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Encircling Wei to save Zhao-Encircling Wei to save Zhao

First of all, love this bitch.

Everything is wrong. Foreign reserves say left:

In the past, Qin Mugong married his daughter to Kim Jong-il and prepared a very generous dowry. There are as many as 70 concubines in gorgeous clothes alone. When I first married into the State of Jin, people in the State of Jin saw that all the married women were so beautiful, and they all wanted to find a female concubine to take home, but they felt that the king of Qin was not as beautiful as a female concubine and looked down upon him.

This is a story told by Han Fei when he answered a question from the king of Chu by Qiu Tianzhi, who taught Mozi theory in Qi State. The examples of "Qin Bo marries a daughter" and "buying gifts to return pearls" together illustrate the truth of doing things, that is, don't forget to use them, or even use them to harm others. Later generations often use this metaphor to do things, putting the cart before the horse.

Second, Bai Hongguan

From Wei Ce's Warring States Policy IV:

Nie Zheng was a Korean monk during the Warring States Period. Because he killed people to avoid revenge, he fled to Qi and made a living by slaughtering customers. Han Qingyan then had a gap with Han and wanted revenge. When he heard that Nie Zheng was chivalrous and brave, he gave Jin Baizhen as a birthday present for Nie Zheng's mother and explained that he wanted to ask Nie Zheng to assassinate his enemy. Nie Zheng refused on the grounds that her mother still needed support. Later, after the death of his mother, he fought alone and assassinated Han. He met this phenomenon of Bai Hongguan, stabbed himself and committed suicide.

Bai Hong is an atmospheric optical phenomenon, now called solar halo. The ancients were superstitious and often regarded this as a sign of heaven, which would harm the king, and it was also attached to heaven.

3. Bi Wanchang University

From A.D. Zuo Zhuan Min:

In the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Xiangong destroyed Wei and gave Wei's land to Bi Wan, the minister. Bu Yan, the doctor in charge of divination, said: "After completing the task, it will be great. Ten thousand, abundant number also; Wei Ming's official (Wei Tongwei, hence the saying "Yun") gave Bi Wei the land today, which is an act of God to inspire future generations and make them prosperous. " Later, the descendants of Bi Wan really established the State of Wei in the Warring States Period.

In fact, these are all ancient sayings. Later generations often compare the development and prosperity of later generations with the allusion of "the wall is prosperous"

Fourth, hold the ice to hold the fire.

From wuyue's Biography of Gou Jian Returning to China in the Spring and Autumn Period;

Gou Jian, the King of Yue, often honed his will with hard living conditions in order to destroy the country. He held the ice in the cold winter and the fire in the hot summer, working day and night, repairing the military and political affairs at home and treating the diplomatic princes. Ten years of reunion, ten years of lessons, and finally from weak to strong, the destruction of Wu.

Later generations used "holding ice to hold fire" as a metaphor for hard struggle and unremitting self-improvement, and also used to refer to the hardships of life.

V. Holding a letter

From "Zhuangzi Stole His Foot"

Wu Sheng and his beloved woman met under the river bridge. Women don't appear until the high tide, and the micro-students would rather die holding the beam than stand up. Weisheng was loyal to love and kept his promise, but his mind was rigid and he didn't know what happened, so he died in his post.

Later, it was used as an allusion to keep promises, especially for the love vows between men and women.

Sixth, internal and external mountains and rivers

From the twenty-eighth year of Zuo Zhuan:

During the Spring and Autumn Period, before the decisive battle in Chu Jin, Jin Wengong's counselor, who was also Jin Wengong's uncle and son, suggested that Wen Gong take part in the decisive battle. He thought that even if the battle failed, he could stick to it at the risk of Taihang Mountain and Yellow River. The original words are: "War also. If you win the battle, you win the vassal; If you are not agile, it will not hurt. "

Later generations often use "mountains and rivers are outside" to illustrate the solidity of geographical national defense.

