A brief introduction to Liu, a politician in Yuan Dynasty. Did Liu betray Kublai Khan?

The character's early experience is Liu, whose real name is Liu. He changed his name to Zi Cong because he believed in Buddhism. After he became an official, he was called Zhong Bing and Xingzhou. Liu was smart since he was a child. When he entered school at the age of eight, how many articles could he recite every day?

A hundred words. At the age of thirteen, he was taken hostage in Shuaifu, and at the age of seventeen, he was appointed as the secretariat of Xingtai to support his relatives nearby. Liu often feels unhappy about making history. One day, he lamented: My family has been an official for generations. Would I rather be a clerk? The gentleman was born at a bad time, so he had to retire to wait. He abandoned his official position and lived in seclusion in Wu 'an Mountain. A few years later, he was accepted as an apprentice by Zen master Zhao Xu of Tianning Temple. Later, I traveled around and lived in Nantang Temple. Before Yuan Shizu ascended the throne, Zen master Haiyun was called. When he walked through the clouds, he heard that Liu was very knowledgeable and invited him to go with him. After Liu arrived, he praised and asked many times. Liu read all kinds of books, especially the Book of Changes and the Classics of Song and Shao Yong. As for astronomy, geography, calendars and divination, he knows everything in the world like the back of his hand. Yuan Shizu likes him very much, so he is with him. A few years later, his father died, and when he returned home, Yuan Shizu buried him with 120 gold and sent him to Xingzhou. At the end of the funeral, he was recalled to Helin. Liu He wrote thousands of words. Yuan Shizu appreciated his words very much and adopted all these opinions. Liu went on to say: "There have been more than 10,000 accounts in Xingzhou, but it has been less than a few hundred since the founding of the army. If you send Zhang Geng, Liu Su and other good officials who are famous for their water, you will be able to restore the old days. " So the court sent Zhang Geng as the envoy of Xingzhou and Liu Su as the agreement. Soon, the refugees returned to work and Xingzhou was promoted to Shunde Prefecture.

It is suggested from the side that in three years (1253), four years and nine years, when Liu Sui conquered Dali, Yunnan and Song, he urged not to kill indiscriminately. So no one was killed in every city, and the people living there could not be counted.

In the first year of the unification of China (1260), he acceded to the throne, adopted Liu's suggestion, wrote to establish the Yuan Dynasty, and set up a province and department of Chinese books. Old court officials and mountain hermits were employed. Although Liu lives beside the emperor, he still wears old clothes. At that time, he was called "Book Series".

Imperial edict of early yuan dynasty

(1264) Academician Wang E issued a statement, saying that Liu had participated in the military before His Majesty ascended the throne and made great contributions. Now that your majesty has ascended the throne, everything has changed, but Liu is still wearing his old clothes, which makes me feel uneasy. It should be his clothes. Give it to Hou Jue. The emperor adopted Dr. Guanglu from Wei Liu, who was the official of Taibao, and participated in leading the government affairs of Zhongshu Province. He also ordered Liu's wife to be the daughter of Dou Mo, a bachelor of Hanlin, and gave Fengxian Square as Liu's residence. Liu, with outstanding military exploits, took the world as his responsibility after being ordered. He knew all about state affairs and won the trust of the emperor. Recommendation and promotion

They are all famous ministers. In the third year of Zhiyuan, Liu was ordered to design and build a new capital in the northeast of Yanjing City. The scale of the new city is huge and the project is huge. Under the auspices of Liu, Duan Zhen, it has made rapid progress. In the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial ceremony ended. In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Liu suggested in the Book of Changes that Kublai Khan renamed Mongolia "Dayuan", and Kublai Khan adopted it. This is the origin of the naming of the Yuan Dynasty. Liu also presided over the construction of Dadu and Shangdu, the capitals of the Yuan Dynasty. In the first month of the eleventh year of Zhiyuan, most of the palaces were built. Liu also worked out the official system for the emperor, attending the etiquette of the emperor, the dress and salary of officials, etc.

It was not until August of the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty that he died of illness. Liu died suddenly at the age of 59. Yuan Shizu was shocked by the news. He said to his ministers, "Zhong Bing has been loyal to me for more than 30 years. He is cautious, does not avoid difficulties and obstacles, and has nothing to hide. He is knowledgeable, but I know. " Ordered to take money from the palace and bury him in Dadu. In the twelfth year of Zhiyuan, he was given the name of Zhao Guogong and died. When he was in Yuan Chengzong, he gave a surname and died. Yuan Renzong became the King of Changshan. In the Yuan Dynasty, * * * was created as three officials, and Liu was the only one.

Literary Achievement Liu was not only a great politician in the early Yuan Dynasty, but also a well-known scholar, poet and essayist with profound knowledge. He leaves people in spring and sings songs that suit him. He wrote a lot in astronomy, divination, arithmetic and literature, including six volumes of Tibetan Springs, one volume of Tibetan Springs Ci, twenty-two volumes of Poetry, ten volumes of Anthology, four volumes of Pingsha Fish Pond and two volumes of New Mirror of Fish Pond. Some poems:

South green dried lotus leaf

Two-tone fantasia

Magnolia leisurely, looking at the dry and mighty river.

