Introduction to Enqi

Enki (also known as Ea, Enkig, Nudimmud, Ninsiku) is the Sumerian god of wisdom, fresh water, wisdom, tricks and pranks, handicrafts, magic, exorcism, healing, creation, masculinity, fertility and art. The portrait depicts him as a bearded man wearing a horn hat and robe, climbing Hideyama; The flowing water flows over his shoulders, emphasizing his connection with life-giving water, while the trees representing the principle of men and women stand in the background. These rivers are interpreted as Tigris River and Euphrates River. According to a myth, they were created by Enqi. His name means "Lord of the earth", and his symbols are fish and goat, both of which represent fertility.

At first, Enki (then known as Enkig) was the god of fresh water in Sumer and the patron saint of the capital of Eli, and was regarded by Mesopotamians as the first city established at the beginning of the world. God first appeared in the early dynasty IIIa (2600-2350 BC), and was named Ea by C in 2400 BC. However, the excavation in Eridu found evidence of the tradition of the Temple of Jean, which can be traced back to the establishment of the city. In 5400 BC. In Elidu, he was called Enji, and later in Akkad, as EA; These two names can be used interchangeably, just like the Babylonian name Nudimmud. Enqi is called Ningxiku only because he is a patron of handicrafts and works of art, especially those dedicated to sacred themes.

Genealogy and offspring

Yiqi is the son of Anu, the god of the sky in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology, and also the son of Apsu, the original father in Babylonian literature. He is also considered as the son of the goddess Namun, a primitive mother goddess who gave birth to the earth and heaven. Yiqi's wife is Ninghelsage (also called Nima, formerly known as Damganuna, and Damkina of Assyria), and their sons are Asarushi (the god of magical knowledge), Embilolu (the god of canals and dikes), Adapa, the human saint, and Marduk, the king of gods (he later absorbed the quality of Asarushi). They also have eight children born in Ninhursag's fabulous efforts to treat Enqi and Ninhursag: Abu (God of Plants and Growth); Ningtula (Dilmun and precious main metal); Ninsitu (the goddess of healing, the wife of Ninazu, the god of healing); Ningkasi (goddess of beer); Nanshe (also difficult for color, country, fertility, divination and dream interpretation); Azimua (the goddess of healing, the wife of the ghost Ning Shida); Emshag (the king of Dilmont, the god of fertility) and Ninti (the goddess of ribs, the god of life). Yiqi is often portrayed as Inanna's father, one of the most popular and enduring gods. She is the goddess of war, sex, fertility, love and * * *. He has a twin brother, Adade (also known as Ishkul), who is in charge of weather and storms.

Together with Anu and enlil, Enki formed an early Mesopotamian trinity, ruling the sky, atmosphere and earth.

Appear in literary works

Yiqi plays an important role in many Mesopotamian stories, legends, prayers and royal inscriptions. He is quite famous in his works about Ninmah, such as Enqi and Ninh Hersag and Enqi and Ninh Maher, both of which involve the creation of the world and mankind. Enuma Elish, the father of Marduk, defeated the champion of chaotic forces and created the world together with his son * * *. Ikey also appeared in Atlas, The Marriage between Kigal and Negar in Iles, Inanna and the God of Wisdom, The Coming of Inanna, Ikey and World Order, The Lord of EnMocquard and Alata, The Epic Forgotten, and so on. He is one of the most important gods in the Pantheon in Mesopotamia, together with Anu (king of heaven), enlil (supreme king of air) and Inanna. Together with Anu and enlil, Enki formed the early Mesopotamian trinity, ruling the sky, atmosphere and earth. He is also listed as the earliest seven Sumerian gods, including Anu, enlil, Leningrad, Utu, Nanna and Inanna.

The Mythological Origin of Enuma Erliche

According to the Babylonian Enuma Elish (BC 1 100), Yiqi was the eldest son of the first god Upusu and Tiamat. At the beginning of time, the world is an undifferentiated vortex chaos, which separates the male principle Upsu represented by fresh water from the female principle Tiamat represented by salt water. Absu and Diamat gave birth to young gods, but these gods did nothing, so they entertained themselves as much as possible. Their constant noise disturbed Uppsala and interrupted his sleep, so after consulting with his minister, he decided to kill them.

