Examples of unbelief in superstition. Please give examples of ancient or modern great men who did not believe in superstition.

Now, Ximen Bao is the county magistrate. When he goes to Yexian, he will gather the local old people and ask them about the sufferings of the common people. These people said, "Suffering from marrying Hebo, the local people are poor." Ximen Bao asked what was going on, and these people replied, "Every year, the three elders and Ting Yi in Ye County collect taxes from the common people and collect millions. They only used two or three hundred thousand of them to marry Hebo, and the rest were taken home with Zhu Wuping. When it was time to marry Hebo, the Wizarding Line Patrol saw a beautiful woman from a small family and said,' This woman is suitable to be Hebo's wife'. Get married right away. Give her a bath and shampoo, make her a new silk flower dress, let her live alone, take a bath and fast; For this reason, she made a secluded and fast house for her by the river, and hung red and yellow silk curtains. The woman lived there and prepared beef and wine for her. In this way, after more than ten days, everyone decorated the bed pillow like a married daughter, let the woman sit on it, and then floated into the river. At first, it floated on the surface of the water, and then it floated for dozens of miles and then sank. Those families with beautiful women are worried that the wizard wants to marry them for Herb, so most of them run away with their daughters. For this reason, cities have become more and more empty and empty, leading to more and more poverty, which has lasted for a long time from the beginning. There is a saying among the common people, "If you don't marry Hebo, there will be a flood, and those common people will be drowned. Ximen Bao said, "When it's time to marry Bob, I hope the three elders, Wu Zhu and my father will all go to the river to see the bride off. Fortunately, please tell me, and I will send this woman away. " These people all said, "OK. "

Wei Wenhou and Ximen Bao are at his command. When leopards arrive at Ye, they will meet their elders and ask the people about their sufferings. The elder said, "It's hard for Hebo to marry a woman, so she will be poor." When the leopard asked him why, he said to him, "Ye Sanlao and Ding Yi always collect millions from the people, use their 200,000 to 300,000 to marry Hebo, and share the rest with Zhu Wu. At that time, Xing Wu treated her family as a good woman and said, "It's for Hebo. "Take it away at once. Bathe it, heal new clothes, and fast in seclusion; In order to rule the Saigon River, Zhang Tijiang hung a curtain in which a woman lived. She walked for more than ten days for a meal with cows and wine. * * * whitewash it, for example, marry a woman's mattress and let her live on it and float in the river. At first, the number of rows was ten miles. There was a good woman in his family, and she was afraid that the witch would take it for Hebo, so she ran away with many women. The old city was empty and poor, and it never took long. As the saying goes,' If you don't marry Hebo, the water will float away and drown his people'. " Ximen Bao said, "I married Hebo, and I hope Sanlao, Wuzhu and my father will send her to the river. Fortunately, I will send her to the river. They all said, "Promise. "

On the day she married Hebo, Ximen Bao went to the river to meet her elders. People, officials, rich and powerful people and local elders will also gather here, and there will be two or three thousand people watching the fun. The witch is a seventy-year-old woman. Followed by a dozen female disciples, all dressed in silk light clothes, standing behind the old witch. Ximen Bao said, "Call Hebo's daughter-in-law and I'll see if she's beautiful." People immediately helped the woman out of the curtain and went to Ximen Bao. Ximen Bao glanced at the woman and turned to Sanlao, Wuzhu and other elders and said, "This woman is not beautiful. Please report to Hebo in the river for me. She needs to find another beauty and send it in a few days. " Tell the police officers to pick up the big witch and throw it into the river. After a while, she said, "Why did the witch go so long? Tell her apprentice to rush her! " Throwing one of her disciples into the river. After a while, he said, "What took this disciple so long? Send another person to rush them! " Throw another disciple into the river. A total of * * * threw three disciples. Ximen Bao said, "Disciple, these are women, so we can't make things clear. Please explain the situation for me. " Throwing people into the river. Ximen Bao stood respectfully for a long time, with a pen in his hand, facing the river. Watching the elders, Ting Yi and others were frightened. Ximen Bao said, "What shall we do if the witch and the people don't come back?" I want to send another Master Kong or Chang Hao to the river to urge them. These people are scared to their knees, their heads broken, their foreheads spattered with blood, and their faces are as white as ashes. Ximen Bao said, "OK, you stay and wait for them for a while." After a while, Ximen Bao said, "Ting Tao can get up. It seems that Hebo will stay here for a long time. Let's all go and go home. " Officials and ordinary people in Yexian county are very afraid. From then on, they never dared to talk about marrying Hebo.

At that time, Ximen Bao reached the river. Three elders, officials, nobles and elders, parents and elders all know each other, and there are 3 thousand people who look at people. The witch, the old woman, is seventy years old. Judging from the ten female disciples, they all wore a single coat and made a great queen. Ximen Bao said, "Call Mrs. Hebo and treat her ugly." That is, women will come out of the curtains and come to the front. The leopard regarded him as a three-year-old man, and Wu Zhu and his son said, "It's the woman who is not good. I am so bored that I want to invite a good woman to report to Hebo and send it the next day. " Even if collectors pawn * * * threw himself into the river. After a while, he said, "How long will the witch stay? Disciples are interested? " After that, he was thrown into the river by a disciple. After a while, he said, "What about disciple? Make one person interesting again! " An apprentice who went back to the river. The third disciple of Fantou. Ximen Bao said, "Wu Zhou and his disciples are women, so we can't do things for nothing. It's no use disturbing three old people. "Reinvest in the people's old river. Ximen Bao broke his pen and stayed in the river for a long time. The elders, officials and audience were frightened. Ximen Bao said, "What shall we do if Wu Zhou and the people don't come back? "I want the court and the elderly to be interested again. They all kowtowed, kowtowed and broke, their foreheads were bleeding and their faces were as white as ash. Ximen Bao said, "Promise, let it be for the time being." After a while, the leopard said, "The court is here. It seems that Hebo stayed for a long time and stopped to go home. "Ye and the people are afraid, so they dare not say anything about getting married in Hebo.

