Classical Chinese name of the exhibition hall

1.nbsp。 Ancient pavilions are different from ancient buildings in China (1). The main buildings in China's ancient buildings include halls and halls, among which halls are buildings dedicated to palaces, ceremonies and religions.

The names of halls and temples all appeared in the Zhou Dynasty. The word "hall" appeared earlier, which originally meant the part of the building that was open to the outside world.

The left and right sides of the hall are orderly, sandwiched in the middle, with rooms and compartments on both sides. Such a group of buildings are also collectively called halls, generally referring to the residential buildings of emperors, princes, doctors and scholars.

The word "temple" appeared late, originally meaning the appearance of Kobuko; Used in buildings, indicating tall and prominent position. Since the Han Dynasty, the hall generally refers to the main building and the first residence in the mansion, but the secondary buildings in palaces and temples can also be called halls, such as the "East-West Hall" in the palaces of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the lecture hall in Buddhist temples, and the Zhai Hall.

Temples and halls can be divided into three basic parts: steps, main building and roof. Among them, steps and roofs constitute the most obvious appearance features of China architecture.

Due to the limitation of feudal hierarchy, temples and halls are different in form and structure. The difference between temples and halls in the practice of steps appeared earlier: the main hall only has steps; The temple not only has steps, but also has its own characteristics, that is, in addition to its own pedestal, there is a high platform below as a pedestal, which is connected by long steps.

Temples are generally located in the center or main axis of palaces, temples, royal gardens and other buildings. The plane is mostly rectangular, but also square, round and I-shaped. The space and components of temples are often large, and the decorative techniques are also more exquisite.

Generally speaking, the hall is the main building in buildings, offices, houses and gardens. Its plane forms are diverse, its volume is moderate, its structural practices and decorative materials are simple, and it often shows more local characteristics. (2) Multi-storey buildings in ancient buildings in China.

There is a difference between early buildings and pavilions. A building refers to a heavy house, and a pavilion refers to a building with an overhead lower part and a high hanging bottom.

Generally, the pavilion is nearly square in plane and has two floors. It can sit horizontally and occupy the main position in the building complex. For example, there are pavilions in Buddhist temples, and Guanyin Pavilion in Dule Temple is an example. Buildings are narrow and curved, which often occupy a secondary position in buildings, such as Buddhist scripture building in Buddhist temples, back building in palaces, balcony building and so on. , located in the last row or left and right compartments of the building complex.

There is no strict difference between these two words, nbsp；; Ancient pavilions have many architectural forms and uses. The pagoda appeared in the Warring States Period.

The towers in the Han Dynasty all reached three floors. Quelou, Shilou, Wang Lou, etc. They are all pavilions and pavilions widely used in the Han Dynasty.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty believed in the magic of immortals and thought that building a high pavilion could become immortals. After Buddhism was introduced into China, a large number of pagodas were pavilions.

The wooden tower of Yongning Temple in Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty is "more than forty feet" high and can be seen hundreds of miles away. Saga Pagoda of Fogong Temple in Yingxian County, Shanxi Province was built in Liao Dynasty, with a height of 67.3 1 m, and it is still the highest existing ancient wooden structure in China.

Scenic buildings that can climb high and overlook are usually named after pavilions, such as the Yellow Crane Tower and Wang Tengting. The pavilions in ancient China were mostly made of wood and had many kinds of frames.

The high-rise building formed by overlapping squares in the shape of well site is called well type; Single-storey buildings are stacked layer by layer, forming a whole building and weighing the house. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, a layer of platform structure has been added between floors, with its inner eaves forming a concealed building and floor, and its outer eaves protruding out to form a platform. This form was called equal sitting in the Song Dynasty.

The upper and lower columns of each floor are not connected, and the structural connection mode is complicated. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the pavilion structure has connected all layers of wooden columns into long columns, and overlapped with beams to form a whole frame, which is called columns.

In addition, there are other changes in the framework of the pavilion. (3) Pavilion Small dot-like buildings around traditional buildings in China are open for people to stay and watch, and are also used as ceremonies, commonly known as pavilions, which appeared in the middle and late Northern and Southern Dynasties.

