helium is another fuel for different fusion reactions. After the reaction, carbon and oxygen are formed, and a large amount of energy is continuously released. However, this reaction requires a higher core temperature and will not appear until the end of hydrogen fusion. The transition time of a star from hydrogen to helium is very short, and the nuclear reaction of helium begins as soon as hydrogen is exhausted. Subsequently, the star's appearance changed obviously. Helium fusion produces more energy than the previous hydrogen nuclear reaction, and the balance between gravity and new thermal energy output makes the star reach a new stable volume. At this time, the star became a giant. Although it generates much more energy than the main sequence stage, the huge star surface will radiate heat at this time. This is a surprising thing. Although the nuclear reaction of the star is more intense, the surface temperature of the star cools down. Although the surface temperature is relatively low, the red giant is extremely bright because of its huge volume. Many of the brightest stars visible to the naked eye are red giant stars, such as Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse, arcturus, Antares and so on. The red giant sun will become a red giant in 5 billion years. The atomic products of the red giant helium nuclear fusion include carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. After the helium fuel storage is exhausted, these elements will become new star fuels. In fact, this reaction from light nuclear fusion to heavy nuclear is interrelated and appears one after another in the evolution of stars. First, hydrogen fuses into helium, then helium fuses into carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and so on, producing heavier and heavier elements. In order to overcome the resistance of heavier elements to polymerization, each subsequent stage needs a star core temperature even higher than the previous stage. This, in turn, accelerates the nuclear combustion process step by step by higher temperature, so the existence time of subsequent stages is getting shorter and shorter. When the star grows into a red giant, the rate of thermonuclear reaction also decreases irreversibly. For a star whose mass is between 1~8 solar masses when it leaves the main sequence, the thermonuclear reaction will no longer occur in the carbon-oxygen core of the giant star because the weight of the shell is not enough to fully compress and heat up its core. But the periphery of the nucleus is still active. The hydrogen layer and helium layer outside the nucleus will burn successively, thus extending the thermonuclear reaction to the shell layer step by step. The energy generated by this discontinuous reaction can only support the weight of the outer layer intermittently. This makes the stars start to beat. This state will last for thousands of years. During the pulsation of the star, it will continuously spray substances around it until the outer layer falls off completely, leaving only a bare carbon and oxygen core. Those thrown materials-ash-will form a planetary nebula, and the shrinking debris will become white dwarfs. White dwarfs are the end point of the evolution of medium-mass stars. Its radius is inversely proportional to its mass, and the greater the mass, the smaller the radius. Because there is no thermonuclear reaction to provide energy, white dwarfs are inevitably cooling rapidly while emitting radiation. But it will take billions of years for him to completely cool down and become a black dwarf. There are many white dwarfs gathered here. For those stars that are larger than 8 solar masses when they leave the main sequence, their thermonuclear reactions can proceed smoothly all the way. Its core eventually forms an iron core. At the last moment of energy exhaustion, gravitational collapse will begin immediately. But at this time, it is impossible to have a new fusion reaction to resist the collapse and restore the balance between the internal and external pressures of the star. Under great pressure, protons and electrons are squeezed together to form neutrons, and trillions of neutrinos are released at the same time. The result of the collapse is that all the mass of the star is concentrated in a sphere with a diameter of 30 kilometers! Its density can be imagined. The outer matter of the star also moves to the core with the collapse at high speed, and they collide violently with the solid neutron nucleus, making the matter reach a very high temperature. The high temperature and elegant environment make the hydrogen in the outer atmosphere of the star polymerize with the lighter gas. In this way, a violent polymerization explosion occurred, and the duration was only 1 second. In an instant, the brightness of this supernova suddenly became 1000 billion!