Yin and Yang Family in Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.

Yin-Yang School was a popular school from the end of Warring States to the beginning of Han Dynasty. Zou Yan, a Qi native, is its representative. "Historical Records" said: "Look at the news of Yin and Yang deeply and make strange changes." Lu's Chunqiu was directly influenced by Zou Yan's theory. Generally speaking, Zou Yan's Yin-Yang thought is characterized by combining the numerology thought since ancient times with the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, and trying to further develop it in order to construct a cosmic schema and explain the causes and changing laws of natural phenomena. Yin and Yang School-Basic Introduction Yin and Yang School is an ancient school of philosophy in China. It is named after the theory of yin-yang and five elements as the central idea. Its representative figures are also called Yin-Yang Family and Five Elements Family. It is said that it was transformed from ancient astronomers and astrologers. During the Warring States Period, the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements was in full swing. Book of Rites, Moon Order and Twelve Chapters of Lu Chunqiu explain the changes of four seasons with the theory of Yin and Yang and five elements, while the school represented by Zou Yan explains the changes of dynasties with the theory of Yin and Yang and five elements. In the theory of Yin and Yang, ancient scientific knowledge and superstitious divination and witchcraft are mixed together. On the one hand, it summarizes the ancient knowledge about the change of astronomical phenomena and the growth law of crops, and explains the change of things with the rise and fall of yin and yang and five elements, which has simple dialectical thought; And compare the changes of astronomical phenomena with personnel, and publicize the idealistic concept of heaven and man induction. The influence of Yin and Yang family on later generations is also very complicated, which inspires Wang Chong and others' view of heaven and man, and is also used by Dong Zhongshu and others to demonstrate divination superstition. Many of the works of Yin and Yang have been lost, leaving only the works of various schools. Yin and Yang are the ancient people's abstractions of the two complementary opposites of the universe, and also the philosophical category of the unity of opposites and the law of thinking in the universe. China and Taisha created the word "Yin and Yang" to express the unity of opposites, that is, Laozi's "Everything is negative and holds Yang" and Yi Zhuan's "One Yin and One Yang means Tao". The Book of Changes is about the mathematics and philosophy of the changes of Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang Family-Historical Origin The concept of Yin and Yang first appeared in the Book of Changes, and the concept of "Five Elements" first appeared in the Book of History, but the appearance of the two concepts can be traced back to a longer time. In the Warring States period, Yin and Yang gradually merged with the five elements, forming a new conceptual model, that is, a world view based on the theory of "Yin and Yang news, five elements spread and change". Yin-Yang School is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period, which was named after advocating the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements and explaining social personnel. This school originated from the ruling class in charge of astronomical calendars in ancient times, and is also called "Yin-Yang and Five Elements School" or "Yin-Yang and Five Elements School". Sima Qian's "Six Classics" lists "Yin and Yang Family" as the first of the Six Classics. Yin and Yang School is one of the "Hundred Schools": Liu Xin recorded more than 100 masterpieces in Hanshu Yiwenzhi Zhuzi Lue, and was listed as one of the "Nine-stream Ten Schools". Later, the Annals of Sui Shu Classics and the Complete Book of Four Kus increased hundred schools of thought's works to thousands. The most famous schools with wide spread and great influence are only Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Legalism, famous artists, Mohists, military strategists, farmers, miscellaneous writers and novelists. There were still some Yin and Yang families in the early Han Dynasty. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone, some of its contents were integrated into the Confucian ideological system and some were absorbed by primitive Taoism. As an independent school, the family of Yin and Yang disappeared. Yin-yang family-the basic idea is that Yin and Yang coexist, and everything in the universe is the unity of opposites of Yin and Yang. The theory of Yin and Yang is based on the theory of Qi. On the basis of the theory of Qi, it is further believed that the movement changes of heaven and earth, sun and moon, day and night, mystery, fire and water, and warmth and coolness are the result of dichotomy, thus abstracting two relative concepts of Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang are abstract concepts rather than concrete things, so "Yin and Yang are famous and invisible" (the soul pivot Yin and Yang is the sun and the moon). Yin represents the characteristics of passivity, defense and weakness and the things and phenomena with these characteristics, while Yang represents the characteristics of positivity, enterprising and firmness and the things and phenomena with these characteristics. The basic content of yin-yang theory can be summarized as "opposition, mutual root, growth and decline, transformation" Shang Shu Hong Fan: Five Elements: Water, Fire, Wood, Gold and Earth. The ancients believed that everything in the universe was composed of these five basic substances. It is also a category system about the social attributes of the universe and its changing laws. The eight characters of the five elements mean operation, so there is a very important concept in the five elements, that is, the concept of variable operation, that is, mutual strength and mutual resistance. The theory of five elements does not refer to five specific substances themselves, but refers to the abstract generalization of five different attributes. It takes the correspondence between man and nature as the guiding ideology, takes five behavioral centers, five aspects of spatial structure, five seasons of time structure and five internal organs of human body structure as the basic shelves, and summarizes all kinds of things in nature according to their attributes. Anyone who has the characteristics of hair growth and softness belongs to wood; Those with the characteristics of yang heat and inflammation belong to fire; Those with long-term cultivation and development characteristics belong to soil; Those who have the characteristics of quietness and killing belong to gold; Those with the characteristics of cold, moist, falling and hiding belong to water. The life activities of the human body are linked with natural phenomena, forming a five-element structure system that links the internal and external environment of the human body to illustrate the unity of the human body and the natural environment. Yin and Yang Home-The Five Elements Theory "Shangshu Hongfan" "Five Elements: Water, Fire, Wood, Gold and Earth." The ancients believed that everything in the universe was composed of these five basic substances. It is also a category system about the social attributes of the universe and its changing laws. The eight characters of the five elements mean operation, so there is a very important concept in the five elements, that is, the concept of variable operation, that is, mutual strength and mutual resistance. The theory of five elements does not refer to five specific substances themselves, but refers to the abstract generalization of five different attributes. It takes the correspondence between man and nature as the guiding ideology, takes five behavioral centers, five aspects of spatial structure, five seasons of time structure and five internal organs of human body structure as the basic shelves, and summarizes all kinds of things in nature according to their attributes. Anyone who has the characteristics of hair growth and softness belongs to wood; Those with the characteristics of yang heat and inflammation belong to fire; Those with long-term cultivation and development characteristics belong to soil; Those who have the characteristics of quietness and killing belong to gold; Those with the characteristics of cold, moist, falling and hiding belong to water. A life activity of human body is connected with natural phenomena, forming a five-element structure system, connecting the internal and external environment of human body, which is used to explain the unity of human body, people and natural environment. Yin and Yang Family-Astronomical Calendar Calculator Sima Qian's "On the Essentials of Six Families" lists Yin and Yang Family as the first of the six families. Although the evaluation is not the highest, it is still a special expression. There is no direct data basis, but it is obvious that there is a reason. Sima's ancestral major was astronomical calendar, and Yin and Yang family was the only one who specialized in astronomical calendar in the pre-Qin period.