And Bird Yang Hao wrote in Tongguan Nostalgia: The peaks are like gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road. People who look to the west will hesitate. This is the meaning of "mountains and rivers on the outside" in the book, which on the one hand shows the sinister situation in Tongguan; On the other hand, it reflects the ruin of the imperial palace in Qin and Han dynasties and the endless suffering of the people during the war.

Seven, candidly admit defeat

From Zuo Zhuan for fifteen years:

In the battle of Qin, Jin and Hanyuan, the Jin army was defeated, and Jin was captured by Qin Jun, accompanied by Dr. Jin's unkempt hair. Qin Mugong urged, "How anxious Ersanzi is! I want to invite the Jin army to my state of Qin. How dare I go too far? " Doctor Jin bowed three times and said, "You walk on the ground and wear the emperor's heaven. The emperor really hears your words, and the ministers dare to descend."

In fact, Dr. King's words are an oath, and I hope what he said can be kept. "Good wind" means that your promise is not only a mirror of heaven and earth, but also heard by all of us who are detained. I hope you won't break your word.

"Bowing to the wind" was originally a humble and cowardly act, and later it gradually evolved into the idiom "willing to bow to the wind" as a self-deprecating word.

Borrow one at the back of the city.

Excerpt from Zuo Zhuan's Two Years of Public Service:

In 589 BC, after the allied forces of Jin, Lu and Wei defeated the Qi army, Qi Qing sent minister Bing (Guo Zuo, who once presided over the government affairs of Qi) to bribe Qi Kejian, the coach of the Jin army. When Jin put forward the harsh conditions of humiliating Qi (Xiao Shu is the mother of Qi, taking the ridges and acres of land in Qi's fields as hostages, making roads and canals the east-west direction of 8 Jin Army. The commanders of the two armies, Lu and Wei, advised Chuck to stop fighting and make peace with Qi. Jin finally gave up the idea of continuing to attack and signed a Covenant, which turned Qi into safety.

Later, he vowed to "borrow one from the back of the city" to fight the enemy to the death.

Nine, Tao Jingban.

From Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Twenty-six Years:

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Ju, the grandfather of Wu Zixu in Chu State, was good friends with Gong Sungui, the son of Cai Zichao (son of Wen Gong and Gongzichao). Wu Ju married Wang Zimou (that is, Shen Gong). After Wang Zimou escaped from the crime, the Chu people all said that "Wang Zimou's escape was actually escorted by Wu Ju." So Wu Ju also fled to Zheng because of his involvement, and then prepared to go to the State of Jin. Just then, Sun Guisheng was going to the State of Jin, and the two met outside Zheng. They "eat like Jing (pulling out the grass building) (sitting on it and eating), but talk about the past (talking about returning to Chu).

Later, it refers to friends meeting on the road and chatting about old feelings.

X. Hong Yan Bi Hua

From Zhuangzi Foreign Things.

Changhong was a doctor of Zhou Dachen Liu Wengong in the Spring and Autumn Period. Liu He is a family friend. Jin Qing (in 490 BC, that is, ten years on Wednesday, Zhao defeated Fan and Bank of China) fought among themselves, and Changhong helped Fan, so Zhao Yang denounced him for it. The Jin army blamed Zhou, who killed Changhong. Changhong died in Shu (now Sichuan), and the people of Shu all felt it. In three years, his blood turned to jasper, and he was sincere.

Of course, turn Bi's theory into the romance of later generations. Later, "Hong Hong Bi Hua" was often used to describe loyal ministers who died of injustice. Still have to be loyal to the country, and the spirit of loyalty to the country will last forever.

Like Yuan Chonghuan, a famous soldier in the late Ming Dynasty, his blood turned green after his death.

XI。 Stab the stock

From "The Warring States Policy Qin Ce I":

Su Qin lobbied the king of Qin, saying that the king of Qin didn't adopt his idea last time. When he got home, his parents, wife and sister-in-law ignored him. When he is sad, he works hard and studies hard day and night. After reading a book at night, I feel sleepy, so I prick my thigh with an awl to wake up and continue my study. This spirit of hard work and self-improvement has always been praised by people and has become a typical example of persuasion in the old days.