Ximen Bao then gathered the people to dig twelve canals to divert the Yellow River water to irrigate the farmland, and all the fields were irrigated. At that time, the people were a little annoyed and tired when they opened the canal, so they were reluctant. Ximen Bao said: "Ordinary people can be happy with their success, and can't consider the beginning of things together. Although my parents and children now think that they suffer because of me, they can expect that they will remember what I said today in a hundred years. " Up to now, Yexian has provided convenient water, so the people have given their families enough to live a rich life.

Ximen Bao immediately sent people to dig twelve canals and irrigate people's fields with river water, and all the fields were irrigated. At that time, the people managed the canal with little trouble and were unwilling. The leopard said, "people can be happy, but they can't start with worry." Although my parents and children suffered from me today, they reminded my parents and children of me at the end of their centenary. " So far, water conservancy has provided enough wealth for the people.

Fan Zhen boasts that he has no Buddha.

Fan Zhen boasts that there is no Buddha. Liang Zi said, "If you don't believe in cause and effect, how can there be rich and poor?" Zhen said, "Life.

Such as trees and flowers, scattered with the wind: or blowing curtains and falling mats, or closing fences and falling dung. Those who fell on the mat,

Your highness is also; Those who drop dung are also officials. Although the way is different, where is the cause and effect! "

It's not difficult to be a good person. Zhen also wrote "On the Extinction of God", saying: "The form of quality is the nature of God, and the form of use is also the nature of God. God has a body,

Jude is for the knife; I've never heard of one without a knife, but I can't live without an operation. How can I get God there? "This theory is full of noise and difficulties.

You can't bend Wang Yan of Taiyuan wrote an ironic remark: "Alas, Fan Zi! I don't know its ancestors.

Where is God! "For Du Zhen after. Zhen said to him, "Alas, Prince! Know where their ancestors are, but don't kill them.

Follow it! Wang Rong, Liang Zi's special envoy, said: "Only your talent can make you beautiful, so why don't you suffer from Zhong Shulang?" So, talking about it is a good idea.

What a pity! It should be destroyed urgently. "Zhen smiled." This has made Fan Zhen sell his theory and become an official. " .

Order, servant, is the book lang evil! "

Chong Wang

/view/5 163 1.htm Wang Chong's Philosophical Thought

Wang Chong was an outstanding materialist thinker and educator in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His philosophy can be summarized as follows:

(a) "Nature is doing nothing"

Wang Chong believes that heaven and earth are natural material entities without will, and the movement and change of everything in the universe and the generation of things are the results of natural inaction. He believes that everything is generated by material "qi" and natural movement, "heaven and earth are harmonious, and everything is self-generated." The victory or defeat between creatures is due to the strength of various creatures' muscles, the strength of their momentum and the dexterity of their movements, rather than the intentional arrangement of heaven, and heaven is not a personality god with the meaning of nature.

(2) "Heaven cannot be born"

Wang Chong believes that heaven is natural and man is also a product of nature. "People are also a kind of thing; Things, things are also ",thus cutting off the connection between heaven and man. He carried forward Xunzi? Quot Ming is better than the difference between heaven and man. " He said: "People can't feel the sky with actions, and the sky can't respond to people with actions. "He believes that social politics and morality have nothing to do with natural disasters. The so-called' harmony between man and nature' is only the result of people comparing heaven with their own ideas.

(3) God destroys ghosts.

Wang Chong believes that life is death. Man can be born because he has breath and blood. "When a man dies, his blood is exhausted, but his breath is extinguished. When his body decays, it becomes dust. What's the use of being a ghost? " He thinks that people die like fire. Why can there be light when the fire goes out? He gave a materialistic explanation of human spiritual phenomena, thus denying the existence of ghosts and breaking the superstition of "retribution of good and evil".

(4) Today is better than the past.

Wang Chong opposes the view of "respecting heaven and learning from the ancients" and thinks that modern people and the ancients are "harmonious but different". Today's people are as popular as the ancients. It is groundless to say that the ancients are always better than today's people, and there is no reason to praise the ancients. He thinks that Han has made progress in the past, and Han is above EMI because Han is behind EMI. This view is completely contrary to the view that the sky will not change and the road will not change.

Seven, "on balance"

"The disease is fake, and the ancient reality is ridiculous."

Lun Heng was written by Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty (27-97). It was written in the third year of Han Yuanhe (86), and there are 85 existing articles.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Confucianism dominated the ideological field, but different from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucianism was mystical and mixed with divination theory, which turned Confucianism into Confucianism. Its owner is the "national constitution", and the classic is the white tiger Yi Tong ordered by the emperor. Wang Chong's book Lun Heng aims to criticize this kind of Confucian prophecy and mysticism. Lun Heng expounds the microscopic theory, explains the doubts in the secular world, and distinguishes right from wrong, that is, makes false statements based on "reality". The original meaning of the word "balance" is a kind of balance, and the theory of balance is the balance to evaluate the value of speech at that time. Its purpose is to "recognize chaos and make people know the difference between truth and falsehood" (On the Balance of Opposites). Therefore, it is an immortal materialist philosophical document in ancient times.