What should I call a woman in the Spring and Autumn Period?

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Xiangong fell in love with Qi Jiang. Later, Zhong Er was exiled to Qi State and married Qi Jiang. The same is true of the Qi brothers. My brother Qi Xianggong married Ji Wang, and my brother Qi Huangong married Ji Wang. It always looks dazzling, and you will faint if you are not careful. If people from the Zhou Dynasty cross over, we must teach them a lesson. You people in the Zhou Dynasty really can't choose names. Why did you choose so many names? But it really doesn't depend on those ancient people who didn't know the name. It depends on the etiquette system at that time. Girls also had names at that time. According to etiquette, a girl should be named three months after birth. For example, our two daughters are called Jane and Bi, Kim's daughter is called Yuji, our wife is called Chong, and Song's concubine is called Abandon (though it is not pleasant to hear). When girls are young, their elders will call them by their first names, and husbands can call them by their first names after marriage. But outside, outsiders can't scream casually, or her family will copy the guy and hit you. Whose girl did you see on the road? Even if you know her name, you can only call her Ji Bo, Jiang Meng, Zhong Zi, Shu Kui and Ji Ji. Of course, if girls still make friends often, there should be no harm in swearing at each other. At home, elders and husbands generally call themselves "surname+first name", which should be the same as men. For example, during the Warring States period, Zhong Lichun was an ugly girl who seemed to have no salt. Because she is so ugly, after countless blind dates, she has never been married and her name has always been known. People are not afraid to offend him and are called her name by her family every day. People laugh at her every day, and she becomes more fierce. Later, she ran directly to the palace and pointed her nose at Qi Xuanwang. Qi Xuanwang has been a lecherous all his life, with too many beautiful women around him and aesthetic fatigue. Instead, she fell in love with this ugly woman and finally became her queen. It is said that she has read many poems and books and is very talented in governing the country. Qi Xuanwang also entrusted her with an important task, which finally made her famous in history. (Um ... where have you been? The monarch in the Spring and Autumn Period did not call his surname. If foreign rulers want to call him by his name, they will call him Jin and Qi. The son of the monarch will be called Zhong Er, son of Jin Dynasty, and Xiaobai, son of Qi Dynasty. The same is true of the monarch's daughter, starting with the son, not the princess. For example, your daughter can be called Gongzi Zhen and Gongzi Bi. Just because outsiders can't directly address women by their names, historians are absolute outsiders, so we rarely see women's names in the history books of the Spring and Autumn Period. This also led to the fact that most women in the pre-Qin period left only one title and their names were forgotten. There is a fixed format for addressing women in history books. Here is a brief introduction to the correct way to open female titles in history books. Special Forms of Female Appellations There are many introductions about female appellations in the pre-Qin period on the Internet, and many formats are summarized. It looks messy, but it comes down to only two categories. The first category is to use abbreviations to address a lady or a surname. For example, the king of Jin was once called Ji, and Ji was her surname, using the format of her surname+"surname". There is also a mother who uses this title, that is, the woman who caused uncle Duan's chaos and swore that "it is better to be buried and never meet again" was directly called his style by Zhuang Gong and his ministers. This kind of address directly called "so-and-so" seems to be more of an expression of disgust, so it is very impolite. The address of "a lady" is a respect for her. The daughter who serves her husband in Qin Mugong is sometimes called Mrs Qin Mu, that is, she uses her husband's posthumous title+"Mrs" format. Similarly, Mrs. Huan Gong of Song Dynasty (also called Mrs. Huan Gong in China), his wife (the illegitimate daughter of Mrs. Xuan Jiang and her husband's wife), his wife (her daughter, her husband's wife), Mrs. Wei, who is widowed and has not entered the door, and so on. There are a few exceptions. First of all, the wives and concubines of the son of heaven are usually called queens or queens. For example, the name of the queen who married Zhou Wang with Guo Gong is Chen, and the name of the queen who married Shen is Jiang. There are also people who call a certain gentleman. For example, they once married a Jia woman named Jia Jun. Later, his daughter Qin Muji asked Jin for special attention, but the one who was finally "married" by Jin was also called Jia Jun. This is an isolated case. The general format of female address is not commonly used, and it is usually only used for the more distinguished monarch's wife. The common format is "ID+Personal ID+Family ID" (of course, this general format can also be applied to some special situations above).

