Why is Jiang Ziya also called Lv Wang?

Jiang Taigong, namely Jiang Shang (historically known as King Taigong; History books are called Lu Shang and Lv Wang; Commonly known as, Jiang Ziya), it was originally named Jiang in the name of Emperor Yan. Because his ancestor Boyi was a four-mountain, he was the rank master at that time and gave me three gifts, which made great contributions to land and water. He was an important official of Emperor Yu, and was named Lu Hou, given the surname Jiang, and sealed in Ludi (located in Dongying Village, Wangcun Township, Wolong District, Nanyang City, Henan Province, where Jiang Ziya was born). It is the ancestor of Lu, and later generations gave it a surname (according to the provisions of men's surnames named after places before and after Qin Dynasty), so it is called Lu Shang. It must be Lu who enjoys the sacrifice of Qi, so according to historical records, the son of Gai Taigong, who died for more than 100 years, is Ding; -In the twenty-sixth year of Kang Gong, Lu refused to worship.

According to legend, the predecessor was a noble, so it was called Lu and Lu Shang. Jiang Ziya's family has fallen, Jiang Ziya.

When Jiang Shang became a poor man. In order to make a living, Jiang Shang slaughtered cattle and sold meat in Shangdu Chao Ge (now Qixian County, Henan Province) and sold wine in Jin Meng (now northeast Mengjin County, Henan Province) when he was young. Although he is poor, he is ambitious, studies hard, and always studies and discusses ways to govern and rejuvenate the country in order to make great achievements and serve the country one day. Until my later years, I finally met the opportunity to display my talents.

At that time, it was the period when the Shang Dynasty, a great eastern country, went into decline. Yin is brutal and dissolute, political affairs are corrupt, society is dark, economy collapses, people are suffering and full of complaints. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Xibe Jichang (later Zhou Wenwang) advocated benevolent policies, developed the economy, and implemented the policy of building the country through thrift and enriching the people. As a result, the society was clear and the people were stable, and the country became stronger and stronger. All the people in the world fell in love with Zhou, and all the governors were looking forward to it. Jiang Shang, full of courage, learned that Ji Chang was recruiting talents in order to govern the country and rejuvenate the country, so he resolutely left the Shang Dynasty and came to live in Panxi River, the territory of the Western Zhou Dynasty on the bank of Wei River, fishing all day and waiting for the change of the world. One day, while fishing in Panxi, Jiang Shang happened to meet Xibe Jichang, a hunter. They met by chance and had a good chat.

Seeing that Jiang Shang was knowledgeable and familiar with history and the current situation, Ji Chang asked him for advice on how to govern and rejuvenate the country. Jiang Shang immediately put forward the "three invariants" and said: "On the one hand, the monarch mainly takes the promotion of sages as the normal state. On the one hand, officials should take Ren Xian as the normal state. On the other hand, scholars should respect sages as the normal state." It means that in order to run the country and secure the country, we must focus on talents and attach importance to discovering and using talents. Ji Chang was very happy after hearing this, and said, "My late father predicted; Zhou can flourish only when there are saints to follow Zhou. Are you a saint? I have been looking forward to it for a long time! So Ji Chang personally helped Jiang Shang get on the bus and went back to the palace together, worshiping him as a surname and calling him a "squire". From then on, heroes have a place to play. Because its name is Lu, it is called Lu.

Note: It is said that Jiang Shang, whose ancestral home is Chu Shi, hid by the sea in order to escape the tyranny of Yinzhou. He also said that he had something to do, left because he had no choice, lobbied the governor, and then died in Zhou Wenwang. Others said that he once slaughtered cattle in Chao Ge (now Yinzhou County, Henan Province) and sold them to Jin Meng (now north of Yujin, Henan Province). Or he was old and poor, hiding in Weibin, fishing in Zhou Wenwang, and Wenwangzai returned to his hometown to become a teacher. Although the above-mentioned ways of returning to Zhou are different, the core figure of the event of returning to Zhou is certain. Soon, Shang Zhouwang suspected that Zhou Wenwang wanted to dominate the industry. Zhou Wenwang was arrested in a prison in the capital. So he and Sansheng conquered beautiful women and rare treasures from all over the world, dedicated them to and redeemed King Wen. After King Wen returned to China, he secretly discussed with him how to overthrow the Shang regime. To this end, Jiang Shang planned the strategies of many strategists. Because of this, Jiang Shang was the first to be talked about by later generations and became the ancestor of strategists, or the originator.