Tiamat overheard their discussion and was frightened by the plan, so she told her son quietly. Ikey considered various plans and their consequences, and then carried out what he thought was the best one: he put his father to sleep and then killed him. Tiamat never considered this possibility and broke up with her children. Then, she formed an army of demons and monsters led by her spouse and champion Gu Kun (sometimes Jingu). This army of ancient gods will defeat Enqi and the young god in battle every time they meet, until the young god is repelled and begins to lose hope.

Just then, the son of Ikey Marduk made a suggestion: If the gods made him their king, he would lead them to victory. Before that, there was no general to supervise the operation, but various gods took turns to command. Once elected king, he met Kungu in a battle, then defeated him, and then shot Tiamat with an arrow. Great, it's divided into two parts. Tears in her eyes will become Tigris River and Euphrates River, and her body will be used by Marduk to shape the earth. The shrine and other gods who encouraged the war in Tiamat were executed, and the body of the shrine was used to create human beings. Marduk consulted Enqi on all these choices, so Enqi is usually regarded as the co-creator of the world and life.

Ikey in Atlas

Atrahasis's Akkadian/Babylonian story (about17th century BC) provides another version of creation, but Enqi still plays an important role. In this story, the ancient gods lived a leisurely life and let the young gods finish all the work of maintaining creation. Young gods have no time to rest, because there are always many things to do, so Enqi suggested that they create some small creatures to cooperate with them. They didn't know what to use to make these new creatures until one of them, We-llu (also called llawela), volunteered to sacrifice and was killed. His flesh and blood and wisdom were kneaded into mud by the mother god Leningrad Sage, from which seven men and seven women were created. These 14 new creatures are extremely fertile, and soon there will be hundreds, and then thousands.

At first, these people were exactly what God wanted, but as the number increased, their voices became louder and louder, and there were more and more problems. Their constant noise and difficulties disturbed Enriel, the king of the gods, and distracted his daily work and leisure time, so he decided to reduce the population through a series of plagues. He brought drought, then plague, then famine. Every time, people turn to their father Jean for help. Gene was the first person to give birth to them. He told them what they should do to restore the balance of the earth, so as to help them and productivity and their communities to be completely healthy.

Enlil is depressed because there seem to be more people now than when he first tried to get rid of them. He persuaded other gods to allow him to release the flood that destroyed mankind, and his power was enough to make all gods agree. Ikey realized the cruelty and injustice of this plan, but he couldn't stop enlil, so he came to the earth and found an honest Atlas. He was always smart and kind, and devoted himself to Ikey. Ikey quietly told him to build an ark and brought two animals in.

Atlas finished his task when the flood began. People turned to the gods for help, but they didn't offer any help. Nyinghur Sage wept and broke his heart for the people, as did other gods, but no one could stop the flood. Ilir realized that the flood might not be the best idea, but it was too late now; Everyone on the earth is dead. When the flood receded and the ark stopped, Ikey whispered to Atlas that it was time for him to sail and offer sacrifices to the gods. Atlas did so, and the scent of his sacrifice floated to heaven, from where Ilir looked down and saw that someone had survived. He knew at once that Jean was behind it. Although he only regretted what he had done, he concentrated all his anger on him.

When choosing between serving God's will and people's needs, Enqi always chooses the interests of human beings and always chooses the path of sympathy, forgiveness and wisdom.

However, Ikey explained himself, showed how kind and kind Atlas was, and instructed all of them to make sweet sacrifices. The gods happily came to the earth to eat sacrifices, and then Enqi put forward a new plan: the gods will create creatures with poor fertility: babies will be taken away by demons, women will be aborted or infertile, and other women will be dedicated to the gods and remain virgins forever. Besides, the life span of human beings will not be long, and there are many opportunities for them to die for different reasons every day when they are alive. The gods agreed to this proposal; Atrahas, his last one, was taken to the blessed land, and Nihsage created new creatures.

Ji' en ornaments liar God

In these two stories, Enqi's behavior is in the best interest of the community, even if the community can't appreciate it. In the Book of Elish, he went against his mother's wish to kill Apsu, but he had to do so for the greater good. In Atrahas, he saved a good man and encouraged Ilir to give mankind a second chance to survive. In most other stories, he shows it in the same way. For example, in The Wedding of Kigal and Negar in Iles, he arranged some events, so that Negar, the god of war, was imprisoned in the underworld for six months in a year, thus avoiding wars and disputes during that time.

