Classification of witchcraft

From the nature of witchcraft, witchcraft can be divided into black witchcraft and white witchcraft. Black witchcraft refers to witchcraft used when framing others; White witchcraft is used when praying for good luck, so it is also called auspicious witchcraft.

Judging from the means of witchcraft, witchcraft can be divided into two categories, one is imitation witchcraft and the other is contact witchcraft. It is a kind of witchcraft, which uses a part of something or something related to it to seek good luck and blame others. This kind of witchcraft can achieve its goal as long as it touches a part of someone's body or someone's equipment. If someone is sick, put a coin or something expensive in the sick place and throw it on the road for anyone to pick it up, then it is considered that the patient has been transferred to the picker. Putting a bowl, Jiang Yuan plays a great man, and getting drunk and abandoning Zhou is all about witchcraft. In the past, black witchcraft used to collect hair, beards, nails and beloved things of people who were at odds with each other in order to hurt each other. Children's names can't be told to others casually, otherwise they will be controlled by others.

In Liangshan Yi people, when the slave owners found that the slaves had escaped, they not only sent people to look for them, but also asked the wizards to practice witchcraft. The method is to bring the rags left by slaves and put them in a stone mill for grinding. Because cloth is not easy to grind down, they think that slaves will inevitably wander in the mountains and find no way to escape. In order to escape from the jaws of death, slaves also fought against witchcraft. Generally, when they escape, they carry a small stone mill on their backs and put it on their heads, so that the cloth ground by the slave owners will fall off quickly and they can escape successfully. Curses and witchcraft are usually the main methods. Seek dark or evil forces to punish the enemy of the caster, but generally pay the same price. For example, when ordinary people use curses, they usually use their own blood as a medium to summon evil spirits. If the curse is successful, the caster must use his own vitality (spiritual strength) as the source of the curse. Otherwise, the curse will not be carried out, and even the caster will be bitten by evil spirits.

It is often used to avenge people or others, and it can also be used as a spell to cure diseases, punish evil and promote good, and fight against black witchcraft. Witches can also be divided into two types, one is handed down from generation to generation and taught by old wizards; The other is the so-called wizard taught by the gods in dreams, named Mismagius. Voodoo doll is a means of revenge in black witchcraft. The concept opposite to black witchcraft is white witchcraft.

With the rise of human civilization, especially the formation of cities, man and nature are increasingly separated, and a new spirit has emerged. Natural selection and survival of the fittest are more intense in cities than anywhere else. Humans began to develop their own ambitions and aggressiveness, and only by riding on others' heads can they stand out. In this case, witchcraft has become a horrible tool of personal struggle and a black witchcraft that people are afraid of. Witchcraft is also spurned by most people.

Black magic, the darkest of all black magic, is undoubtedly necromancy! It is also one of the ugliest and most disgusting magic rituals. Necroma ncy comes from Greek, which means death and supernatural power. Necromancy itself refers to an ancient method of communicating with the undead world. Necromancy can be traced back to ancient Persian, Greek, Roman and medieval wizards. The necromancer can be divided into two factions: one faction summons and dominates ghosts (necromancer faction), which is more common; One faction has mastered the law of reviving the dead (the dead faction), and both factions are closely related to the banned dark magic. Necromancers usually use altars and spells, while necromancers get terrible black magic by digging corpses and robbing tombs. Necromancers are usually surrounded by terrible deaths. They wear clothes stolen from the dead and meditate on the meaning of death …

Without a certain degree of knowledge about soul and death, it is impossible to understand the mystery of necromancy. If we engage in it rashly, the consequences will be very dangerous. Because under normal circumstances, the dead will not return to the world (whether as an entity or a ghost), if this happens, it must be for very special reasons. If a living person wants to establish contact with another world and dominates the soul but ignores the requirements of the dead, then he should seriously study the knowledge related to dark magic so as not to become a victim of demons!

At first, communication with necromancers was mostly driven by interests. Because everyone thinks that everything can be seen after death, necromancers call the dead largely by those who want to know the location of the treasure, and these calling ceremonies usually take place 1 2 months after death, because people believe that the soul has been wandering around the cemetery for 12 months after death and can't see what the living want to see. But bodies that are too old are usually not chosen, because as far as the dead are concerned, bodies that are too bad can't answer the question clearly. Later, necromancers summoned necromancers and corpses to attack others, which mostly happened in ancient Egypt and ancient Greece.

For the above purposes, it is usually necessary to suppress the anger of necromancers, which requires special magic help, and usually only experienced wizards can do it. In the ancient books of British wizards, it is recorded that the necromancer painted a spell on the chest of a dead body. Sometimes, necromancers need to summon some powerful demons to protect themselves, or drive the undead and ghosts to obey themselves. In ancient Greek mantras, it is recorded that necromancers summoned their brothers (K ore), Persephone, Elleuch Kigal (Adonis), Hermes (Hermes) and Thoth (Thoth) in order to protect themselves and control necromancers. In Roman drama, the description of the necromancer ceremony also includes burning and bleeding. In other ceremonies, necromancers eat dog meat, which symbolizes Hecate, the patron saint of wizards. They also eat unsalted and unfermented black bread and unfermented grape juice, which symbolizes decay and death.