Later generations often use "stabbing stocks" as an allusion to hard work and self-improvement.

XII. Knife wound brocade

From Zuo Zhuan Thirty-one Years of "xianggong":

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zi Pi, a doctor of the State of Zheng, wanted one of his junior officials, Yin He, to be a doctor in a place. Because Zheng Zichan came to power on his recommendation in his later years, he probably thought that Zichan would not oppose the promotion of Yin He. Zheng Zichan advocates "learning before politics" to avoid screwing things up, which is a safe way to choose candidates; If you are a scholar who studies politics, you will make fun of politics, which is irresponsible and harmful to politics. In order to illustrate this truth, Zi Chan compared "cutting without a knife" with "obsessing over money does not make people study" and expounded that the cart before the horse cannot be put.

From today's perspective, although it is understandable to learn before doing, learning while doing is also learning and cannot be biased.

The combination of "wielding a knife" and "wounding brocade" by later generations is a metaphor for weakness.

Thirteen, Chu curtain is black.

From Zuo Zhuan Zhuang Gong Twenty-eight Years:

Chu defeated Zheng, and Zheng was rescued by other vassal States, forcing the Chu army to retreat overnight. In order to prevent the rescue of Zheng Jun and the reinforcements of the vassal states, the Chu army quietly retreated at night, but left an empty camp as a cover. The army tent was empty, crows lived on it, and the Zheng people sized up the situation and stopped running in the Chu military camp.

Later, this allusion was often used to refer to failure or the emptiness of military power.

Fourteen, Ding Gong sank

From Lu Chunqiu Tea Biography:

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a man named Ding in Song State. Because there was no well at home, he dug a well in his yard. He thinks that in this way, there is no need for a special person to wash clothes and fetch water, which is equivalent to getting help from one person. After someone heard it, they spread it out, saying that Ding Jia had got a man by drilling.

Later, it was used as a metaphor to spread the truth, or subjectivism explained it out of thin air, confusing things.

Fifteen, the righteousness above family loyalty

This story is famous, and it is also recorded in the Chronicle of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, but I want to talk about the Four Years of Seclusion from Zuo Zhuan:

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the son of Wawax of Wei State and the son of Guo Xu * * * murdered you and usurped the throne. Shi Hou went to his father to calm the hearts of the people at home. Paraffin wax is designed for this purpose. With the help of Chen Huangong, they took advantage of Chen Guo to arrest Zhou Xu and Shi Hou. Weiguo sent people to Pu to kill, and Shila sent his ministers to Chen to kill. Zuo Zhuan therefore praised: "The gentleman said,' Paraffin is a pure minister. Urged by evil state, generous (with it, meaning to be executed together). How can it be called "putting righteousness above family members"? " "

The meaning of "destroying the family" originally refers to destroying the affair between father and son for the sake of the righteousness of monarch and minister, and later refers to upholding justice and not favoritism.

Sixteen, the East is effective.

From Zhuangzi Destiny:

It is said that there is a stunning beauty named Shi in Vietnam. She is beautiful, no matter how she dresses up, her every move is beautiful and moving. Shi's heart is very painful. When he is ill, he always puts his hand on his chest and frowns. One day, she was walking on the road in the village. Suddenly, her chest ached and she frowned in pain. She unconsciously put her hand on her chest and grinned. It happened that an ugly girl named Dong Shi came face to face. When he saw the frown, Shi put his hand on his chest and smiled. He thinks he is beautiful. So, just imitate. Dong Shi had no chest pain, and put his hand on his chest and grinned, frowning as usual, thinking it was beautiful. When the villagers saw her uncharacteristically, they looked at her for no reason, but the ugly girl frowned and grinned more because she was liked by others, scaring everyone away.

Later, the metaphor of "ugly and clumsy" was used to imitate "beauty and cleverness" blindly and mechanically, which backfired and became a laughing stock.

Li Baiyou: Ugly women follow suit and surprise their neighbors.

