Shang State in ancient Yin Dynasty-Shield State, the eastern wing of Shang Dynasty, guarded the border for the royal family.

The shield is the Hou State of Shang Dynasty, and there are many records of "Hou Dunlai" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. He was brave and good at fighting, loyal to the Shang king and defended Yindong for the Shang Dynasty. In the first and third phases of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the shield appeared frequently, mainly about the conquest of Shang Dynasty, and had frequent contacts with Shang Dynasty. Every time something happened in the Shang Dynasty, it was called "Hou Dun" or "Yin Dun", which was the guardian of the situation in the eastern part of the Shang Dynasty. So where is the specific location of the shield? According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions's records, the shield side was close to the Shang Dynasty. At first, the shield side was considered as a hostile force of the Shang Dynasty, and it subdued the Shang King with the help of the Yindong forces such as the shield side. Since then, the relationship between Bian and Shang Dynasty has been repeated. It is said that the border is in Qufu, Shandong Province today, so the shield, as the wing of Shang Dynasty, should be far west of Qufu.

There are many ways to write Oracle Bone Inscriptions's "shield", but the overall appearance is similar, and they are all in the shape of "Zhong", which is the prototype of the shield later. Its pictogram has a long handle running up and down with a "day" or "back" in the middle. The "shield" appeared earlier, and the earliest "shield" was mostly woven from wood wrapped in leather or rattan wrapped in leather, also called "bamboo". It is said that the remains of wooden shields have been unearthed in Yin ruins, and a shield woven with rattan and wrapped in leather has also been unearthed in a Western Zhou tomb in Sanmenxia, Henan Province, indicating that "shields" have been widely used in the military field as early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. "Shield" is usually juxtaposed with "grid" because "shield" is only used for self-defense and has no attack function. It needs a set of equipment with both offensive and defensive capabilities. When using it, you usually hold it in one hand and the shield in the other, which is also called "Zhi" or "(Dunge)". "You" is simply added to the word "shield" in the bronze inscription, which means holding a hand. There is a record in "Shan Hai Jing Xing Tian Dance", which is a shield; Qi, refers to the axe. It can be seen that in the legendary battle of the Yellow Emperor, shields were used together, but as a national name, shields may also be related to the social sacrifices or customs of early people. "Book of Rites Mingtang" contains: "Zhu Gan and Yu Qi, crowned with dancing". "This is a kind of martial arts in the pre-Qin era. Warriors dance with shields to worship the gods.

Shield side was located in the eastern frontier of Yin and Shang Dynasties, and it also had the function of monitoring the invasion of Ji Wang by oriental aliens. Oracle: "If you fail to predict, you will die chaste." . On the third day, Yiyou came from the east and called the shield to the side. "("Collection of Solutions "6665 positive/1) Bian Rongda, Oracle Bone Inscriptions's" Rong "may have the meaning of aggression, indicating that others will invade. Like the Shield Party, it was the Eastern State of Shang Dynasty, and * * * was responsible for the national defense of Dongjiang. Oracle Bone Inscriptions told the military intelligence from the East, and called on Shield to report the invasion of neighboring countries to Shang Wang. Neighbouring Dongyi is a powerful and defensive nation, which fought against Shang Dynasty until it was conquered. There is a special person in SHIELD who works in the royal family. The Oracle said, "Zhen Dunyin has not come back yet. "(Collection 2 1659/ 1) Yin was a senior chief executive of Shang Dynasty, such as Yi Yin, the founding father of Shang Dynasty. Yi is his surname and Yin is his official name. Shield shadow, usually held by the leader of the shield family. Oracle Bone Inscriptions asked Dunyin to return to the central government, which shows Dunyin's high status and great power.

The shield side is a military power, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions shows that he often goes out for the Shang king, such as "Xinhai cloth, and the town shield takes its side." August. "(Collection 6754/ 1) This is the record of Wang Shang letting SHIELD conquer Fangfang." ... shield, week. December. "(Collection 6825/ 1)" Zhen Dun's collection is imperial ... "(Collection 7427/ 1)," Geng Zibu ... protects his collection. " (Collection 6974/ 1) Zhou Fang, Yu Fang and Fang Jia in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions above were all enemies of Shang Dynasty, and Dun was ordered to go out. It can be seen that Dunfang is a powerful nation with great achievements in culture, governance and martial arts, so it is highly valued by Shang Wang. There is also a record of "loyalty shield" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The possibility of the Shang king divining in the shield land is mostly used as a transit station or base on the way to patrol or conquer. Every time he goes to the next station, he will perform divination at the current station. The shield did not appear in the late Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and its outcome is unknown. There is no trace of the shield country in the inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, so it is speculated that it did not exist in the last years of Shang Dynasty.

Text/Yan Feng

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