In continental Europe, the requirements of evocation ceremonies are even more stringent. The location of the ceremony is usually carefully designated in some abandoned intersections, basements, ruins, inaccessible forests or withered bushes. Once the time of the ceremony was determined, some concentric circles and indescribable symbols symbolizing power were painted in the venue and given sacred names.

These circles are cursed by magic, and the necromancer's assistant stands in the middle of the circles and is protected by magic. Finally, the necromancer's power is in his hands, summoning the soul of the underworld. If the practice is successful, the necromancer will emerge from the circle, and the necromancer will have to face the unbearable screams and incomprehensible complaints of the necromancer ... Sometimes, the powerful necromancer will even scream in the circle in the form of a monster, threatening to tear the necromancer to pieces! When the necromancer finally succumbs to the wizard's feet, he usually turns into a naked ghost and then answers the wizard's questions and demands.

At the end of Whitsunday, necromancers usually disappear into the poisonous fog of sulfur, and the bodies are burned by wizards with quicklime. Until then, the necromancer must stay in the sacred circle. If he has to leave, he must hold some other ceremonies. The necromancer will also remove all the flowers and plants in the area before and after the ceremony, burn them and bury the ashes in the area. The whole ceremony is full of terrible dangers. A little carelessness will lead to the death of the necromancer, even permanent trauma to the soul ... In the 7th century, the famous necromancer and prophet Kiankunji in Egypt was crushed to death by the devil because he left the altar in a hurry. ...

The church sent the necromancer, a very special dark magic tribe. The necromancer used strange dark magic. According to legend, at midnight, the necromancer will recite a dark poem in the cemetery: "The dead come back to me" and then disperse it to the church cemetery. When they call, they will cry and sing "E go sum te peto et uidere queo", and when they leave, they will order "return to the country designated by God".

The following is a description of the greatest church necromancer in history: Dr. john dee and his assistant Edward Kelly: When the assistant lit the death ceremony with a torch, the doctor stood in the cemetery, holding a power struggle in his hand and chanting a spell. In the firelight, you can clearly see that a newly summoned necromancer in white cloth is trembling ... while the other two wizards are whispering a spell to protect themselves in the sacred circle, and vaguely hear the names of some angels: "Raphael, Rael, Milla, Tamir, Rex ..." ...

Another famous necromancer in history is Endor. It is recorded in the Bible that he once called the dead prophet Samuel King Saul and predicted the demise of King Saul.

In addition, in 1 century Greece, there were famous necromancers Apollo and Teyana.

/kloc-Britain in the 6th century had the above-mentioned john dee and his useless assistant Edwood Kelly.

In the17th century, there was a great Eliphaz Levi. He tried to summon the great apollonius, but he was shocked by the soul of apollonius!

For necromancers, the numbers 9 and 13 are of great significance. Nine represents the nine realms that the soul has to go through from birth to death in ancient beliefs. 13 stands for the last supper of Jesus and his resurrection.

In voodoo, when a corpse comes back to life, it appears in the form of Baron Samedi (ragged zombie god). In Haiti, the necromancer incarnated as Papa Nibo, the father of death, and presided over the ceremony. During the ceremony, Bai La was dripped on the feet and lips of the corpse, and the necromancer wore a monk's robe and a silver hat. The symbol of Papa Nipo was hung on the cross. When the wizard's robe and hat trembled, it proved that Baron Samedi had been awakened and the ceremony was successful.

The reason why necromancy is spurned by people is that, in addition to its improper purpose, the most heinous thing is that many corpses are used as raw materials for casting spells during the ceremony. Moreover, necromancy believes that the best medicine is to die of a violent corpse! Because they think that people who die like this have more unused spiritual power. In ancient Norse witchcraft, the strongest necromancer can even resurrect people who have just died on the gallows! Paulus Grelandus, a religious judge in the 0/6th century AD/KLOC, once recorded: "Necromancers use charred corpse fragments, especially those who are hanged and humiliated ... with small nails or teeth ... hair, ears or eyes ... muscles, bones or fresh meat ..." Some necromancers even eat corpses, especially unwashed babies. Many graves were stolen at that time. The most famous case in history is Alice kettler, an Irish necromancer. She was accused of stealing and using the hair and skull of a dead body, saying that moss growing on the head of a dead body is very precious to necromancers …

In the witch hunting movements in 16 and 17 centuries, a large number of necromancers inevitably became hunting targets. The church chanted that they were servants of the devil, and the description of Indar in the Bible proved that necromancer was a symbol of destruction. Necromancers have been arguing about the difference between undead and demons. After centuries of struggle, the necromancer has finally evolved into a psychic today, thus avoiding religious persecution. Not only that, the psychic is further worshipped and accepted by people under the rendering of the media. Famous psychics in modern times include Joseph glanville, Dr. Francis Van Helmont, Dr. Henry Moore and robert boyle. Praise the gods and pray for them at ordinary times. Seek the power of light or kindness and help others without paying too much. For example, when using special materials to pray for others, you only need to tell the gods the purpose and offer sacrifices. At the end of the blessing, you can complete the blessing by thanking the gods.