When Inanna came, he sent two clever demons to deceive the Queen of Death and let them get Inanna's body. After she was killed by her sister Elishkil, he managed to save her daughter from the underworld. In the story of Inanna and the God of Wisdom, he is described as having meh, laws and forces related to all life, and the gift of civilization-only the property of God-and he allows Inanna to take these things from him for a period of time. Drunk party. Although he sent all kinds of forces to take May back and return it to him, it seems that Inanna escaped her stolen treasure quite easily. At this point, Ikey is regarded as him in other works about Nanna: as the father of a daughter, he is willing to do anything for her, even if it doesn't seem to be the wisest or even the fairest choice in this case. In the arrival of Inanna, after all, Inanna caused her own problems. In fact, it was Elishkil who was wronged and should be helped. However, in the process of helping Inanna, Yiqi restored the balance of the world and made a choice based on the interests of the majority again. When he allowed Inanna to take Mei away, he knew that she would give the gift of civilization to mankind, just as he knew that other gods wanted him to keep them away from human hands.

As a god of liars, Ikey reveals his wisdom through seemingly meaningless behavior-and thus inspires others. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, this was the case when he allowed himself to get drunk and let Inanna have meh, and it was also the case when he agreed to the death of Enkidu, the best friend of the forgotten hero. Enkidu and the forgotten have just returned from another victory. Inanna (known as Hista) tried to seduce the hero, forgot one, and listed many of her other lovers, but they all met with a bad ending and rejected her. Inanna sent Gugulana (the cow in the sky), the husband of her sister Elishkil, to destroy the kingdom of the forgotten, and Enkidu killed him. Enkidu must die because he raised his hand against God. Ikey agrees with this-although he admits that Inanna has caused the problem-because human beings can't look too high on themselves to challenge the gods. However, more importantly, Ikey realized that Enkidu's death would make the forgotten people fall into depression, thus guiding him to explore the meaning of life and making him a deeper and more complete person.

Even in "Ikey" and "Ninghelsag", he seduced his adult daughters because they reminded him of his wife, and Ikey was portrayed as compassionate. He was punished for his mistakes. Obviously, he is guilty only because of his love for Ninghelsag and the spell he fell into because he missed her. In this respect, his role as a liar god is obvious, because his various wrong steps and sins led to the birth of a god beneficial to mankind. The same applies to Enqi and Ningma, in which Ningma challenges him to play games while they are drinking beer, and Enqi tries to defeat her by creating an existence that she cannot improve. His practical jokes in all these stories prove his wisdom and desire to do his best for mankind.

The patron of Eridu & amp's worship.

As the patron saint of this city or Elidu, Yiqi is of great significance to his role as the god of wisdom. Eli is considered to be the first city created by the gods. At the beginning of time, it was endowed with order and law, and later it was called "the city of the former king". Eliduz, founded in 5400 BC, will continue to be an important religious center, and after thousands of years, Hebrew writers will use the Garden of Eden to appear in stories and legends about the "golden age".

Excavation in this city found the Temple of Jean, which was built and rebuilt in the same place for thousands of years. Even after widely worshipping this god in other places, he continued to be associated with the groundwater of Eridu and abzu (also known as absu). Yiqi is mainly worshipped in his temples, which are called E-Abzu and E-engur-ra. Like all other important Mesopotamian gods and goddesses, the priests took care of the gods, temples and temples serving people in many different ways. The temples of the gods are therapeutic homes, consultation centers, distribution centers and holy places. There is no temple service as people know it today. People interact with God mainly during festivals by communicating with small priests or through private ceremonies at home.

In Elidu, Yiqi is in charge of the mysterious aspects of Abu Zu and this primitive swamp, from which people think that cities and life have arisen. Accompanied by his minister Isimud, Ikey also had various creatures to serve him, such as giants, demons (protective and destructive) and other mysterious creatures. Mermaids and Mermaids are thought to live in the deep water area of Abu Zu under the city, while Abgar and Jean live together in his palace. In every story or legend, Yiqi is associated with the height and depth of the universe and is always regarded as a friend of mankind. When choosing between serving God's will and people's needs, Enqi always chooses the interests of human beings and always chooses the path of sympathy, forgiveness and wisdom.