Psychological Papers: On Respect and "Respect Education" (2)

Psychological thesis: on respect and "respect education"

Second, respect is the proper meaning of education.

As a phenomenon accompanying the development of human society, education plays an important role in promoting human development and social development. Looking at the development of education, we can find that respect is the proper meaning of education, or that respect and education have naturally formed an indissoluble bond.

First of all, we can see from the etymology of the words "teaching" and "teaching". In ancient Oracle Bone Inscriptions in China, "teaching" means that the younger generation learns divination with the help of adults, and "teaching" means that women have children. If adults don't pay attention to, recognize or acknowledge the younger generation, the process of "teaching" and "educating" will not happen. The Latin meaning of western education means to influence the object from a state or phenomenon to a direction close to the influencer by means of external force, that is, to a better or more correct direction expected by the influencer. Extension means to guide people and expect their body and mind to change as expected. In this process, we must understand and pay attention to the object, otherwise the expected change will not happen. Therefore, while realizing the importance of education, human beings also realize the importance of respect. Of course, in ancient times, the connection between education and respect may be more reflected in attention and respect, while the meanings of "respect" and "dignity" have not yet risen to the level of human consciousness, but only a subconscious hidden consciousness.

Secondly, from the development history of human educational thought, the history of "respecting education" has a long history. The idea of respecting teachers and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude in the East and midwifery in the West clearly reflect the meaning of respect in education. To sum up, there are two main ideas of "respecting education" put forward in these educational ideas that are considered to be progressive in western history: the first is respecting the object of education. Almost all naturalistic educational thinkers, such as Comenius, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, etc. They all expressed their respect for the physical and mental development laws and hobbies of the educational objects, and Dewey, a modern educator deeply influenced by naturalistic educational thoughts, showed respect for children everywhere. The second category is that education should respect the development needs of society and train the younger generation according to the requirements of society. Almost all social departmentalists and nationalists, such as Durkheim and Keynes Steiner, put forward that education should cultivate people needed by society and the development of education should respect the development needs of society. China's educational tradition, on the other hand, is very concerned about "how to adapt the order norms of group human beings to the subjective psychological structure of individual human beings" [6], which requires educators and educatees to respect each other so that educational activities can continue to develop and human beings can continue to develop.

Finally, a careful analysis of the current significance of education will reveal that respect is the proper meaning of education. The Dictionary of Education explains that education is "an activity that exerts influence on the educated purposefully, planned and organized according to certain social requirements and the development needs of the educated, so as to cultivate people needed by a certain society (or class)." [7] This definition shows that without respect, the educational relationship cannot be established, which reflects the respect of educational activities for the requirements of social development and the law of human physical and mental development. This is the basis of educational activities, which can be called the law of education; "Carry out purposeful, planned and organized education" means to respect the personality, rights, subjectivity and individuality of the educated, that is, to respect the laws of education and the educated.

Third, the theoretical connotation of "respect education"

Defining the connotation of "respect education" more clearly in theory can make people have a clearer consciousness of thought and action in practice. The author believes that "respect education", as an educational theory, has the following theoretical connotations:

(a) "Respect education" is a theory with both purpose and process.

Many educational theories in history are constructed in the form of "end-means". After the purpose of education is determined, the content and methods of education are sought as a means to achieve the purpose. The advantage of this theoretical construction method is simple and clear, which is beneficial to people's practice. The disadvantage is to seek certainty, which is not sufficient in today's ever-changing and uncertain society. The theoretical construction of "respecting education" avoids the unbearable weight brought by this essentialist theoretical construction. The theory of "respecting education" points to both the educational purpose and the educational process, which can cope with the complex challenges in the changing times.

1. Theory with respect as its purpose

From the purpose, "respect education" should teach people to "know how to respect and learn to respect". The reason for this purpose is that people in life need to know how to respect, and many people do not cultivate enough respect, which leads to the loss of a better life. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate people's respect quality through education, know how to respect themselves, respect individuals as the main body, respect others and respect society. Only by respecting ourselves can we stand on our own feet and become a truly independent, responsible and brave modern man. Psychologist Maslow's needs theory also provides theoretical support for "respect education", that is, people have physiological needs, security needs, belonging and love needs, respect needs, cognitive and aesthetic needs. As an educator, we should realize that it is one of the goals of education to let students learn to respect. Only by knowing respect can we live a dignified life, and such a life can point to truth, goodness and beauty. Only by respecting the individual as the subject can we get along with others on an equal footing and be tolerant of others. Respect is a civilized social way and the cornerstone of establishing good interpersonal relationships. With respect, teamwork can be better realized and the atmosphere can be harmonious. In this way, life will be more harmonious and warm, and life will become beautiful and valuable. Only those who respect others can appreciate the richness of this society and accept cultural beliefs different from their own. The other one may be strange, but we have the same human foundation. Appreciate them, respect them, be frank and self-disciplined, and be the true citizens of the civilized world. School education has no reason to exclude respect from school education. Every educator should always remember that there is another task in his educational mission, and that is to teach your students how to respect.

2. Respect is a process theory.

From the perspective of process, all participants in educational activities are required to respect each other and adjust themselves at any time to realize the fusion of horizons around the text. In other words, respect has become an important principle in the development of educational activities, and there is not respect everywhere in the educational process. Therefore, the connotation of "respect education" is getting richer and richer.

Respect the educated. In fact, human's choice of a certain behavior pattern is determined by the object, and it is the characteristics and essential attributes of the object that determine human behavior. The same is true of educational activities. The characteristics of the physical and mental development of the educated determine the choice of educational methods. Human growth is a process of increasing autonomy. No matter from genetic epistemology or evolutionary epistemology, human autonomy is a process of continuous evolution. Therefore, one of the important connotations of "respecting education" is to respect the physical and mental development characteristics of the educated, which is also the essence of human educational thought. For example, Confucius said "don't be angry, don't be angry, don't be unhappy", which means that in the process of education, educators should mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, which is the embodiment of respecting the educated. In today's rapidly changing era, respecting the educated must reflect the characteristics of this era. From the perspective of school education, respecting the educated means returning the rights and responsibilities of the educated completely and giving them an attitude of recognition and support. Therefore, educators should guide the educated to learn to choose, that is to say, "we should not only pay attention to whether the result of their independent choice is correct, but also pay attention to whether their awareness of independent choice is in place, whether it is sound, and whether their ability to choose independently is increasing" [8], and we should not replace them because they are still immature and do not have the ability to make correct choices. The growth of the younger generation is of course realized under the guidance of the older generation, but their growth is irreplaceable. After all, growing up is something you have to do. At the same time, choice also means bearing the result of choice, that is, choice is accompanied by responsibility, and responsibility means stress and anxiety, so "respecting education" is heavy, not frivolous or easy.