White witchcraft is a kind of witchcraft, that is, ordinary people pray for sunshine and rain, exorcise ghosts and evil spirits, exterminate insects and seek things, evoke spirits, and even let infertile women have children, so that men and women who have no feelings can fall in love. It's relative to black witchcraft.

White witchcraft subjectively foresees the future situation in a mysterious environment, or adopts effective methods to treat diseases and give people health. Divination witchcraft is the most commonly used witchcraft in diagnosis and treatment activities in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In addition, there are:

1. Forbidden spell. Before practicing some witchcraft, you need to use language to treat malaria, such as cursing dates. The way is just the opposite of worshipping ghosts and gods, just using language to imitate witchcraft activities. In a specific cultural environment, cursing may play a certain role in inspiring patients' courage and increasing their confidence.

2. Sacrifice. It is expected to be protected by the heavenly emperor, ancestors and gods, and has certain spiritual functions. According to the historical records, "When my late king was young, Duke Zhou took fleas (claws) and sank into the river to pray for the gods ... When he became king, he became ill."

3. Congratulations. It is a kind of witchcraft with language as the main means and some rituals as the supplement. Su Wen turned essence into qi and said, "Doctors can only wish to learn from the past." It can be seen that witchcraft that hopes to cure diseases has existed since ancient times. Both practitioners and patients hope to remove the pathogenic factors by telling the cause of the disease, which has certain components of psychotherapy.

4.yubu。 According to legend, Dayu himself often presides over sacrificial ceremonies and divination activities. The method of forbidding swelling in Forbidden Classics says: "On the 5th day, you should practice your footwork and keep your breath steady. If you treat a disease, you should think that your hands are hot iron, which means that your predecessors are sick as snow, and your hands will be scattered when you are sick. "When treating diseases, patients are often angry. If the patient has edema on his head, it is not necessary to treat it, which will hurt people. There is a little left, and I will treat it tomorrow. " There are three, seven and nine steps in the use of Yu Bu, and the method of coordination with breathing is recorded. The method of Yubu was gradually formed, but it could not be separated from the inheritance of Xia, Shang and the same period.

5. Eliminate evil spirits and peach blossoms. These are all behavioral witchcraft. In the concept of witchcraft, this kind of bathing is considered to eliminate disasters and diseases, especially to wash women's impurity with peach blossom water in spring, which is called purification, and its purpose is to exorcise ghosts and seek advice.

Nuo dance was very popular in the Zhou Dynasty. Nuo dance is a witchcraft activity to drive away epidemic ghosts before the twelfth lunar month, so it is named Nuo dance or exorcism.

Taozi is a mahogany-handled broom made of reed flowers. The ancients believed that it had the function of expelling evil spirits and epidemics.

6. Predict diseases. The most ingenious diagnosis in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the inference of pregnancy and puerperium. In the Book of Changes, it is said that "there is no mistake, and there is no medicine." "It hurts the disease and makes you happy, beyond reproach." It is a summary of medical practice experience. Most hoarders are women, which is their specialty. Yunnan southern magazine: "Yunnan people keep magic ... people try to hide them, and children worry about food." Magic guards, don't be locked in a secret room, let women feed them. Seeing that men are defeated, they gather in pure yin. " Zhou Qufei's answer to the generation outside the ridge: the ancient poison is a "night sacrifice for women" and the "new theory of southern Yunnan" is to please foreign women. There are many methods, such as gold silkworm method, malnutrition method, epilepsy method, swelling method, loach method, stone method, scorpion method and snake method. Among them, the gold silkworm method is the fiercest. In the past, superstitious activities of raising gold silkworm were very popular in some counties and towns in Fujian. It is said that gold silkworm is an invisible worm who can do things for others and is the most diligent and hygienic. Generally, people who have clean rooms are considered as people who support gold silkworm. The production method of gold silkworm is to select snake, centipede and other 12 poisonous insects, bury them at the crossroads, take them out and store them in the incense burner after 49 days (or another mysterious day), and make gold silkworm. In the eyes of people who believe in gold silkworm, gold silkworm is spiritual and can make breeders rich, but the owner of a rich family should also tell gold silkworm how much money he owes, otherwise gold silkworm will ask for money to buy food, otherwise it will cause trouble. If the gold silkworm family doesn't want to keep it, they can pass it on and say "marry gold silkworm". The method is to wrap silver, pollen and incense ashes (representing gold silkworm) on the road, and greedy people will naturally pick them up. Gold silkworm can kill people, usually due to abdominal swelling and bleeding. Malnutrition law, also known as "laying eggs, releasing malnutrition and releasing bees", is popular among people in Guangdong and Guangxi. The method is to catch centipedes, small snakes, dragonflies, ants, poison bee, cicadas, earthworms and so on. Adding hair at noon, drying it in the sun, grinding it into powder, and offering it in front of the statue of athel Loren has become a method over time, which can poison people in the diet. Epilepsy hub is popular in Dong nationality, and many snakes are buried in the soil with epigenetic fungi, which causes epilepsy. Swelling makes people's abdomen swell; Misgurnus anguillicaudatus poisoning is to soak Misgurnus anguillicaudatus with powder and bamboo leaves. As for the stone method and the thin slice method, they are both made of soaked medicine, which is harmful on the road. It is said that they can enter people's bodies and cause evil diseases.

