What is the evolution process of historical figures?

The evolution of China characters has gone through several stages: Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Dazhuan, Xiaozhuan, Lishu, cursive script, regular script and running script. This is in line with the development law of characters from complexity to simplicity and from nonstandard to standardized.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Dazhuan and Xiaozhuan can be collectively called seal script. Then, seal script, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script constitute the five fonts of China's calligraphy. With the development of Chinese characters, regular script and running script are still in use, while seal script, official script and cursive script, especially seal script, are no longer used in daily life, but exist as a kind of calligraphy art.

1, lettering in Jia Hu

More than 8,000 years ago, a batch of prints (9,000-7,800 years ago) were unearthed at Jiahu Site in Wuyang, Henan Province, which were called Jia Hu prints. Some scholars think it's just lettering, while others think it's writing. Tsung i Jao, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, made an in-depth study of Jia Hu's inscriptions and proposed that "Jia Hu's inscriptions provide brand-new information for the key issue of the origin of Chinese characters".

In Jiahu 2 1 inscription, the character 1 1 has been identified, which belongs to pictographic characters reflecting the images of Li Li and Kun.

2. Banpo Pottery Symbol

Six thousand years ago, there were twenty or thirty kinds of carved symbols on the edge of the pottery jar mouth belonging to the Banpo site of Yangshao culture, that is, Banpo pottery symbols, which were considered as "some simple characters produced in the origin stage of characters", and some of them were numbers.

3. Bone inscriptions

Oracle Bone Inscriptions refers to the symbols carved on animal bones-hieroglyphics or graphic characters, which are found in Shandong (Chifeng, Guanzhong and other places) and are the earliest recognizable characters in China. In 2005, Professor Fengjun Liu, a famous archaeologist and director of the Institute of Fine Arts and Archaeology of Shandong University, discovered and named it, which was originally called "Dongyi Characters" and later called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions".

Formed from 2600 BC to 65438 BC+0300 BC, it was a popular writing in Longshan culture period. Since the end of 20 10, Ding Zaixian, a famous Dongyi cultural scholar and full-time vice president of Shandong Tourism Industry Association, has successfully deciphered Oracle Bone Inscriptions systematically, and comprehensively discussed the inheritance relationship with Oracle Bone Inscriptions and modern Chinese characters from the aspects of the source and structure of characters.

4. Water Book of Xia Dynasty

The pottery unearthed from Erlitouxia site in Yanshi, Luoyang City, Henan Province, has 24 calligraphy characters. A more eclectic view is that China characters "formed a relatively complete writing system" in the middle and late Xia Dynasty 4,000 years ago. Of course, this is not a recognized view, because there are few words unearthed in the Xia Dynasty.

5. Oracle Bone Inscriptions

1959, some pottery was unearthed in Dawenkou, Shandong Province, with some symbols engraved on it, which can be considered as the embryonic characters of the early period (about 4300 BC). But what we are seeing now, which has begun to take shape and is relatively complete, is Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Yin and Shang Dynasties.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, many tortoise shells and animal bones were found in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province, with characters engraved on them, which aroused great interest in academic circles and called this kind of characters Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

6. Jinwen

With the development of society, fonts are constantly evolving. Bronze inscriptions from Shang Dynasty to Qin Dynasty were developed on the basis of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Bronze inscriptions are the general name for bronze inscriptions. Ancient bronzes were mostly Zhong Ding, so they were also called Zhong Dingwen. Compared with Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the inscriptions on bronzes are much richer, with symmetrical size, lines and certain decorative features.

7. Big and small biography

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the warlord scuffled, which also resulted in abnormal language and writing. It was not until Qin Shihuang unified the six countries that the characters were unified into biographies.

8. Official script

Official script is also called "official character" and "ancient book". It is a font produced on the basis of seal script to meet the needs of convenient writing. The seal script is simplified, and the uniform circle lines of the seal script are changed into straight strokes, which is convenient for writing. This is a font created in prison, which is divided into "Qin Li". The appearance of Li Shu is a great change in ancient calligraphy.

Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "swallow tail of silkworm head" and "twists and turns". It originated in the Qin Dynasty and reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Calligraphy is known as "Han Li Tang Kai". It is also said that official script originated in the Warring States period.

9. Regular script

Official script further evolved into regular script, which is the font we use today. Richer and more complete than official script. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhong You made great contributions to the processing and arrangement of regular script. In the Tang Dynasty, culture was highly developed and calligraphy reached its peak. A large number of famous writers who are good at regular script have emerged, such as Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan.

10, cursive script

"Grass" means preliminary and hasty. No matter which font is scrawled, it is cursive. As a special font, it only existed in Han Dynasty. By the end of the Han Dynasty, cursive script was very popular, first in Cao Zhang, then today's cursive script, and finally developed into wild grass and grass. There are many kinds of cursive scripts, which are not suitable for beginners to learn.

1 1, run the script.

Running script is a font between regular script and cursive script, which was produced in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The real period of prosperity was the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wang Xizhi's masterpiece Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, known as the sage of books, was a running script. Because running script is more practical, writing is more convenient than regular script, and it is not as difficult to recognize as cursive script, so it is still the most commonly used font until today.

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