Propagation method of Quercus mongolica

Soil preparation and selection of nursery land

1, soil preparation, soil preparation and soil preparation started in mid-September, and the soil preparation was turned over to a depth of 30cm to pick out the grass roots and Mongolian oak.

Block, sow in autumn and spring, harrow in the following spring, and apply organic fertilizer 1.5t every 667m2. When turning the soil, apply 4kg ferrous sulfate every 667m2 to control underground pests, and 2.5kg phoxim can be applied every 667m2. Then apply 5 kilograms of farmyard manure per square meter, the bed height is 20cm, the bed surface width is 1. 1m, and the walkway is 40cm. In order to control seedling diseases, 5g of solution was sprayed on the bed surface per square meter, and the seeds were sown five days later. 2. Nursery land should be sandy loam and loam, with flat terrain, good drainage, fertile soil, pH value of 5.5 ~ 7.0 and soil thickness of more than 50cm.

Seed selection and treatment

1. Collect seed mother trees, and select the stand with high seed setting period, high density, straight trunk, consistent forest age and no pests and diseases as the excellent stand for seed collection. 2. In mid-September, when the seeds are fully mature, the seeds are collected, and Quercus mongolica has been designated as an excellent mother tree.

When collecting seeds, the seeds of Quercus mongolica naturally fall off to the ground when they mature. For seeds that have not fallen off, shake the trunk to make them fall off, and then collect them on the ground. At the same time, the seeds with incomplete development and insect eyes are collected. Soak the seeds in warm water at 50 ~ 55℃ for half an hour immediately after collection. First, kill the acorns. Second, select seeds to improve purity. Third, soak in warm water to accelerate germination. 3. Soak the seeds in warm water at 50℃ ~ 55℃ 15min or soak them in cold water for 24h after harvest, and take out the floating immature and moth-eaten seeds at the same time, or fumigate them with dichlorvos for one day and night for insecticidal treatment. Autumn sowing seeds can be directly sown after disinfection, with good effect; Spring sowing seeds are mixed with sand in a cold room (the ratio of seed to sand is 65,438+0 ∶ 3) to accelerate germination, and turned once a week, and infected seeds are detected and burned at any time. The seeds were screened out one week before sowing in the next spring and turned over in the sun, and the seeds could be cracked by more than 30%. 4. After seed preparation and selection, put it in a cool and humid warehouse for preservation. Seed storage should be adapted to local conditions, and there are usually the following three storage methods. Indoor sand storage should be in a ventilated and dry room or shed. Spread a layer of sand first, and then a layer of seeds, with a thickness of 8- 10 cm. Such a layer of sand should be piled with a layer of seeds, and the height of the pile should not exceed 0.7 meters. You can also mix sand and seeds in piles of Mongolian oak.

Hide. But in any case, straw must be erected at intervals in the middle of the pile to facilitate ventilation and prevent the seeds from being heated and moldy. Indoor cellar storage is used in the north where there is little rain in winter and the climate is cold, that is, the cellar is dug in the dry place in the open air, with the width and depth of 1 m respectively, and the length depends on the number of seeds. Like the above method, pile seeds layer by layer until they are 20-30 cm away from the pit, and then cover them with dry sand. At the same time, a lot of grass strips are erected side by side in the middle of the cellar, and then piled on it to form a steamed bun-shaped mound, covered with grass or mats, and ditches are dug around to drain water. The running water storage method uses bamboo baskets and willow baskets to hold seeds, which are placed in rivers and streams with low flow rate, and the baskets are fixed with wooden stakes to prevent them from being washed away by running water. The germinated seeds are disinfected with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, and then planted in the middle and late September. The sowing amount is 0.7kg/m2, and the ground diameter, seedling height and emergence amount are the most suitable. Seedbed width 1m, cover with 4cm soil after sowing, and slightly press. In the late June of 65438+ 10, the seedbed with 5cm thickness was covered with leaves and grass, and then the leaves were covered with 1 cm-2 cm thick soil as a cold-proof treatment. The mulch on the seedbed was removed in the middle of April the following year to make the seedlings grow normally. (1) The sowing time is autumn sowing 65438+1early October ~165438+1early October; Spring sowing is from mid-April to early May. (2) There are three sowing methods: sowing, drilling and on-demand. Evenly sowing seeds on the bed surface, covering soil for 4-5 cm to suppress; The width of drilling is 10cm, the depth of ditching is 5 ~ 6 cm, the seeds are evenly spread in the ditch, and the soil is covered with 4 ~ 5~6cm to suppress; The row spacing of sowing plants is 8 cm×10 cm, and the depth is 5 ~ 6 cm. Put a seed in each hole, umbilical down, cover with soil for 4 ~ 5~6cm to suppress. Water the soles of your feet before sowing. (3) Sowing amount: the sowing amount of drilling is 130 ~ 200 kg/667m2, and the sowing amount is 100 ~ 130 kg/667m2.