Are Indians black or yellow?

Yellow people, they came to America through Russia and Alaska!

North America

The ancient Indians in the west, the Great Plains and the east of North America had similar economic activities despite their different environments. In the western United States-from Oregon to northern Mexico, from the Pacific coast to the east side of the Rocky Mountains-Indians scattered with desert culture make a living by hunting and gathering fruits, but primitive agricultural techniques have been developed.

In the late Archean period, tools and techniques improved, such as slotted stone axes and hammers, and there was a trade system between tribes in different geographical areas. 3000 BC? Before 2000, the climate was getting warmer, so some Indians followed bison grazing into saskatchewan river and Alberta, and others went further north into the Arctic tundra.

About 2000 years ago, Indians in the southwestern United States began to grow corn. $200? 700 years is a cold period, which hinders the development of agriculture. 700? From 65438 to 0200, a village-based culture developed in the Mississippi Valley, which was characterized by progressive farming methods and complicated religious ceremonies. During this period, the aborigines scattered in the southwest, such as Anasazi, Mogolong and Hohokam, all belonged to the pre-Pueblo society. Mogolong's agricultural technology was improved by Anasazi, using rainwater to guide river water to irrigate crops; The Johokan culture in southern Arizona relies on irrigation to maintain its agricultural economy. In the first period of 1 000 BC, Pueblo culture developed the technology of building rooms with stones and made great progress in pottery making. 1300? 1700 is a retrogressive Pueblo period. Many stone houses were abandoned due to the migration of residents to the east and south. The modern Pueblo period began in the late16th century, when the Spanish came to settle here. Some features of Pueblo culture and farming methods still exist today.

In the colonial era, European countries adopted different policies towards North American Indians. The Spanish assimilated the indigenous people into Christians and let them live in designated areas. The French established trade relations with the Indians. 1763, Britain announced that the area west of the Appalachian Mountains would be allocated to aborigines, valid until the end of British rule, and then adopted by the United States. 1848 after the discovery of gold in California, many whites moved westward, and a long-term land war broke out between European whites and Indians, including 1876' s Caster massacre between Sioux and Cheyenne. 1887, most Indians moved into the reservation. It was the Dawes General Distribution Act of 1998 that caused Indians to lose nearly 348,654,38+000 square kilometers (654,38+034,400 square miles) of land. 1934 Indian Reorganization Act implemented measures to improve the lives of indigenous people. Since the 1950s, due to the new policy and social concern for civil rights, Indians have set up many organizations, which has aroused national concern about their problems.

Central America

More than 10,000 years ago, Indians entered Central America between Nicaragua and northern Mexico. The development of agricultural technology can be traced back to around 4500 BC. The steady development of agricultural technology led to the establishment of agricultural society about 2000 years ago. Due to the steady supply of food, small settlements evolved into big food, which stimulated the growth of pottery and other works of art. The first 1000 year around A.D. was called the classical period, when Mayan civilization rose, when people were ruled by the monk class. Their most important god is Tralock, and his symbol is Jaguar, which is a common theme in existing sculptures. In later cultures, jaguars were replaced by traditional more combative eagles, and at the same time, sacrificing human beings became a common religious act. Around 1000 BC, Toltec and Aztec empires replaced these religious-based social forms until the Spanish invasion in 16 century. At its peak, the Aztec Empire almost controlled the whole of Central America.

The earliest immigrants can be divided into several different cultural branches according to the area where they live. One of them made a living in the coastal, desert and mountainous areas of northwest Mexico today. Another Tarasco settled in the mountains of Michoacan. Maya occupied Guatemala, Yucatan Peninsula and part of Chiapas, Mexico. The Aztecs were concentrated in the highlands of central Mexico and Mexico City today. The fifth branch is in the southern coast and highlands of Mexico. The cultural characteristics of Central American Indians are that they settle in small communities, take individual families as the basic units, and men and elders dominate. Community activities are centered on the market, and the other center is government agencies, and government officials also preside over religious ceremonies. Although Catholicism introduced by the Spanish is the main form of worship, elf worship, superstition and divination still exist.

The technology and tools of European industry were introduced to Central America with the conquest of Catholicism and Spanish, and later mineral deposits, farms and cattle became the economic centers of colonial society. The revolution of 182 1 broke the control of Europeans and formed the new government of the Republic of China. 19 10, Mexico experienced another revolution, swept away its exclusive social and economic policies, and began to recognize the political, cultural and economic contributions of Indians. In the late 20 th century, Mexico's urban and rural society had a more complete and undifferentiated treatment for Indians.

South America. See AMERICA

According to archaeological records, South American civilization began in BC 10000, when the first immigrants from North America and Central America arrived. They settled in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, southern Chile, the south-central plain in the valley of luxury houses and parts of the central Andes. Their group is based on blood relationship, and their class is determined by gender and age. These nomadic groups were later replaced by highly agricultural clubs. Agricultural society is located in Arawak coast and inland forest areas of Brazil and Antilles. Because they have abundant food, they can maintain a large and stable social unit. Other ethnic groups who settled in the Caribbean coast and the northern Andes developed more complex social organizations based on military and religious ceremonies and supported by agricultural technology.

The indigenous civilization of South America took root and sprouted in the middle of the Andes around 2300 BC, and then made rapid progress, which lasted for thousands of years in agriculture and science and technology. Around 1000 BC, the kingdoms of Chimu and Tiwanaku appeared, and later the Inca Empire. It was not until the Spanish invasion in the16th century that the Inca's prosperity began to decline. Its territory extends from Peru to northern Chile, and it has developed an effective irrigation system and a complex system to control grain production, storage and distribution. The population reached 3.5 million at its peak. Its social stratum is divided into hereditary royal family, aristocrats, craftsmen and farmers. The most remarkable innovation of Inca civilization is that law replaces custom to formulate social organizations and high-level artistic products.

/kloc-In the 6th century, Europeans conquered South America, completely replacing the agricultural and political habits of the Inca Empire with the Spanish way, and Catholicism also replaced the Inca religion. Inca nobles and craftsmen were brought into the colonial class system, while farmers became laborers. In underdeveloped areas, the Incas still maintain some of their own cultural traditions and maintain economic exchanges with modern industrial centers. Other South American Indians, such as Araucania, have been successfully resisting Spanish rule until the late19th century, when they were suppressed, assimilated or sent to reservations.

Edit the ethnic composition of this paragraph.

Indians, yellow people, the oldest inhabitants of America. It is said that it was 15000-25000 years ago and moved in from Asia through the Bering Strait, distributed in North and South America. There are Eskimos and Aleutians in the northernmost part; In North America, there are Gan people, Argentine people, Iroquois people, Sioux people and Muskoch people. In Central America, there are Aztecs, Mayans, Caribs, Chibucha, etc. There are Incas, Guarani and Arraou Gan in South America. This language belongs to the Indo-Chinese family. First planted corn, potatoes, sunflowers, cotton, cinchona trees and other crops, making contributions to mankind. /kloc-Before the 6th century, most of them were still in the matriarchal clan stage, and a few people like Maya, Aztecs and Incas had already formed early slave countries and had quite high culture. Since16th century, it has been destroyed and killed by European colonists, and its development has been interrupted and its population has declined. There are more than 32 million people. Mainly engaged in agriculture. There are about 800,000 people left in North America, most of whom have been driven into the reservation and lead a hard life. In Central America and South America, it is generally discriminated and assimilated by the rulers of the host countries.