"Museum" also refers to the ancient grass-roots administrative institutions, in the form of guest houses. Pavilions are generally set in scenic places where people can stop and watch, such as hills, watersides, city heads, bridges and gardens. There are also some special-purpose pavilions, such as stele pavilions, well pavilions, sacrificial pavilions and bell pavilions.

Besides square, rectangle, circle and polygon, there are many forms such as cross, chain, plum blossom and fan-shaped pavilion. The roof of the exhibition hall has complex points, hills, cones and other forms.

A large pavilion can be built with double eaves or surrounded by buildings. Monuments and kiosks in tombs and ancestral temples can be made solemn, such as those in the Ming Changling mausoleum.

Large pavilions can be magnificent, such as Wanchun Pavilion in Jingshan, Beijing. Small pavilions can be made light and elegant, such as the triangle pavilion in Hangzhou.

Different forms of exhibition halls can produce different artistic effects. Structural practice, the pavilion structure is mostly wood, but also masonry structure.

Pavilions are mostly composed of pyramidal roofs and conical roofs. The pyramid with four corners appeared in Han Dynasty, and the pyramid with eight corners appeared in Tang Dynasty and Ming Dynasty.

The "pavilion bucket tip" contained in "Architectural Style" in Song Dynasty is similar to the umbrella frame structure. This practice can be seen in the gardens in the south of Qing Dynasty.

After the Ming and Qing dynasties, the square pavilion used corner beams, and the polygonal pavilion used baked beams, which were layered on top of each other. The structure of the rectangular pavilion is basically the same as that of the building.

(4) Cloisters Covered passages in ancient Chinese buildings, including cloisters and verandahs, have the basic functions of sun protection, rain protection and rest. Gallery is an important part of China's ancient architectural features.

As a transitional space between indoor and outdoor, the corridor under the cornice of the entrance hall is an important means to form a sense of realism and rhythm in architectural modeling. The cloisters around the courtyard play an important role in beautifying the pattern and volume of the courtyard space, which can cause different effects such as solemnity, liveliness, openness, profundity, occlusion and connectivity.

The veranda in the garden mainly plays the role of dividing scenic spots, causing various spatial changes and increasing scenery.

2. China classical Spring Rain Pavilion "Western Pavilion" originated from China's ancient view.

His poems are as follows: Xu Su Shi was a scholar at the age of 20 and was named Jingshi. Four years later, he took part in the system examination, was elected as "Jin Ce", was awarded a bachelor's degree, and signed the book as a judge of Fengxiangfu (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi).

In November of the sixth year of Jiaqing (106 1), Su Shi left Beijing for his post with full political enthusiasm and embarked on his official career. In the second year of Su Shi's arrival in Fengxiang, he began to build the official residence and built a pavilion facing north as a resting place.

However, it didn't rain for a long time this spring, but it rained heavily when the museum was built, and the officials and people were ecstatic. So Su Shi named this pavilion "Western Pavilion".

The story of the rain pavilion expresses his thoughts and feelings of having fun with the people by describing the reasons for the naming of the rain pavilion. The original pavilion was named after the rain, and it was also happy.

If the ancients were happy, they would use famous things to show that they would not forget. Duke of Zhou got the grain with the title of the book; Hanwu is famous for years; An enemy of Uncle Sun Sheng, named after his son.

His joy is uneven, and he never forgets one. Give it to the next year and then rule the official residence.

In order to stand in the north of the main hall, we dug a pond to drain water and plant trees in the south, thinking it was a resting place. It is the spring of another year, and the rain wheat has occupied the year in the sunshine of Qishan.

People are worried when it doesn't rain in the middle of the moon. In March, it was raining second base, and it was raining second base. People think this is not enough.

Ding Mao's heavy rain stopped in three days. Officials celebrate in the court, businessmen sing in the city, farmers linger in the wild, those who are worried are happy, those who are sick are treated, and my pavilion is suitable.

So he held the wine on the pavilion and told it as a guest, saying, "It won't rain for five days?" He said, "If it doesn't rain for five days, there will be no wheat." "It won't rain for ten days?" He said, "If it doesn't rain for ten days, the grain will not be harvested."

"No wheat, no food, hungry at the age of, prosperous prison litigation, thief zi chi. So my second son and my third son, although we also want to travel and enjoy this pavilion, have we got it? Today, we will not leave the people behind, but we will give them rain at the beginning of the drought.

