What is Mesopotamian mythology?

Hello, Mesopotamian mythology can be seen in Enuma ehrlich and Ode to the Forgotten.

Mesopotamian mythology is the oldest myth in the world.

Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian religions popular in ancient Mesopotamia (mostly in present-day Iraq) from the 30th century BC to the 7th century BC. It belongs to polytheism and is one of the earliest ancient religions recorded in literature. Sumerian religion is the earliest model of Mesopotamian religion. Its genealogy, worship ceremony and classic documents were inherited by the Babylonian religion of Akkadian people after18th century BC, and then by Assyrians in12nd century BC. There are traces of animal worship, and the gods are gradually anthropomorphic, mostly half-beast and half-man. Around the 20th century BC, religious thoughts had been formed. The gods developed into various types: omnipotent and unreachable high-order gods, such as Anu, Enlil and Yiya; In natural phenomena, some gods have mysterious powers, such as Xin, Shamash, Nong Shen and Du, the goddess of spring. In the south, the important gods were mostly city-state gods at first; In the north, it is the god of nature who works in the universe. Numerous Babylonian myths and legends are mainly found in the Epic of Babylon. Babylonians believed that God was quiet and peaceful, and they all lived in temples in an orderly way. They raised Marduk, the patron saint of Babylon, to the top of the gods. The warlike Assyrians thought the gods were capricious and frightening. The Lord God is ashur. In the heyday of Assyrian Empire (8th century), it replaced Marduk and was regarded as the god who created the world and human beings. Mesopotamian religion believed that God was super-existent and inner. Gods are served faithfully by priests and people in temples, and they listen to people's prayers, all of which reflect their style in heaven. There are full-time priests and magnificent temples. The main content of sacrifice is to sacrifice food and clothes; The hymn is sung by court musicians in the name of God. The priest presided over the prayer. Religious activities are not limited to worship ceremonies, but also include many exorcism spells and divination. However, they are pessimistic about the end of the soul, thinking that there is no judgment after death, no heaven to look forward to, and the soul will live in the underworld forever. Mesopotamian religions and myths have a significant influence on the Bible, especially the Old Testament.

The god of Babylon

Anu

Sumerian gods, Akkadians called Anum. The head of the gods in Mesopotamia. Although its image is vague, its primacy has always been recognized by successive dynasties, and it has been recorded in code of hammurabi. The spouse is the goddess Antum.

Enlil (enlil)

It means "Lord of Breathing" or "Spirit". The second great god in Sumerian religion. Is considered the sacred master of the world. It is described in scripture as a terrible god, flooding the earth. The worship center is in Nip (located in the southeast of Babylon). He was replaced by Marduk in the Epic of Babylon.

Bell (bell)

Mesopotamian religion, the God of Milla (located in the northeast of Damascus). Its name comes from Akkadian, which means "Lord". It was originally the title of enlil, and was later won by Marduk and ashur. The Baylor Temple in Pale Milla is famous for its rich religious sculptures.

Marduk (Marduk)

The patron saint of Babylon. There is no lofty position among Sumerian religious gods. After the political rise, Babylon was highly respected and became the head of the gods. Babylon's epic is portrayed as the son of God Ia; The gods recognized him as God and built a huge temple for him in Babylon. He also said that with the help of the goddess Aruru, he created the world and human beings with the body of the primitive monster Ti Amat he killed.

Ashur (ashur)

The god and god of war of Assyrian religion. Originally it was the Assyrian tribal god and the local city of ashur, Assyrian city. /kloc-After the 0/8th century, it gradually became equivalent to the Enlille God of Sumerian religion. King Sargon II of Assyria equated it with Mount Ann Shahr. In order to compete with Babylon for public influence, sargon's successor also attributed the creation myth from Babylonian god Marduk and Babylonian New Year to ashur. He was also regarded as the symbolic ruler of the Assyrian empire and the protector of the Assyrian army, and even had a ceremony for the Assyrian king to submit a written report to him.

Adade

The god of storms in Babylon and Assyria. It is called Ishkur in Sumer. Thunder is its voice and lightning is its weapon. Although people are afraid of his destructive power, they also love him because he rains and brings a bumper harvest. In Ji Gamez's epic, he directed the flood to drown the earth under the command of Enriel.

hard

Also known as Nanna, it means "Heaven and Man". The Mesopotamian moon god. This picture shows a famous bearded old man wearing a crescent crown. It is also known as the "God of the Moon" and keeps order at night. Among the Mesopotamian gods, Shamasi was the father of the sun god and Isita. The main worship center is Ur, a Sumerian city, and the other center is Harlan.

