Characteristics of China's Early National Political System

1. Basic contents of enfeoffment system and patriarchal clan system (a/b) (page 6 of the text)

(1) enfeoffment system. Objective: To consolidate the rule of Zhou Dynasty. Meaning: Also known as the founding of the People's Republic of China, in the case of ensuring the strength of the Zhou royal family, the clan's in-laws were dispersed to various places to establish a sub-state. In other words, the Zhou Emperor granted a certain amount of land and population to the royal family, heroes and the previous generation of nobles, so that they could establish a vassal state and defend the royal family. Overview: After the founding of Zhou Wuwang. After the Duke of Zhou rebelled, it was enfeoffed on a larger scale. Duke Zhou played an important role in promoting the enfeoffment system. Duties of vassals: obey Zhou Wang's orders, defend the territory for Zhou Wang, follow the battle, pay tribute and report to the court. Major vassal States: Qi, Lu, Yan, Wei, Jin, Chu, etc. Function: strengthen Zhou Wang's control over the local area; Conducive to territorial expansion; It is conducive to stabilizing the political order at that time.

First, the characteristics of China's early political system

1. Basic contents of enfeoffment system and patriarchal clan system (a/b) (page 7 of the text)

(2) the patriarchal clan system. Objective: To consolidate the position of paternal parents in this clan, so as to consolidate the kingship. Consolidate the ruling order formed by the enfeoffment system, and solve the contradictions between nobles on the issues of power, property and land inheritance. The Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the system of combining enfeoffment with patriarchal clan system. Essence: distribute political power according to bloodline and maintain political ties. Content: ① The eldest son is the heir of land, property and power. The eldest son's brother and mother's brother are the youngest. Small is subordinate to big, and small is relative to big. (2) According to the blood relationship, the patriarchal hierarchy of "Zhou-vassal-Qing Dafu-scholar" was formed, thus establishing the corresponding relationship between blood relationship and power status. Influence: stabilizing order, preventing competition and consolidating feudal system; The concept of patriarchal clan system has become one of the traditional ideological contents. Patriarchal clan relationship is conducive to uniting clans, preventing internal disputes, strengthening kingship, and closely combining "country" with "family".

It is said that after the Duke of Zhou's crusade, "feudal relatives, with princes to screen Zhou." Among them, feudalism refers to

A. vassal state enfeoffment B. feudal reform C. patriarchal clan system D. cronyism

In the subsequent system, the early Western Zhou Dynasty consolidated its rule and expanded its territory.

A. abdication system B. hereditary system C. enfeoffment system D. county system

Shandong province is often called "Qilu", which originated from.

A. Dawenkou culture B. Western Zhou Dynasty enfeoffment system C. Oracle Bone Inscriptions records D. Shang Dynasty rule

At the beginning of the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the princes were mainly royal children, heroes and old nobles of Shang Dynasty. Among the vassal states below the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou was related by blood: ① Yan, ② Lu, ③ Qi and ④ Song.

A.①②③④ B.①②③ C.①② D.③④

"Shuo Wen Jie Zi" explains: "Zong, ancestral hall also respects." In other words, the original meaning of "zong" in the patriarchal clan system is the ancestral hall. This shows that the bond of patriarchal clan system is

A. Property B. Region C. Belief D. Blood relationship

In the patriarchal clan system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, what is in a big position is

A. Zhou b c Qing Dafu d stone

The core of the patriarchal clan system in the Western Zhou Dynasty is

A. eldest son inheritance system B. hereditary system C. democratic election of leaders D. feudalism

The common feature of enfeoffment system and patriarchal clan system is that it emphasizes

A. hierarchical relationship B. political relationship C. vassal relationship D. blood relationship

"Saint Amethyst" wrote: "Zhou Wuwang, starting from Zhu Zhou, lasted for 800 years, the longest." This situation is mainly due to.

A. the feudal system and patriarchal clan system of the Zhou dynasty B. the "ritual and music culture" prevailed in the Zhou dynasty.

C. Zhou has supreme authority D. The close combination of theocracy and kingship

In 403 BC, Zhao, Han and Wei carved up the territory of the State of Jin, which was known in history as "the three tribes divided into Jin". From the patriarchal clan system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which of the following grades should Zhao, Han and Wei belong to?

A. emperor B. vassal C. doctor Qing D. scholar

First, the characteristics of China's early political system

2. Characteristics of China's early political system (b/c) (Page 4-7 of the text)

(1) hereditary system. After his death, Yu's son Qi inherited Yu's position, and from then on, he began the situation of "being at home all over the world"; The Shang dynasty formed the rule of power inheritance, that is, "the father died and the son succeeded, and the brothers eventually lived together." In the Zhou dynasty, the system of direct inheritance of the eldest son was formed.

