What are the important customs of New Year in different countries?

In Song Dynasty, Wu said in Dream of the First Month: "The first day of the first month is called the New Year's Day, and the custom is called the New Year's Day. This is the first one. " Thus, in ancient times, Spring Festival and New Year were the same thing. In ancient times, New Year's Day was also called "New Year's Day and January Day". Yuan means "start", and Yuan Day is the first day of the year, which is equivalent to today's Spring Festival, that is, the Lunar New Year. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi once wrote a poem: "It's January Day", "Besides firecrackers, when the spring breeze enters Tu Su from send warm, every family always changes new peaches into old ones." The "January Day" in the poem refers to the present Spring Festival. Historically, different dynasties in China have different regulations on "New Year's Day, January Day and New Year's Day": the first day of the first month in the Xia Dynasty (65438+1); Shang Dynasty is the first day of December (65438+ February1); The first day of November in the Zhou Dynasty (165438+ 10/); The Qin Dynasty is the first day of October (65438+1October1); In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Deng Ping and others founded the "taichu calendar" and designated the first day of the first month as New Year's Day, which has been in use ever since until the Revolution of 1911. After the founding of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen followed the farming season in order to "do a good job in summer"; From the Gregorian calendar, it is convenient to calculate. It is determined that the first day of the first lunar month is the Spring Festival and the Gregorian calendar 1 is the New Year, which makes the difference between the Lunar New Year and the Gregorian New Year. 1 September, 949, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference passed the Law on the Chronology of AD, and officially named the Gregorian calendar1day as "New Year's Day". "Chinese New Year" means 1 month 1 day in the solar calendar. "Spring Festival" refers to the first day of the first lunar month. The Spring Festival in China is a traditional New Year and a festival. In Chinese, there is a difference between "year" and "festival". Year is the intersection of calendar years, and there is only one festival, while festival is a node in a year, and there may be multiple festivals. The year is stipulated by the calendar, and the festival is established by convention. The cultural connotation of the Spring Festival in China is that it is the beginning of a new year and everything is renewed. In China, it is also the point where people in China waste their lives. For example, if someone is 20 years old this year, it will be 2 1 after the Spring Festival. Gregorian New Year is not a traditional festival in China, but the result of using the current Gregorian calendar in China. Even its name "New Year" in China is borrowed from the lunar calendar. Today is the annual handover day and statistics day in China. To sum up, New Year's Day, January 1st and New Year's Day mentioned by the ancients refer to the traditional festivals in China-Spring Festival [the first day of the first lunar month]. Years change, and the four seasons cycle. It can be said that flowers are similar year after year, and people are different year after year. People in China attach great importance to the Spring Festival, but in the past and now, the South and the North have different concerns about the Spring Festival and different customs. The similarity is that the summary of the past year and the longing for the new year both convey people's yearning for a better life. Nian was once the name of an animal in ancient legends. This monster often comes to rob people of a year's harvest at the end of the year and often eats people for it. People should stay up all night at the end of the year, light firewood, keep warm and ward off evil spirits, and guard food. They also beat gongs and drums, or lit bamboo, making crackling sounds to deter and drive away the "Nian" beast. As a result, the custom of vigil, setting off firecrackers, burning fireworks and lighting lanterns was formed on New Year's Eve. Later, with the passage of time, "Nian" no longer competed with people for food, but evolved into an addictive, soul-grabbing and invisible monster, neither immortal nor demon nor beast, giving it more superstitious colors. Therefore, people have added some exorcism methods, such as pasting spells, inviting immortals, inviting animals, etc., namely Spring Festival couplets, pasting door gods, pasting New Year pictures, northern social fires, southern Nuo operas, dragon lanterns and playing with lions. In short, in ancient times, people's lives and property were not guaranteed because of frequent wars. Therefore, the customs in China are all carried out around ensuring peace. Later, with the changes of the times and the progress of society, especially after liberation, the old customs that people used to be afraid of have gradually been replaced by a cheerful atmosphere. The old custom has completely evolved into a traditional festival to celebrate the harvest, look forward to the future, enjoy delicious food, relax, visit relatives and friends and welcome the New Year, which has added endless fun to our lives. So, how do other countries in the world greet the New Year? What are the different customs of China people? On New Year's Day, British parents will clean the kitchen, thinking that this can drive away demons and live a happy life. There is also an ancient tradition that "egg divination" is held on New Year's Eve, that is, egg white is put into water to predict good or bad luck by its shape. Fasting In India, people fast for a day and a night to welcome the New Year. Fasting begins in