Those who make me live in harmony with my second and third sons and enjoy this pavilion are all given by the rain. Can you forget? "The pavilion got its name from this, and then it was sung, saying," It makes the rain drop, which the cold can't think of; It makes it rain like jade, and hungry people will never think it is millet.

It has been raining for three days. Who can help? People say satrap. If there is no satrap, it is the son of heaven.

The son of heaven said otherwise, it was the return of creation. If you don't think you have succeeded, you will return to space.

Space is invisible and cannot be named. I am famous for my pavilion. "

Note 1 record: record 2 Wo: Zhou Chengwang's half-brother Tang Shu got a different Wo. This kind of grain is two grains born in different fields, but they are combined into an ear.

So he gave it to the king, and the king gave it to the duke of Zhou. After the Duke of Zhou collected the grain, he wrote a golden harvest.

Jiahe has been lost, and there is only one title left in Shangshu. (History Book Zhou Shuwei Zisheng) 3 Ding: According to the records of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in May of the first year of Ding Yuan (BC 1 16), Baoding was dividing water, so it was changed to the first year of Ding Yuan.

According to the research of Tongjian, Debaoding should be in Ding Yuan for four years, and then it was renamed as Ding Yuan. The revenge of uncle was named after his son: in the eleventh year of Lu Wengong, the northern emperor made the country not attack Lu, and Lu Wengong sent his uncle and grandson to defend the enemy, defeating the monarch Qiao Ru, and named him after his son Qiao Ru to show his merits.

5 Fufeng: Fengxiang House, now Fengxiang House in Shaanxi. Su Shi was the judge of Fengxiang House, and served in Jiayou for six years (A.D. 106 1).

6 next year: the second year. 7 Rain Wheat: Wheat in the world.

Qishan, now Qishan County, Shaanxi Province. Jen, divination.

Year after year. One year means a bumper harvest.

In the spring of drought in the article, wheat fell in the air south of Qishan, which was considered as a sign of harvest after divination. (In ancient times, the south of the mountain was called Yang, and the north of the mountain was called Yin) 8 meters: people.

Next month, the whole month. Rain, rain.

Client 9: Yes, right now. 10 Mao Yi: the second day of April; Jia Zi, April 11th; Ding Mao, April 14th.

1 1 Bianca: Happy, happy. 12 is a preposition, so.

The object is omitted here. 13 genus (zh incarnation): same as' persuading wine', persuading wine.

Being a guest is to pour wine for the guests. 14 recommendation: heavy position.

Recommend hunger, frequent famine. 15 youyou: the rhyme is continuous and leisurely.

16 creation: creator. 17 nouns: nouns are used as verbs and named.

18 governance: construction. 19 stone: This pavilion is named after rain to commemorate a festival.

In ancient times, when there were happy events, they were used to name things to show that they would never forget. When the Duke of Zhou got rice grains from the emperor, he used "Golden Harvest" as the title of his article. When Emperor Wudi got Baoding, he called it Ding Yuan. Uncle Sun Chende defeated the enemy, so he took Qiaoru as his son name.

Their happy events are different in size, but they have the same meaning. It was not until the second year of Fufeng that the official residence was built. I built a pavilion in the north of the main hall, dug a pond in the south, drew running water and planted trees as a resting place.

This spring, wheat planted to the south of Qishan. I thought it would be a good year. However, it didn't rain for a whole month, so people were worried.

It rained on the third day of March, and it rained again on Jiazi Day. People think this is not enough. It rained heavily again on Ding Mao Day, and it didn't stop for three days. Officials celebrated together in the yard, businessmen sang together in the market, and farmers laughed together in the field. So, the sad people were happy, the sick people were cured, and my pavilion was just created.

So I held a banquet in the pavilion and told the guests about it by persuading them to drink. I asked them, "Can it not rain for five days?" They replied,' If it doesn't rain for five days, the wheat won't grow. "Asked again," it doesn't rain for ten days? "They replied," If it doesn't rain for ten days, you can't grow live rice. "

"Without wheat and rice, the years are naturally deserted, there are many lawsuits, and thieves are rampant. So even if you and I want to have fun on this pavilion, is it possible? Now God does not abandon the people here. It rains whenever there is drought, so that I can play and enjoy music with you in this pavilion. Thank you for the gift of this rain! Can this be forgotten again? " After naming the pavilion with it, I went on to sing.