(2) The close combination of theocracy and kingship. All political affairs in Shang Dynasty were decided by divination. The supreme ruler of the Zhou Dynasty declared that he was "ruling the people on behalf of heaven" and called himself "the son of heaven".

(3) Distribution of state power by blood relationship. Patriarchal clan system prevailed in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and its political status was determined by blood relationship.

Second, towards the unified politics of Qin and Han Dynasties.

1. Unification of the Qin Dynasty (a/b) (page 8 of the text)

(1) Time: 230- 22 years ago1year.

(2) Course: Destroy Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively; North attack Xiongnu Nanping Baiyue, expand territory; Build a straight road and the Great Wall, and establish a stable traffic and border defense system.

(3) Significance: ① The unification of Qin ended the long-term war and the people began to have a relatively stable production environment; (2) After the reunification of the country, the vast territory and convenient transportation have further strengthened the economic and cultural ties between regions, enhanced the unity and cohesion of all ethnic groups, promoted the formation of a pluralistic and integrated pattern of the Chinese nation, and laid the foundation for the further development of China feudal society; ③ It has created a highly developed economy and culture for the Chinese nation, effectively resisted foreign invasion, and created favorable conditions for safeguarding national independence.

Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, hundreds of years of feudal disputes have ended with such a sign.

A. Qin unified the six countries B. Meng Tian attacked Xiongnu in the north and retaken Hetao.

C Ying Zheng, king of Qin, claimed to be the first emperor. D. the Qin dynasty implemented the county system throughout the country.

"Li Yuanyuan Min was a man in the Warring States Period." (Hanshu) This sentence shows that Ban Gu thinks that the significance of Qin reunification lies in.

A. Free the people from the ruler's rule

B. Lay the foundation for the long-term reunification of China

C. the first unified multi-ethnic country was established.

D. provide a stable production environment for people.

Second, towards the unified politics of Qin and Han Dynasties.

2. Establishment of county system and emperor system (a/b) (Page 9 of the text, 13)

(1) county system. Origin and popularization: the county system first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and Qin Shihuang extended it to the whole country. Content: from top to bottom, there are counties, counties, townships and towns. , and the exhibition hall responsible for local public safety; Layers are related. Meaning: form the form of direct vertical management of the central government to the local government; The county magistrate is appointed and removed by the emperor and cannot be inherited. The establishment of county system is an important link in the formation of centralized system, and it is also an important symbol that bureaucratic politics replaces aristocratic politics.

(2) the emperor system. Qin Shihuang began to use the title of "Emperor" and established the emperor system. The emperor has an exclusive position in the world, integrating administrative power, judicial power and military command. The change of bureaucratic system in past dynasties is based on the basic principle of safeguarding imperial power and obeying the emperor. The relationship between monarch and minister is essentially the relationship between "master" and "slave".

When Qin Shihuang was in power, "everything in the world, big or small, depends on the world." This prominent explanation.

A. Qin Shihuang was very diligent. B. Qin Shihuang was in charge of the whole country.

C. centralization of authority, the dereliction of duty of local officials in Qin Dynasty, has not yet been established.

Qin Shihuang said: "There is endless struggle in the world, and it is difficult to have a Wang Houlai to worship the temple and restore the country at the beginning of the world. It is also a tree soldier, and it is not difficult to sum! " Based on the above understanding, the measures taken by Qin Shihuang are

A. burning books to bury Confucianism B. promoting county system C. attacking Xiongnu D. building the great wall

The following statements about the county system in Qin Dynasty are correct: ① County orders are appointed and removed by the emperor; (2) the form of central vertical management of local governments is an important symbol of bureaucratic politics replacing aristocratic politics; (4) is conducive to strengthening the centralization of absolute monarchy.

A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①④ D.①②③④

The Qin dynasty's "three public officials and nine ministers" and county chiefs were produced in the following ways.

A. Generation after generation B. Examination selection C. Emperor appointment D. Local recommendation

Liu Zongyuan, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, said: "The loss of Zhou lies in the system; The loss of Qin lies in politics, not in the system. " The two "systems" in materials refer to

A. enfeoffment system and county system B. "three public officials and nine ministers" system and county system

C. feudal system and patriarchal system D. patriarchal system and authoritarian centralized system

Second, towards the unified politics of Qin and Han Dynasties.

3. The three fairs and their duties in the Qin Dynasty (1) refer to the prime minister, Qiu, and the imperial historian established by the Central Committee of the Qin Dynasty. (2) division of labor: the prime minister has two members, left and right, whose duties are to assist the emperor and assistant Wanji; Qiu is in charge of the national military; The Ombudsman is the assistant of the Prime Minister and is in charge of the national supervision system.

Third, the evolution and strengthening of absolute monarchy.