What is the historical background of Maya and Inca civilization?

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What is the historical background of Maya and Inca civilization?

Update 1: First of all, thank you for your support! At the same time, I also thank the two netizens for their careful answers! Because the knowledge field is not enough to choose the best answer, I decided to put the question to the vote. In order not to affect the best record, if you don't want to vote, you can choose to delete the question. Sorry for the inconvenience ~ ~ ~

zwbk/QquesShowTradex？ Qid=360622 What's the difference between Mayan civilization and Inca civilization? one

Overall comparison: Maya civilization was located in southeast Mexico, Guatemala and Yucatan Peninsula in Central and South America in ancient times. Contrary to legend, the Mayans did not disappear; Up to now, there are still 3 million Mayans living in Yucatan Peninsula, and many people can still speak Mayan. Maya never had a unified and powerful kingdom, and the whole Maya region was divided into hundreds of city-states. However, Mayan countries traditionally belong to the same cultural circle in terms of language, religion and customs. Inca civilization: The Inca Empire mainly believed in the sun god Indy and considered itself a descendant of the sun god. According to legend, the sun god sent his son and daughters Manco Capac and Ma Okyo to teach the Incas calendars and laws. June 24th every year is the most important festival of the Inca Empire-the Sun Festival. At this time, the Incas will sacrifice their crops and livestock to the sun god, thanking the sun god for bringing sunshine to the earth every year, so that animals can grow and crops can be harvested. The Aztecs in Central America and Mexico worshipped the sun god as much as the Incas. On the other hand, the Maya in Yucatan Peninsula worshipped Quetzalcoatl (but the Incas also had a god similar to Quetzalcoatl: the creator-Veracocha). The difference is that both the Mayans and the Aztecs have large-scale religious ceremonies to sacrifice the living, while the Incas do not. Incas will sacrifice their precious things, gold, or crops and livestock to the gods, but they will not sacrifice human life. Comparison between the two civilizations: Maya 1) belongs to the stone civilization, and the Maya did not invent and use bronzes, let alone ironware. 2) Mastering a high degree of building technology, the Mayans did not use copper and iron, nor did they use unicycles. Although the concept of wheel appears in artifacts such as pottery and a small toy, it is not practical in real life. But it has created a high degree of urban civilization. 3) Agriculture takes corn as its staple food, so it is also called "corn civilization". There are no cows, horses, pigs or sheep, and there are no traces of animal husbandry. Farmers adopt the very primitive Milpa farming method. 4) Mathematics adopts decimal system, and the concept of "zero" is discovered and used (the other one is taught by Olmec), and he has a high understanding of mathematics and astronomical calendar. 5) Use unique hieroglyphics: Maya Inca: 1) The Incas have their own language, but they have no writing system. The Incas used knot records instead of writing, called "chips". Gerry Ulton, an archaeologist at Harvard University in the United States, believes that "chip" is a kind of knowing text. 2) In terms of literature, the Incas have a long poem "Auspicious Thailand". The poem tells the story of the hero, Aoyitai, who fell in love with the daughter of the Inca king during the reign of PaCeacu, and proposed to the Inca king, but was stopped. Three. Comparison of Beliefs Maya gods include Creator, Rain God, Corn God, Death, Polaris God, Black God of War, War, Sudden Death, Human Sacrifice, Fengshen, Flood, Textile, Pregnancy, Moon God and Suicide Goddess. Inca God: Sun God Inti's four major agricultural contrasts: Unlike the other four major civilizations, Maya was not born in river basins, but rose in barren volcanic highlands and dense tropical rainforests. Maya mainly ate corn and beans, with relatively little meat, and did not eat wheat. The main crops are cotton, tobacco, tomatoes, cocoa and so on. Although Mayan civilization is an urban civilization, it is based on corn agriculture. Since ancient times, Mayan farmers have adopted a very primitive "Milpa" farming method: they first cut down all the trees, dried them for a period of time, set them on fire before the rainy season, and covered the barren rainforest soil with plant ash as fertilizer (slash and burn). After burning one crop at a time, fallow 1-3 years, or even as long as 6 years in some places, and then burn and replant after the vegetation grows more luxuriantly. Backward agricultural production capacity, once there is a long-term drought, civilization will become very fragile, which is one reason why scientists speculate that Mayan civilization suddenly disappeared. The Mayans also used rotation tillage, and scientists also found some similar irrigation channels. Inca civilization: According to archaeological excavations, the Inca Empire had bronze utensils and tools such as knives, sickles and axes at that time, and its smelting and casting techniques were quite exquisite. The Incas also developed agricultural irrigation systems and continuous post roads. Archaeologists generally believe that the Inca people's construction technology, medicine, weaving and dyeing technology are quite developed.