Istar (Istar)

An important goddess in Mesopotamia. In Sumer, it is also called Innina. She is regarded as the daughter of Xin, the sister of the sun god Shamas, and the lover of the god of agriculture and spring. With dual personality, one is the god of war, and the other is the god of love and harvest. It also has the nature of a drug god. Orik, the main worship center, is served by prostitutes. Many later Middle Eastern goddesses took her as their prototype.

Chamach (Chamach)

Sumerian sun god in Mesopotamia. Usually equivalent to Sumerian sun god Utu. Its temple is called babar, and its appearance is that the sun ring rises from two mountains in the east. In the procession of the gods, the image is the rider (before the emergence of Islam, the Semitic people, the horse is the symbol of the sun). It is the promoter of "justice". Sumerians regarded him as the god of war, and Akkadians (Babylonians) regarded him as the winner of all darkness between heaven and earth. To the world, he is the giver of light and life, the inspector of the soul and the source of law and justice. He married his father Xin and his sister Isita as the three gods; Spouses are friends.

Dumuzi (Dumuzi)

Also known as Dumuzid. Sumerian agriculture and the god of spring. Myth says he was Isita's lover. He also said that the season changed because he was killed in midsummer every year, and Isita went down to the underworld to save him. Since then, all life on the earth has stopped. The next spring, Isita saved him from the underworld and the earth came back to life. It occupies an important position in Mesopotamia and is worshipped in medical ceremonies together with Isita (he symbolizes the patient and Isita symbolizes the doctor). However, due to the pessimistic view of Mesopotamian religion about the end of the soul, he was not the savior who came back from the dead.

Nagel

It means "the power of a huge house". The god of the underworld in Mesopotamia. Although it looks terrible and scary, it is not a devil, but one of the four masters of the Mesopotamian universe. The original worship center was in Kutu near Babylon.

Alatum (Alatum)

Latin antithesis of Akkadian. The goddess of the underworld in Mesopotamia. Also known as "Ir-Kal-al", that is, personalized underworld. Also known as "Eresh-ki-gal", it means "daughter of the earth".

Cournou gia

The name of Sumer's "underground world" in Mesopotamian religion. It means "land of no return"; The corresponding Akkadian name is "Ji-Galle" or "Kigalou", which means "the earth". Also known as "Elsat". Sometimes it is personified and called "Mrs. Earth", which is equivalent to Alatum.

Yiya (East Asia)

Formerly known as Enqi. The water god of Mesopotamia. Ranked third among the gods of Mesopotamia. Marduk's father. Originated from Sumerian religion. He is the god of creation, but not the creator of the universe, but the creator of mankind and culture, and also the god of wisdom and magic. In the myth of Babylonian epic, he once suggested to Uta-Napishtim about the coming flood. The worship center is in Eridu.

Etana (Etana)

King Kish listed in the chronology of the Sumerian emperor. Babylonian and Assyrian literature and legends recorded the fairy story of his ascending to heaven by riding an eagle, saying that he wanted to find a kind of "wocao" to establish a dynasty.

Adapa

The legendary hero of the ancient Mesopotamian city of Eredu. According to the fairy tales contained in the fragments of ancient documents, he was summoned by Anu God for trial for breaking the wings of the south wind. His patron saint, yiya, warned him not to accept any drinks and food, because diet would determine his fate. Anu forgave him and gave him "the bread of life" and "the water of life", but he refused to accept it and lost his eternal life.

Apsu (APSU)

The original sweet water in Babylonian epic and its personalized form. Combined with amath (primitive ocean), the god of Mesopotamia was born. He was later killed by the Ia god. Legend has it that the temple of Ia was built on it.

Ti amath (Ti amath)

Primitive ocean and its personification in Babylon Epic. Images are dragons or monsters. After being killed by Marduk, his body was used by Marduk to create the world and human beings.

Ansar (Ansar), Kishal (Kishal)

In the founding myth of Mesopotamia, Ansar is the "cliff of heaven" and Giza is the twin brother and sister. Ansar is a primitive man, Giza is a primitive man, and they meet on the horizon. Apsu and Amar's children, or their twin children Lahamu and Lahham. They are Anu's parents. [Rahab and Rahab interact in the Bible? ]

The Forgotten (forgotten one)

A legendary hero in Mesopotamian mythology. It was first seen in Sumerian lithographs. According to the chronology of Emperor Sumer, he ruled Sumer for about 900 years. Is the protagonist in the epic poem of Gilgamesh, the son of the goddess Sun Ning. He is described as two-thirds god and one-third man, but not immortal.

Enkidu (Enkidu)

Characters in Mesopotamian mythological epics. In order to control the cruel rule of the forgotten, God Anu created Enkidu to accompany the forgotten. Originally a savage who matched the beast; After coitus with the gods, he became civilized, met the forgotten and became his friend and servant. The goddess Isita wanted to marry Jigames, but she was rejected. She sent a magic cow to touch her to death. Enkidu killed the cow to save her, and she was furious. Enkidu dreamed that the gods Anu, Iya and Shamasi thought he should die, but he was ill and dreamed that a house made of dust was waiting for him to live, and he died soon.