General Forms of Female Appellations in the Spring and Autumn Period

Identity-Country or Last Name

Among them, the identity generally includes the country name and surname, which can be the father's or the husband's. In the pre-Qin period, surnames were clearly distinguished from surnames. Surnames were formed in the primitive tribal period to distinguish the totem and origin of tribes. Having the same surname means that your ancestors came from the same matriarchal tribe. Surname is a unique identity of the nobility, and ordinary civilians are not blessed. If ordinary people need to be identified, they usually distinguish by their occupation. Tian Zi and the monarch usually don't use surnames, because the original meaning of surnames is to identify their own identities, while the identities of Tian Zi and the monarch are already very clear. Generally speaking, men say their surnames instead of their surnames, and women say their surnames instead of their surnames. However, this statement is not accurate. When addressing women with identity, you can add a surname in front of them. Only a woman's surname can be her father's or her husband's. For example, Zhao Shuo's wife Zhao Zhuangji, the daughter of the monarch, married Zhao Shuo, so she adopted her husband's surname as her identity. There is also Yongji, the daughter of Zheng's foot sacrifice, who belongs to Ji's surname and married Yong's Yongzhen, so her husband's surname is Yongji. In addition, there is The Last Month Of Summer, who is called because she married Xia Yushu's Chen. Du Qi, his wife, and Song, his wife, are both Song people, and they all take their father's surname. And if the woman was born in a vassal's family and married other vassals, because the monarch didn't call her surname, she used the country name instead. There are many such examples. Ginger is common. The concubine who died of martial arts in her early years is called Qi Jiang. After Jin Wengong was exiled to Qi, the daughter of Qi Huangong who married him was also called Qi Jiang. Qi Huangong's wives, such as Mrs. Xu Bi, Cai Ji, Ge Bi, and (her surname is Man, Deng Guo), Chu Zhuangwang's wife, and Jin Xiangong's wife Li Ji, all use the names of their home countries as their identities. There are Jinjiang, Qin Muji, and the famous Peach Blossom Lady Dai who uses her husband's name as their identity symbol. The princess from the son of heaven's family is usually called Ji Wang. Qi Xianggong and Qi Huangong were both married to the Zhou Dynasty, and they were both called Ji Wang. Wang is not a surname, but an identity, which shows that she is a woman from the son of heaven. Personal identity-posthumous title or rank Personal identity includes his rank at home, his or her husband's posthumous title. People in the Spring and Autumn Period usually rank their children in two forms, one is Bo, Zhong, Shu and Ji, and the other is Meng, Zhong and Ji. As for the difference between these two rankings, the Book of Rites says that "the eldest son is called Bo and the cloth is called Meng", that is to say, the younger son adopts Zhongji's ranking method and the cloth adopts Meng Zhongji's method. I don't know if this statement is true or not. After all, it was written in the Han Dynasty. How people rank in the Spring and Autumn Period may not be too strict. It is common to use rankings as personal identification. For example, his wife, Mencius, and his son, Neutron, were married from Song State, his fox, Gigi, was married in Di State, and his uncle, Zhao Shuai, was married in Di State. Qin Mugong is sometimes called Qin, and Meng Kun in the TV series The Legend of Mi Yue, etc. , all with rankings. Posthumous title is used as the logo format, usually for the dead. History books record what happened in the past, so posthumous title after this person's death is used in many occasions. There are many such examples. For example, it is often mentioned that Qin Mugong uses posthumous title in Qin Mugong. Zheng Zhuanggong's mother, Wujiang, used her husband, posthumous title Zheng Wugong. In addition, there is Xuan Jiang, the wife of Wei who caused civil strife in Weiguo; Qin Mugong married Jin Wengong's two daughters, Wenbo and Huaibo (previously married Jin Huaigong, so he used Jin Huaigong's posthumous title); The wife of Zhao Zhuangji, Zhao Zhuangzi and Zhao Shuo uses her husband's posthumous title as her personal symbol. Some more respected women still have their own posthumous title. A typical example is that history books say that Qi Wenjiang, who committed adultery with her brother Qi Xianggong and murdered her husband Lu Huangong, is her own posthumous title. In addition, there are Mrs. Lu Zhuanggong's condolences to Jiang, his wife Li Gui and Dai Gui, the second wife phonon of Mrs. Lu Zhuanggong, and his wife Zhen Jiang. Mix and match of two logos: identity logo and personal logo are not strict in use, and one of them can be omitted. For example, in the previous example, most people only use "personal logo+ family logo" or "identity logo+ family logo". In some cases, one of the logos can be reused, which is rare. A typical example is Qi's mother's voice Mencius, "Sheng" is her posthumous title, and "Meng" is her ranking in the family, both of which appear as personal signs. As an identity symbol, there are Mrs. Ru and Song, who are also from Song State. "Song" is the name of her motherland and "Hua" is her family name. Both identity signs are used at the same time, which is called Song Huazi. In some special cases, identity and personal identity will also be interchanged. This happens only by chance, for example, suckling women, long-tailed chickens and short-tailed chickens in Qi Huangong. "Dragon" and "Dragon" are relatively large and belong to personal identification, while "Wei" is the name of its home country and belongs to identification. Family logo-the logo of the surname family is usually the surname of the father's family. Throughout the above cases, we will find that almost all female appellations will be followed by a surname, such as Ji, Jiang, Zi, Gui, Kui and Heng. Surname is a product left over from matriarchal clan period, which is used to mark the matriarchal origin of primitive tribes. With the development of history, after entering the patriarchal society, primitive tribes continued to differentiate and migrate, and the concept of clan appeared. Members of the same clan use the same surname as a symbol. Especially after entering the Western Zhou Dynasty, the etiquette stipulated that the descendants of emperors and monarchs must be enshrined for three generations, so different branches of surnames appeared under the same surname. For example, in the state of Jin, there are different clans such as Xun, Yong, Han, Luan, Fox and Xian. In Lu, there are three Huan stones, uncles and; There are bears, Qu, Xiang and Jing in Chu State. The etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty stipulated that men and women with the same surname but different surnames could not get married, otherwise there would be consequences. Men and women with different surnames, even cousins, can get married. Therefore, when Jin Xiangong marries Fox Gigi and Li Ji, people will still criticize them, even though their kinship has long been out of touch. Different from the exclusive status of surnames as nobles, surnames are shared by everyone. In order to determine the surname of a woman's family, it is necessary to add her surname to her title. Moreover, her surname can be either her father's surname or her husband's surname, and the surname can only be her father's surname, so that even if she wants to remarry, people can clearly know her surname without committing the taboo of not getting married with the same surname. Therefore, in the pre-Qin women's appellation, the identity and individual identity are dispensable, but the surname is absolutely indispensable. If a person wants to marry a girl who has been wandering since childhood and doesn't know her identity and origin, in this case, God must also tell you her surname through divination, which shows how cautious people are.