Mr. Yang Lian spent a lot of time evaluating his poems in The History of Poems of Yuan Dynasty, saying that "he was one of the representative poets in the northern poetic circles in the early Yuan Dynasty". The evaluation of Liu Wenxue's achievements is mainly based on six volumes of Tibetan Spring Collection (or Tibetan Spring Three-Person Collection and Tibetan Spring Poetry Collection), with poems and words as the unit, including 239 seven-law poems and seven poems 15 1 head. In the existing Yongle Dadian, there are still some poems by Liu. Liu Yisheng wrote a lot, but only three articles in Quan Yuan Wen (Volume 115) were seen by later generations. According to Liu Sanqu and Yuan Ci collected in the fifth volume of Tibetan Spring Collection, it can be seen that the first volume of Yangchun, the first volume of Yangchun and the first volume of Sanqu respectively contain eight poems of Xiao Ling's Dried Lotus Leaf and four poems of Moonlight Night Song. Among them, the fifth to eighth songs of "Dry Lotus Leaves" can be concluded that they were not written by Liu, so there are two groups of eight Sanqu.

Liu's ci and qu were famous in Yuan Dynasty. When people talk about Yuan Ci, without exception, they should quote the words of Tibetan Spring, the poems compiled in the Qing Dynasty, and select five Liu Ci poems (two were mistakenly collected, one was not written by Liu, and the other was written by Liu, but it was a song rather than a word). Today, Jea-won Yu's theory of ci also occupies an important position. The predecessors' research on Liu Ci has two great influences: one is Wang's Postscript of Tibetan Spring Yuefu, and the other is Hui Feng Juan San and Kuang Zhouyi's Tibetan Spring Poetry. Wang's words "magnificent without losing charm, metaphor without kitsch" set the tone for Liu's evaluation of ci style. Most of the research of later generations originated from this second language.

Historical evaluation of Wang E of the Yuan Dynasty: Gong C served Afu for a long time, accumulated years, participated in the national conspiracy and decided the national plan, and was loyal and hard-working, which was commendable.

Song Lian's History of Ming Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty: Born with loyalty, born with unique style and uninhibited ambition. ................................................................................................................................................................................. since the number of hidden springs scattered people. Every time he intones himself, his poems are scattered and idle, like a person.

Jea-won Yu made a name for himself, so Yan Fu's Preface to the Collection of Hidden Springs said that he was "hazy and ignorant, and was in favor of the rule of civilization". "As for the chapter of cutting the clouds and carving the moon, the song of Chun Xue is full of people"; Zhang Wenqian's "Gong Liu Xiang Xing" is called "both poetry and Zhang Yuefu are famous"; In Qing Dynasty, Gu's Biography of Selected Poems of Yuan Dynasty said that he "supported the ministers of Yuan Dynasty, expressed his feelings and chanted, and his writing style was extraordinary." Gu Kuiguang collected three of his poems in Selected Songs of Yuan Dynasty, and evaluated them in Brilliant Lu Ye.

Cha Hongde: Liu Shifu is good at both. ....................................................................................................................................................... ...........................'s Sanqu has no typical Yuan Sanqu style, but it is well written and has won the attention of future generations. After Yuan Haowen and Chu Cai, before Yao Sui and Liu Yin, the northern literary world was not lonely because of Liu's creation.

Liu Zu was born in Ruizhou, a family of officials in Liao Dynasty. Great-grandfather served as the envoy of the Jin Dynasty to Xing, and lived in Xing, so he studied in Xing from his grandfather Liu Zesheng. In the 15th year of Yuan Taizu (1220), Muqali captured Xingzhou, established the Marshal House, and appointed Liu Zhifu as the commander-in-chief. Later, he was appointed secretary of the state and led Julu and Neiqiu counties successively.

Grandfather: Liu Ze

Father: Liu Run.

Brother: Liu Bingshu is Liu Tong's half-brother.

Wife: the daughter of Dou Mo, a bachelor of Hanlin.

Heir: Liu. Liu married late, had no children, only one daughter, and adopted Liu Bingshu's son as his heir.

Grandsons: Liu Zhizi, Liu Biao.

Nephews: Liu Youzhi, Liu Youliang, Liu Youwen and Liu Youyi, all sons of his brother Liu Bingshu.

Grandnephew: Liu Shaozu

There are two brick pagodas in Daqingshou Temple, one with seven grades and the other with nine grades. Nine-grade brick tower is the tomb tower of Master Liu, a strange monk who was the founding hero of the Yuan Dynasty, and there are still praises inscribed by Liu in the temple.

Liu's tomb in Lugouqiao Cemetery is not far north of Lugouqiao. After Yao came to Beiping, he went to pay his respects twice and wrote such a poem: "Good horses are in the same group, but people are mixed; Never meet a bosom friend, never complain for life ... once the wind and cloud meet, you and your subjects are your bosom friends; The plan has been completed and the name of honor is simple. "

Yao Chunri, the site of Liu's tomb, paid a visit to Liu Taibao's tomb and wrote poems praising Liu.

When Fang acceded to the throne to hide the spring, the soldiers were rewarded with loose shields.

In the dark plain, the stone beast sleeps, and in the rain, the mountain god cries.

The article of the remnant tablet is old, and the surname of different generations is new.

China showed no old grievances, and a few guests were in tears.

Liu was in the tomb of Xingtai cemetery, and then moved back to his hometown Xingtai from Beijing. Liu Tomb is located in Jia Cun, qiaoxi district, Xingtai City. It was originally well-preserved and large-scale, and it is one of the three ancient tombs in Xingtai. Now it has been completely destroyed by Xingtai people, the stone man and the horse have been smashed, and the grave has been dug up, leaving only the remains.