Oannes

Babylonian mythology, half man, half fish, terrible monster. In the flood times, he taught the Babylonians civilization and various skills. It is included in the Babylonian-Chaldean History written by the Babylonian priest Berosou.

Berosos/Berosos

Marduk's priest. In the 2nd century BC (or in the middle of the 3rd century BC), the history of Babylon-Chaldea was written in Greek, which recorded the Babylonian myths about creation and floods. The original book ***3 volumes, which has been lost, is only kept in the history books of Yue Se Fowles and Eusebius. Later generations found that some famous works were mostly cosmetic.

Sumer-Akkad spectrum

Anunnaki: the general name of the gods of heaven, earth and the underworld.

The floorboard of gods.

God: A Sumerian name. Akkadian name anu); Tianhou: Antum

Lord of the world: enlil; Ilir's wife: Nimriel

Lord of the abyss: Iya (Akkad name. Sumerian name Enqi); Mother God: Ningtu (also known as Ninghulsag)

Hades: Naigard, Alexis Sigal (meaning "Goddess of the Earth"). Also known as Ilkalula, meaning the underworld)

Goddess: Inanna, Akkad's name is Isita. The epic forgotten one is the daughter of Ning Shen, but it is usually regarded as the daughter of Moon God.

Luna: (Akkad Ming Xin); Wife: Ningel.

Temple guard: Liz, bird essence. He stole Ilir's destiny card and tried to stand on his own feet. He was finally defeated by Ninurta, the son of Ilir.

Lord of Thunderstorm: Adade, also known as Baal haddad in Canaan and Syria.

Sun God: Sumer's name is Utu, and Akkad's name is Shamasi. Luna's son and Inanna's brother.

Army God: Ninurta, the "ceremonial officer of the gods", the eldest son of Ilir.

The God of Cholera and War: Irula

God of Abundance: Sumer's name is Du Muji, and Akkad's name is Dumuzid. Originally a Sumerian animal husbandry god, it was transformed into an agricultural god in Akkadian period.

Sheila: The God of Marvin, the son of Inanna.

The Highest Wise Man: Haasis, Noah in the Old Testament. Survived the flood and was endowed with immortality and divinity.

Mother God: aruru

Nisaba: Goddess of Agriculture and Learning

Sumkan: the God of Livestock

Sponsors of uruk: Sun Ning and Luger Banda.

Goddess of Destiny: Mamu Menam

Messengers who forecast storms: Schulardt and Hanis.

Ennuki: the security officer of the gods (equivalent to the director of the central office)

Namta: God of Fate, Death and Disease

Fava: the God of Disease

Lamuga: Woodworking God. In Sumerian mythology, the gods killed two Lamugas and made humans out of their remains.

The first man and woman: Anu regal La, Annai Garla, the first person in Sumerian mythology.

Enriel's parents: Ennur, Ninur.

God of grain: Eginu and Ashnan

Ningjishi: God of lagache.

God of light: Ugu

Pabirshag: the owner of Lalak.

Soder: Lord of Shepak.

Saturnalia: Enzimudu, in Sumerian mythology, has a legend that he and Du Muji compete for Inanna. After folk processing, it is considered to be the earliest drama in the world.

Ningshpur: Inanna's waitress

Nieti: the gatekeeper of hades

Galatulu and Kurgara: Elves Made by Ia.

Gala: a group of elves in hades

La attalla: Inanna's entourage.

Gerstina: Dumuzid's sister and brother take turns to go to hades every six months to accept death.

Nimafu: The Goddess of Keshi City

Ning Yi Xin Na: Yi Xincheng Goddess

Ning Ashti: Goddess of Lalek City

Wushayuan: Marvin Goddess

Gods of Ragac City: Bao, Abu Baba, Gatum Duoji, Ninggula, Dumuji Abuz, Nimar.

God of the storm: Chingaruda

Gibir

Nuske: Premier Ilir.

Karukulu: The Guardian of Nuske

Goddess of Fertility: Berets Yili, Ningtu, aruru, Inanna, mamie.

Lulu: Primitive Man

Viera: In Haasis, it is recorded that the gods killed Viera, a god with personality, and then made man with his flesh and blood.

Pacito: Ghosts and gods

Lahamu: The water monster.

Fenbaba: the essence of trees

Pa Succar: Son of luna, follower of the great God.

Asushnamir: eunuch created by IA.

Irablat: Minister of Tranquility

Jizizida: the gatekeeper of heaven

Ning Calaque: The Goddess of Healing.

Dagan: Assyrian God in Akkadian period.