the early hours of New Year's Day and ends at midnight. New Year Heroes Germans hold tree climbing competitions in the New Year. People cut off the branches and leaves of a tree in advance, leaving a trunk twenty or thirty feet high. On New Year's Day, young boys get together and compete. Whoever climbs to the top of the mountain first is the "New Year hero". Brazilians looking for the fruits of happiness regard a rare "golden birch" as a symbol of happiness. On the night before the New Year, when the bell struck twelve o'clock, people went out with their families, held high torches and flocked to the nearby mountains to look for golden birch trees. Snow Mountain Carnival During the New Year in China, Swiss people flocked to the snow-capped mountains, singing in the snow and ice, and having fun, so as to forget the troubles of the world and bathe the old feelings. In rural Belgium, on the first day of the new year, farmers get up early in the morning, go to horses, cows, cats, dogs and other animals and say "Happy New Year" to them. An important activity of Argentines on New Year's Day is to take a "New Year bath" in the river. They first spread a basket of petals on the water, and then the whole family jumped into the colorful sea of flowers and wiped the whole body with petals. It is said that this can wash away dirt and bad luck and get good luck. In some parts of Turkey, on New Year's Eve, people will eat New Year's Eve, keep their homes in good order, take their children and spend the night with friends and relatives who have made an appointment in advance, in order to "welcome the New Year", so staying over is very popular. Happy New Year's Dream In Japan, at midnight on1February 3 1 Sunday, when the temple beats gong 108, one hundred plus eight is regarded as happiness. When the last gong rang, people went to bed at once. It is very important to dream this night: whoever dreams of birds means good luck in the coming year; Whoever dreams of the sacred Mount Fuji means happiness in the coming year. Wildfire party: On New Year's Eve, Americans take swigging wine as a quick treat. North American Indians will hold a wildfire party, and the whole family will sit around the fire, singing and dancing, and carnival all night to welcome the New Year. At dawn, they took out their old clothes and threw them into the fire to burn them as a sign of the destruction of old clothes and the arrival of new clothes. On New Year's Eve, all Cubans, men, women and children, will prepare a bowl of water. When the church bell strikes twelve o'clock, everyone carries this bowl of water and throws it outside to show their old age. In addition, splashing water in Myanmar means washing away filth and removing bad luck for one year. The water spilled by India is also red, which means "happiness is imminent". Bury hatred in the California Peninsula of Mexico, every village has to dig a deep hole at the end of the year. On New Year's Eve, people threw the most annoying things into the hole. Everyone Qi Xin worked together to bury the hole and welcome the New Year with ease. Swedes celebrate the New Year with great ingenuity. In the New Year, many people make deer out of grass, fill them with firecrackers and fireworks, and sell them along the street. People like to buy this kind of deer to set it off to show that they will welcome the new year. Italians also inherited a custom in ancient Rome: on New Year's Day, every family lit bonfires day and night. It is said that this will be endless, and everything will go well in the new year. When you go to a friend's house to pay a New Year call, you should also bring a piece of coal and put it in the master's stove to show your blessing. On the day before New Year's Day, Colombians made a big puppet "Old Year" on every street to read the last words of the old year, which also indicated who got the property. Because these last words are funny, everyone enjoys it and is very happy. On New Year's Eve, people cheat each other and have fun. There was an explosion in the middle of the night, and the puppet was blown to pieces. Everyone kissed each other and sang and danced to congratulate them. Throwing old things in Italy, it is very unsafe to walk in the street at midnight on New Year's Eve, because just after twelve o'clock, all windows and balconies will throw old things, such as old chairs and broken washbasins. According to the custom, throw away the old things in the middle of the night and you will get the same new things in the new year. On New Year's Day, Peruvians will hold an ingenious activity: Fighting and Moving Stars. Men, women and children can play. It's a real fight, but it usually doesn't hurt people. There is a special referee at the scene to control the situation. Use such activities to release "bad luck" and welcome the New Year. On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together. When the church bell rings at twelve o'clock, everyone will compete for grapes. If you can eat twelve grapes with the bell, it means that every month of the new year is very smooth. Five-day Cold Food Festival Paraguayans designate the last five days of each year as the "Cold Food Festival". During these five days, from the head of state to the ordinary people, no fireworks can be set off, only cold food can be eaten. It is not until the bell rings at 0: 00 on New Year's Day that you can light the stove, cook food and celebrate the festival. They did this to commemorate their country's anti-colonial struggle. In that battle, five days before the New Year, the Paraguayan Revolutionary Army ran out of ammunition and was in trouble, but they still insisted on fighting. At the dawn of New Year's Day, reinforcements arrived and the situation turned around. At noon on New Year's Day, the revolutionary army set off fireworks and slaughtered pigs and cows to celebrate the victory.