During the period of assistance, Jiang Shang formulated a series of correct domestic and foreign policies to strengthen Zhou and destroy business. Internally, the implementation of economic policies such as farmers helping to cultivate public land and paying one-ninth of the land rent tax, and eight households sharing 100 acres of private land, all officials, large and small, have their land, and future generations inherit it as a salary, which promotes the development of production and lays an economic foundation for the demise of business. Insisting on paralyzing Zhou Wang with salutation, secretly pursuing the strategy of wooing neighboring countries, gradually wooing and disintegrating the allies of Shang Dynasty, weakening and isolating Shang Dynasty. Under the active planning, more and more vassal States and tribes joined in, gradually occupying most of the territory of Shang Dynasty, and the situation of "three points of the world, two returns to Zhou" appeared, which created conditions for the final elimination and replacement of Shang Dynasty. After Zhou Wenwang's death, Zhou Wuwang and Ji Fa inherited the throne, worshiping Jiang Shang as a Buddhist and respecting him as a teacher and father. Continue to assist Zhou in handling state affairs.

On one occasion, Zhou Wuwang asked, "I want to punish power lightly, reward goodness less, and simply educate the people. What is feasible? " Jiang Shang replied: "Killing one person and thousands of people is afraid, killing two people and thousands of people is afraid, and killing three people is exciting. If you reward one person, thousands of people will be happy, if you reward two people, thousands of people will be happy, and if you reward three people, the three armies will be happy. Make one thousand people walk, make it; Two people are forbidden, and ten thousand people stop, then they are forbidden; Teach three men and three armies. Yes, teach them. It is your great fortune to kill a million people and reward them. " King Wu followed his advice, was cautious about the reward, and tried to ban it, making the politics of the Zhou Dynasty more and more clear. At this time, the political situation of Shang Dynasty was even darker, and more and more people rebelled against Yin and attached Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty gradually matured and the country became prosperous. In the ninth year of King Wu, in order to explore whether princes would gather, he went to the East to discuss commercial countries. He drove there under the commander-in-chief, where he held the historic "Jin Meng Oath" and published a campaign against Yin. At that time, 800 vassal States will gather here (at that time, the vassal States were very small, and the territory of Shang Dynasty was more than 1800. Later, the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period and the seven heroes in the Warring States were all larger vassal States formed in the melee of mergers and acquisitions, which shows the prestige of the prince of Wu. At that time, many governors said, "Shang and Zhou Dynasties can be cut!" King Wu and Jiang Shang thought the time was not yet ripe. Although the rule of the Yin and Shang Dynasties was in a difficult and precarious situation at home and abroad, there was no obvious disintegration within it. If the troops are attacked, they will inevitably encounter stubborn resistance. So, I decided to move forward and return. This action was actually a rehearsal before the demise of Shang Dynasty, which had a strong influence in the vassal states and made more vassal states obey Zhou Wuwang.

In the eleventh year of King Wu, the core of the ruling group of Yin and Shang Dynasty clashed. Chen Liang was killed, Ji Zi was imprisoned as a slave, and Wei Zi fled for fear of disaster. A surname was flawed, and Shao Shi surrendered to Zhou Wuwang. Q: "Minister Yin is dead, or has escaped. Can he be saved?" Jiang Shang replied: "If Heaven does not take it, it will be blamed; When it is impossible, it will be attacked by guests. " Hearing this, King Wu decided to send troops to attack. Tell the local governors: "Yin has a felony and can't help but finish the battle." With Jiang Shang as the commander in chief, he commanded 300 chariots, 3,000 warriors and 45,000 soldiers. With the call of "hanging the people and beheading the people", we joined forces with vassal countries to send troops to forge ahead (see "The Battle of Destroying Merchants in the Zhou Dynasty").

