Who can briefly talk about the rise and fall of the elephant-male dynasty in Tibet?

Brother Xiang established a relationship with the Tang Dynasty before Tubo. In December of the fifth year of Zhenguan, Xiang Xiong paid tribute to the Tang Dynasty. In fifteen years, he heard that China's dignity was prosperous, so he paid tribute. Taizong's family came from afar and answered politely. At that time, Xiangxiong was the oldest big country on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau before the establishment of the Tubo Dynasty, with a developed culture and a large population.

In the era of Songzan Gambu in Tubo Dynasty, Songzan Gambu married his sister Saimaga to Xiangxiong, and Songzan Gambu married Xiangxiong's princess Te Li. Tubo formed an alliance with Brother Xiang to achieve the goal of non-aggression.

In 644 AD, Samaga, the sister of Songtsan Gambu, was snubbed by the elephant king. This shows that Xiang Xiong is stronger than Tubo and has contempt for the Tubo royal family. At that time, Samaga, who was left out in the cold, sent a turquoise headscarf to Brother Songzan Gambu, meaning that if Brother can conquer Xiangxiong, he can lead troops. The headdress is turquoise, showing a man's courage; If you are afraid of elephants, wear a headscarf to show weakness. Encouraged by Wang Mei, Songtsan Gambu sent troops to attack Xiangxiong. In the same year, Tubo sent troops to kill Xiang Xiong Fish Wong, and Xiang Xiong's tribes were taken over by Tubo and listed as self-protection. At this point, Songzan Gambu unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In 653 AD, Tubo and Bujinzan praised them. Ma was as poor as a church mouse, and was allowed to collect taxes from Xiang Xiong's department as his "shore base".

After 677 AD, Xiang Xiong's disobedience was impermanent, and it was not until the middle of the 8th century, during the Chisong Dêzain period, that he was completely eliminated. It is said that Chisong Dêzain attacked Brother Xiang very hard, so he used many means. At that time, Xiang * * * had three concubines, and the youngest was named Rufeilang, who was eighteen years old. The Tubo envoy Lalang Laizhu brought a wild horn placer gold to Lang Zhun, saying, "Lang Zhun came to see you and others. You are just like the youngest concubine of the king, and you should be the princess and queen. The Tubo king is not convinced. Is there any way you can fix it? If that's the case, you can be the princess of the Tubo king after the job is done, and the Tubo king will definitely give you two-thirds of the land under his jurisdiction as a reward. " Lang Zhun came to answer, "Wang Xiong is heavily armed, and it is inevitable that there will be only one liter of soldiers. If you attack it face to face, it will be impossible, only to take it skillfully. " Then he said, "After five and a half months, Brother Xiang took all the members of the royal family to the cattle department in Subi Xue Jing, waiting to kill him on the road. Everything should be borne by me. " According to Lang Zhun's plan, the Tibetan army ambushed between Seqiong and Dongqiong (that is, Sepu and Tongpu in Lacang today). When the two kings met, the Tubo soldiers suddenly attacked and killed the elephant king. Tubo defeated hundreds of thousands of elephants with 10 thousand soldiers, which is famous for winning more with less. Since then, Xiang Xiong has never rebelled and completely surrendered to Tubo.

In 846 AD, Tibetan Wang Lang Dama banned Buddhism, was assassinated by Buddhists, and Tubo split. In 65438+ 1920, Ban Kauzan, a descendant of the Tubo royal family, was killed by the slave rebels. His son Nimakun led 100 people to flee to the west to control his land and changed his name to Ali. At this point, a generation of ancient civilization-Xiangxiong Dynasty completely disappeared on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

For the decline of Xiangxiong civilization, some people think there are the following reasons: 1. Xiangxiong kingdom is a tribal alliance in the era of clan system, and it has not formed a real political unity; 2. Based on nomadic economy, Xiangxiong Kingdom is difficult to resist major natural disasters, to unite and maintain tribal alliances for a long time, and to establish a unified kingship country; 3. Influenced by the political culture of Central Asia, in 33 1 year BC, Alexander won the crusade, Zoroaster suffered a heavy blow and declined, and the influence of Persian culture, the source of Bonism, weakened; 4. The depression of the Silk Road made Xiang Xiong lose the advantage of the intersection of civilizations, and the source of Xiang Xiong's civilization almost dried up; 5. The decline of Bonism shook the spiritual pillar of Xiangxiong's ruling kingdom, weakened the strength of Xiangxiong's kingdom, and created a good opportunity for the powerful Supi and Tubo to conquer and annex.