Seventeen, stupefied

Zhuangzi Sheng Da:

During the Warring States period, cockfighting was a pleasure activity for nobles, and the King of Qi was a cockfighting fan at that time. In order to win on the chicken farm, King Qi specially invited an expert Ji to help him train chickens. The king of Qi was eager to win, and after a few days, he sent someone to urge him. Ji Xunzi said, "A chicken is unruly. As soon as it sees its opponent, it is eager to try and can't hold its breath. " A few days later, the King of Qi sent someone to ask, and Ji Xunzi said, "Not yet. It seems that the chicken does not move, but it is not calm enough. " A few days later, Ji Xunzi finally said to the bearer, "Please tell the King of Qi that I have to hurry to train chickens." When it comes to cockfighting, the opponent's chicken barks and jumps, and the chicken trained by Ji Xiezi is like a wooden chicken, and there is no response at all. The other chickens were scared away when they saw its dull appearance. So the king of Qi used this chicken to fight with others and naturally won.

Zhuangzi used this story to illustrate that some things are not necessarily inherited from nature, but can become habits after artificial training, so as to achieve the purpose of transforming "things".

But to later generations, it is all derogatory to use "stupefied" to describe the expression of people who are stupefied by fear or surprise.

It's really funny to think about it. The origin of this idiom is so irrelevant to the present explanation. Hehe, the ancients are also very interesting.

Eighteen, rob and hate the master

From "Zuo Zhuan Duke Fifteen Years":

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Bozong (son of doctor Sun of Jin Dynasty) was honest and outspoken in North Korea. His wife often advises him: "If you hate your master and the people hate him, it is difficult to speak frankly." Later, Bozong was killed because he had too many grievances.

"Stealing and hating the master" means that the thief hates the master who has been stolen or robbed by him. Later it means that bad people hate honest people, they hate kind people, ugly people and beautiful people, and bad people hate kind people.

Nineteen, forget the fish.

From "Zhuangzi Foreign Things":

Zhuangzi said: "Sasakawa (that is, bamboo utensils for fishing) can catch fish because it is forgotten;" Hooves (crying tools for catching rabbits) are all on rabbits, and you forget hooves when you get rabbits; The speaker (language, writing) cares about (meaning and reason to be expressed) and forgets to say it proudly. I have an Andrew who forgets his words and talks with others (that is, there are very few people who deeply understand his Tao and attach importance to it but don't waste words, so Zhuangzi hopes to find such people to talk with him)! "

Zhuangzi used the metaphor of "forgetting fish" and "forgetting rabbit's hoof" here, not in a negative sense. The purpose is to illustrate the truth of "getting carried away" by comparison.

Later generations used "forgetting fish" but changed their original intention. Generally speaking, it is negative, which means that once you achieve your goal, you will forget or give up the means you rely on to achieve it.

It can be seen that this idiom is also inconsistent with the origin of later generations. I don't know how it got there.

Twenty, broken weaving (Meng Mu following weaving)

From Han Shi Zhuan and Lienv Zhuan:

Mencius was a representative figure of Mohism in the Warring States Period, and his surname was Meng Mingke. Because of his profound appreciation and noble morality, he was praised as "the sage of Asia" by later generations. Mencius' high status is related to his education since childhood. When Mencius was a child, his mother attached great importance to his education. On one occasion, Mencius didn't go to school for fun. His mother was very angry when she learned about it. She immediately picked up scissors and cut the thread she was knitting. Mencius was very filial to his mother. Seeing her so angry, he was afraid and sad. Seeing his son's repentance, Meng Mu said earnestly to his son, "If you give up your studies, you will cut the wires like me. Only when you concentrate on your studies will you have knowledge. If you don't study hard now, you will accomplish nothing in the future. " From then on, Mencius studied hard and finally became a great scholar.

Later, I used "Broken Weaver Girl" as an allusion to encourage me to study hard and not give up halfway. In addition, people also use rags to express the persuasion of virtuous women.

Dondero's "Shangzhou" has this allusion: "The grace of weaving is the ambition in the forest of books."

Another story about broken weaving is the story of Le Yangzi's wife persuading her husband to go to school, which is similar to the story of Meng Mu persuading Mencius. The purpose has been achieved.