The lyrics say: "if there is a pearl in the world, people who suffer from cold can't use it as a short coat;" If there is white jade in the world, hungry people can't take it as food. It rained for three days. Whose strength is this? The people say it's the satrap, and the satrap says it doesn't have this power.

Thanks to the son of heaven, the son of heaven denied it. Return.

3. How to write 1 in the ancient prose of Xingkong Pavilion, draw a cold screen with silver candle and Qiu Guang, and light a small fan to pounce on fireflies? Day and night are as cool as water. Sit and watch the morning glory and Vega.

2, the moon is dark and windy, and the fishing lamp is high, and a little firefly is lonely. Slight wind and waves, scattered like river stars.

Crane is alive, but Philip Burkart is empty. Some people lean on their sticks in autumn water and under the moon. Yushu night dew, the Milky Way Wan Lifeng. Wandering with infinite meaning comes out late.

4. Meng Dong is cold and the north wind is sad. Worry knows the night is long and the audience admires it. Three or five months are full, and four or five toads are short. A guest from afar brought me a letter. The letter first said that he often missed me, and then said that he had been separated for a long time. This letter is placed on the chest in the sleeve, and it is still indelible after three years of writing. I love you with all my heart, I'm afraid you don't understand.

5, the autumn wind is bleak, the weather is freezing, the vegetation is frosting, and the lyrics are back. I miss you and your guests, and my heart breaks. I miss my hometown, so why should I leave it for a long time to send it to each other? I am alone in my room, afraid of forgetting my worries, and I don't feel tears on my clothes. Short songs cannot be long. The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west. Penny and Weaver looked at each other from a distance. Why should I restrict the river beam?

6, the snow in the mountain city, the jade refers to the cold, and the building sighs. There are several plum blossoms in the south of the Yangtze River, and there are plenty of fragrant grass in the sea. The stars are dotted and the moon is round. Go back to the river and get into the cups and plates. There are 3,000 romantic poems by Hanlin, and I sent them to Wu Ji with tears in my eyes.

7, mica screen candle shadow is deep, the long river gradually falls and the stars sink. Chang 'e, I must regret eating the elixir, and now I am alone, in the blue sky, singing every night.

4. How do you call the ancient pavilion railing a bed?

The description of the well bed or the railing beside the bed was first seen in the book Huainan Wang in the early Han Dynasty. There is "digging silver as a bed in the back garden and pouring cold slurry into the gold vase." It was used much more after the Tang Dynasty; There is a saying in Li Shangyin's "Fu Hou", "Don't accept gold bullets and throw them outside the forest, but cherish the silver bed at the wellhead." In Su Weidao's Yong Jing, there is "exquisite jade threshold, clear silver bed." There is a saying in Li Bai's "Drinking Alone on Twelve Cold Nights" that "the wine night is white and the jade bed is full of ice". In Li He's Song of Digging Well in the Back Garden, there is "the anchor machine on the well turns up", and in Du Fu's poem "Winter Visit to the North Xuanyuan Temple in Luocheng", there is "the kite blows the jade column and the well freezes silver". Well beds or railings can neither sit nor lie, but can only play the role of protection and support at most. How could it have anything to do with the bed? This will start with the wall; Make a wall according to the wall of Shuo Wen Jie Zi. "Wall, calendar is also. From the sound point of view. " Also "Erya Shi Ming" "Wall, obstacle, so self-obstacle." The original wall should be what Mencius and Teng Wengong said. "The bottom is a nest, and the top is a camp." In order to avoid disasters, people living in low-altitude nests and high-altitude caves must have "walls" and roofs. More than 5000 years BC, the ancients living in Hemudu have developed a simple nest into a dry fence building. The building area is 300 square meters, with a front porch 1.7 meters wide and 20 meters long. It can be seen that the ancients had mastered the technology of building protective railings long ago.

5. How to say wicker pavilion in classical Chinese (modern Chinese)

(classical Chinese) willow branches cover the pavilion

(Xi Liu Man Ting)

The picture is taken from Baidu picture.