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The Mayans in cses.tcc.edu/~s04604/new_page_2 were born in 3 1 13 BC. They were ancient Indians living in Central America and disappeared mysteriously around 750 AD. Maya lived in the center of Central America, spanning Guatemala, Belize, Mexico, Honduras and El Salvador. They are centered on three isolated areas-the southern highlands of Abbas and the Guatemalan Plateau, the humid coastal plain of the Pacific Ocean and the western part of El Salvador, and the Gulf of Mexico extending to Belize and Hongdu. The main population is concentrated in the low-lying areas of Peté n Province and Yucatan in Guatemala today. /kloc-in the 6th century, when the Spanish invaded Central and South America, they burned all the ancient Mayan cultural relics and holy books preserved by the Aztecs, the successors of Mayan civilization. It also brought diseases such as smallpox and tuberculosis to the Maya, and two Catholic priests completely destroyed the Mayan civilization. The bishop of Spain at that time could not tolerate Maya's unbelief in Christianity. So collect all the sacred books in the hands of the gods and burn them all with fire. Many precious books recording Mayan civilization have since disappeared. Fortunately, there are still some rare books that have not been burned or recorded by generations. The Mayan Bible "Popol vuh" is not only a book about divination, but also refers to the prophet's prediction that the gods of the heavens have supreme wisdom and magical power to know everything in the world. They know when there will be war, death and famine, and discuss the present situation and future of mankind. Ancient civilizations recorded their symbols on the gods, allowing future generations to explore the major accidents that happened thousands of years ago through the process of theological interpretation. These secrets are hidden in the buildings, sculptures, paintings, jewels and mathematical systems that they invented with codes, preserved and passed on to future generations. Inca Civilization in jhjh.cyc.edu/student/94/304/30411in-2 Many people associate Inca civilization with Mayan culture, but in fact they are different civilizations.

Maya civilization has many advanced civilizations, even at present, human beings can't know the science and technology and mysterious information. The writing of totem is even similar to that of Egypt, while the wisdom of Inca civilization is far less than that of Maya civilization, but it also records a lot for the history of human civilization. Machu Picchu Castle embodies the harmony between man and environment and is the ultimate expression of art. It was built on a narrow ridge overlooking the turbulent Urubamba River. It is surrounded by mountains and covered under the growing jungle for hundreds of years, and it was not discovered until 19 1 1 year. The Incas believe in the supreme god and worship the sun god, which is the national religion of the Incas. The Incas regarded the Inca royal family as descendants of the sun god. Legend has it that the first king and queen of the Inca were children of the sun god, and the sun generously sent them to the world to educate the uncivilized Inca ancestors and create the later Inca civilization. Since then, Inca kings have consciously continued the practice of intermarriage between brothers and sisters in order to maintain the pure blood of the sun god. The legend is not true. The worship of the sun god really spread to the whole people during the period of PaCeacu, the ninth Inca ruler. This is the true meaning of the Inca royal family worshiping the sun god. The temple of the sun god is not only a spiritual place for people, but also a palace where the sun god lives among people. Therefore, it has another name "Sun Palace". The main god of the Sun Temple is Inti, and there is a small palace dedicated to other gods, the moon "Mamaklia". Venus "Casca"; Lightning, thunder and thunderbolt "Iliapa", "Rainbow" and "Quex". Strictly speaking, the above gods were not worshipped by the Incas, but in the late Inca society, the Incas also worshipped two other gods. One is the "Pachakamak" god, which means the god who gives the soul to the world and the universe. Indians have great respect for Pachakamak. When people need to address him, they should make a big gift: bow, shrink their shoulders, bow their heads and bend over.

Mayan civilization is a civilization distributed in five Central American countries: southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Belize. Contrary to legend, the Mayans did not disappear; There are still 7 million Mayans living in Central America, and many people can still speak the language and living habits of the Maya period. Although Maya civilization lived in the Neolithic Age, it made great achievements in astronomy, mathematics, agriculture, art and writing. Maya civilization is divided into pre-classical period, classical period and post-classical period in chronological order, and the classical period is its heyday (from the 4th century to the 9th century). Mayan civilization, Inca empire and Aztec empire are listed as the three major civilizations in America (Aztec empire and Mayan civilization are located in Central America; The Inca Empire is located in the Andes of South America. /kloc-In the 6th century, the Mayan civilization, the Inca Empire and the Aztec Empire were destroyed by the Spanish Empire. Maya never had a unified and powerful empire like Greece and Egypt, and the whole Maya region was divided into hundreds of city-states. However, Maya traditionally belonged to the same cultural circle in terms of language, writing, religious beliefs and customs. Maya civilization is introduced as follows: zh. * * */wiki/%e9% A6% AC% e9% 9b% 85% E6% 96% 87% E5% 8c% 96 Inca Empire: zh. * */wiki/%E5% 8d% B0% E5% 8a%。