Most magical methods are put in food. Most curses are put in food. In Chiya, the curse is put in the food first, and the taste is increased a hundred times. In addition, they are placed on the first piece of food. Under the method, there are some worms themselves, some worm droppings, and some saliva foam. Sometimes you can do magic without eating. Talia Liu's "Huang Miao's Notes": "Miao is very poisonous, so there is no need to eat specially. Anyone who boos it with anger and looks at it with his eyes can spread it to people; Those who use grain will also take advantage. " Witchcraft taboo is a general term for some restrictive concepts and customs about social behavior and belief activities. Its common noun is tabu, which is a Polynesian dialect. Its original meaning refers to people, things and places with supernatural power that ordinary people can't touch. There are two reasons why these things are not accessible to ordinary people. First, they are regarded as sacred, and second, they are regarded as ominous or unclean. Is a very common form of superstition. Taboo witchcraft is a kind of negative witchcraft, which requires people not to touch anything or do anything, otherwise it will bring misfortune. Taboos are diversified, some out of fear of some natural forces, some out of love for the elderly and children, some out of worship of ghosts and gods, and some out of superstition about good or bad luck. If you can't use your fingers to rainbow after rain, your fingers will rot; Respect totems, holy places, ancestral tablets and wizards; Pregnant women should avoid eating ginger and rabbit meat; Men and women are forbidden to get married, singularity is forbidden during the wedding period, and they can't get married during the eclipse, otherwise the husband and wife will not get along, and so on. There are also taboos about animals and plants. Mongolians are not allowed to put chopsticks in the chopsticks bucket when they see that the cat is pregnant, otherwise the cat will abort and sell animals, and cut a pinch of hair to stay, otherwise it will break the money.

The divine judgment of witchcraft is also called divine judgment, divine judgment and divine punishment.

Divine judgment witchcraft is a kind of witchcraft that prays to the gods to judge the authenticity and property disputes between people. Trial by God is an ancient trial method widely practiced by all nationalities in the world under certain historical conditions. This is an important stage in the development of folk customary law. In ancient legends, Hao Tao used the method of divine judgment. The method is to touch the suspect with a horn and think he is guilty. Later, the sacred sheep evolved into a symbol of an upright judge, and later judges were crowned with arrogance. For example, the referee of grave robbery: Jingpo people have "fighting snails". The lost man first put a snail in the bowl, and the suspect also caught a snail in the bowl and let the two snails fight each other. Finally, judging theft by the victory or defeat of snails. Achang people light a candle on each side, and the length of burning time determines the right or wrong of both sides. Jingpo people also have an "egg divination", that is, taking a thatch from the roof of each suspect's house and putting it in a bowl. This kind of divination is very dark. Then let the mage recite the scriptures, pour an egg into the bowl and stir it a little. Suspected people also rushed to the scene to see whose straw the egg white stuck to first and who would steal. Burning: There is a divine punishment in Tibet. The method is to burn a stone or iron in a fire pit or a makeshift charcoal fire and let the suspect pick it up by hand. If his hand is not burned, he is innocent, otherwise he is guilty. Zhuang people also use the method of stepping on fire (preparing for fire prevention in advance). It is reasonable that the foot is not injured, otherwise it is unreasonable. Blood Judgment: Under the supervision of the chief wizard, both sides of the lost Wa nationality stretched out their hands and rubbed against each other. Until a certain point, if both sides bleed or not, the fight will stop. If one party bleeds, it will compensate or apologize. There are also initial judgments, stabbing hands and so on. In addition, there are oil pans (with vinegar or wax in them), water pans (with millet), diving and so on.