However, the result of divination is unlucky. When the troops arrived at Niutou Mountain in Surabaya, the wind was very strong, the flag was destroyed, and the people became suspicious. Some people even asked to return to the division. Only Jiang Shang insisted on sending troops. "Why not attack Ji Zi now?" ? When you get something, you don't look at time and profit. You are not rich, but you are lucky. The grass is rotten and the bones are rotten. Anke Zhihu! "He said that the tortoise shells and thistles used for divination had no idea what was good or bad.

Jiang Shang personally helped the robe and drum, and led the people to wade into the river first. King featuring finally listened to Jiang Shang's advice and moved forward in step. In February (February 5th), Jiazi led an army to unite with Yong, Shu, Qiang, Wei, Lu, Peng and Pu. Four thousand chariots took Mu Ye, Chen Shi (now south of Qixian County, Henan Province) and fought a decisive battle with Zhou Wang170,000 troops (see the Battle of Makino). At dawn, solemnly swear-this is the famous "pastoral oath" in history. The oath enumerates the crimes of listening to the gossip of the favored princess, luring sinners and fleeing slaves from all directions, and harming the people, indicating that the purpose of cutting the week is to do justice for heaven, punish the people, announce the requirements of tactics and discipline, and encourage soldiers to be brave and good at fighting. The King of Wu asked Shang's father to unify hundreds of elite soldiers to "teach". Although there were many teachers, there was no fighting spirit. "The former disciples defected"-the foot soldiers in front turned their guns and aimed at the Shang army to make way for the King of Wu. Seeing this, King Wu ordered the whole army to fight bravely. As a result, hundreds of thousands of troops in Shang Zhouwang collapsed on the same day. Three monsters were beheaded by Sergeant Zhou. Zhou Wang saw that the tide was gone and set himself on fire in Lutai. At this point, the Shang Dynasty was declared dead.

Thanks to Jiang Shang's wise organization and command, the battle of Makino won a great victory. In the grasp of the combat opportunity, choose when Zhou Wang is lax and rebellious; In the power organization, with the call of "hanging the people and beheading the crime", the princes United with the merchants; In terms of operational command, we first launched a surprise attack from the front with personnel carriers and warriors, and then launched a storm with soldiers, which disrupted the battle of commercial troops and won the war.

After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Jiang Shang was named Yingqiu in Qi State (now the resident of Yingqiu Town, Changle County). Jiang Shang went east to his fief. He stayed on the road every night and walked slowly. Someone said to him, "I heard that opportunities are rare and easy to lose." As a guest, I am afraid it is not like taking office at a roadside hotel. " Hearing this, Taigong put on his clothes at night and went straight ahead. At dawn, he arrived at the camp and happened to meet people from other countries competing with him for the camp. After the political situation in Qi was stable, Jiang Shang began to reform its political system. He complied with local customs and simplified the red tape of the Zhou Dynasty. Vigorously develop business and let the people enjoy the benefits of fish and salt. So many people from all over the world came to Qi, and Qi became one of the rich countries at that time. In Zhou Chengwang, Guan Shu and Cai Shu rebelled, and the ethnic minorities in the Huaihe River Basin also took the opportunity to rebel (see Duke Zhou's crusade). Zhou Wang ordered Jiang Shang to say, "East to the sea, west to the Yellow River, south to Muling and north to Wudi. If you don't obey them, you have the right to conquer them. " Since then, Qi has become a big country with an increasingly vast territory, becoming one of the "five tyrants" in the Spring and Autumn Period and one of the "seven heroes" in the Warring States Period. The war was finally suppressed by Duke Ji Dan of Zhou. Shang lived over a hundred years and died, but his burial place is unknown. In order to escape the war, the grandparents changed their surname to Ding (because the northern river and the southern Ding have the same pronunciation), and they are located in Changde, Hunan. According to legend, The Art of War Liu Tao was written by Jiang Shang, and the textual research of later generations is based on his works during the Warring States Period. But from the existing content, it basically reflects Jiang Shang's military practice and his military strategy. Sima Qian pointed out in Historical Records Qi Taigong Family: "The words of later generations and the yin power of the Zhou Dynasty are all based on Taigong." From this perspective, Jiang Shangshi is the originator of China's strategists.