Oracle Bone Inscriptions Analysis (I)

We are talking about Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and Oracle bones are tortoise shells and animal bones, so there is also a kind of writing called inscriptions on bronze. There are also bamboo slips, bamboo slips and wooden slips, all of which are named after materials bearing characters. Of course, Oracle Bone Inscriptions can also be called Wen Qi, Qike, Buwen, Yin and Shang scripts, and there are many names.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions was discovered in Wang 1899, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions was found in 1899. Of course, Oracle Bone Inscriptions was discovered long ago and used as the Oracle bone and keel of traditional Chinese medicine. However, the determination of characters is considered to be the earliest age of Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the earliest systematic writing in China, which may have more than 5,000 kinds in total, but it is an ancient writing after all, with a period of development and evolution in the middle. When we found it, we pushed it forward and began to study it. There are more than 1 100 people who can understand it, but most of them have been abandoned or have evolved and replaced by other fonts.

So today we should dig a little bit from the understanding and reading of the text and its meaning, but not too deep. Too deep is beyond my personal energy and knowledge, and there may be more differences. Let's take it as a convention. At this level, everyone is relatively recognized. The importance of this kind of writing is extremely important to every nation, every civilization and every culture. It is the core of culture.

Everyone is talking about culture. Now there may be100000 Chinese characters. You only read 35,000 words and then you're talking about culture. Especially as a leader, it is very troublesome. Therefore, Chinese characters are a symbol of civilization, and literacy is particularly important. So this Oracle Bone Inscriptions has its original meaning, and we can easily find its original meaning in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. If we can't find its extended meaning, it will have a different meaning for us to read ancient Chinese.

Because we can understand ancient Chinese clearly or correctly only by using extended meaning in the later period, many people can't understand it, and it is wrong to read it and interpret it. If there is an opportunity in the future, let's use philology to solve the problem of ambiguity in ancient Chinese.

The first Oracle Bone Inscriptions I want to tell you today is "An", which means peace of mind. It is a comfortable, comfortable and comfortable state. This is the original meaning of the word. Therefore, in the expression of Oracle bones, the first picture you see, "An", is a house and a treasure hijab. "Mi" is pronounced as "Mian", which is the shape and pictograph of a house, kneeling in the house like a human figure with hands crossed and kneeling. That's a female word.

The word "female" is very vivid. You can imagine kneeling with your hands crossed. Why do you say you are kneeling? Kneeling is not running standing, but a comfortable state, that is, sitting there leisurely. It is definitely not this state, but a state of running and playing. Before the Tang Dynasty, there were no high tables and chairs. Everyone must kneel on the mat, with their hips on their heels and their hands crossed on their chests or stomachs.

In ancient times, people with high status generally sat on mats, while people with lower status generally sat on mats for two or three people. So there is a word called "a place" and there is a place for him. In this platform, there is his position or his chair in this circle, and later it is called the number one. Let's talk about the number one in the future.

Then the following is the big seal, bronze inscription, because it is cast, so it looks relatively simple, and the small seal looks sparse. Here are some pictures of official script, regular script, running script and cursive script.

We can intuitively see its development and evolution. Of course, regular script may be produced later, or it follows the convention of "cursive script". However, we should know that cursive script and official script came into being together. There is a cursive script called "Cao Zhang", which came into being not later than official script. Running script and regular script came into being almost at the same time, so regular script is relatively mature at the latest, which involves a calligraphy foundation. Let's be clear about this, shall we? It's just that the concept of what is the basis of calligraphy is not clear, so I'll talk about it later.

Let's take a look at this courseware I wrote. Let's have a look. The female in "An" can turn left or right, which is its uncertainty.

It can mean "leisure and comfort", which is in divination. It can also appear as a place name and sometimes as a person's name.

This research on the place names of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is relatively weak now, and its historical stage is far from us now. There is a lot of research space in this field, and anyone who is interested can work hard on the study of place names in Shang Dynasty.

Then I wrote you some oracles. Let's have a look. Then as a place name, "Ren Xubu, Town: Wang Qitian died." Then let's interpret it. It doesn't matter if you don't know these things, because every time you speak, you will soon get familiar with these commonly used Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The first word is "Ren", like "1" and "Gong". We will talk about "Ren Xu" later. Then divination is the "divination" of radish, divination.

? "No" is interesting. It represents some laws of Chinese character creation. It is tangible, phonological and intentional. Let's talk about this divination first. Divination is to burn Oracle Bone Inscriptions after drilling. Poof, the split line is divined like this, and then there is a sound. Poof, this is its voice, indicating the combination of divination and form, sound and meaning. Is this "true" the same as "no"? Call it a real person. This real person is called a fortune teller. Under normal circumstances, so-and-so Zhen adds a personal name in front of Zhen, but now the name is omitted, no matter who Zhen Bu is.

This "Tianan" and "Wang", like a graupel, is a big axe, which is becoming more and more abstract. In the future, we will talk about "Wang Qi Tianan" as a dustpan, which must be based on the shape, and it is a borrowed sound. Needless to say, "Tian" is a hieroglyph. Ann, Tianan, Tianan, you can probably know what it means. Death is meaningless. If there is nothing, it means asking, is there anything? I am asking.

The whole sentence is, Ren Xu divines, Wang Tian, Tian Zaian, "An Tian" as a place name, that is, whether Tian Zaian has a disaster or not, whether there is a water situation, let it divine and ask for help.

Another kind of divination is "Gui You divination" or "time divination" and "truth". This "truth" is a struggle between two small hands for something, and "truth" is the name of a fortune teller and a struggle for divination. If you want to impress everyone, you can investigate which period this dispute is about, whether it is the Wuding period or the ancestor period, and you will know that this divination probably belongs to a certain period, whose and which king.

"If you have cloth, you will fight for your virginity, and your stomach will be uneasy and your death will be prolonged." The king's abdomen, his abdomen, the right side, is like a person's abdomen, uneasy. "Wu" still doesn't mean anything. The last word is Oracle Bone Inscriptions, an extension of extension. Then it's interesting to say. Guiyouka, this man named Zheng divined that the king had an upset stomach. Will it continue?

Say so much or to let everyone know this "Ann"? Ann means comfort, which can be used as place names and names, and the rest as understanding names. Step by step, the words are clear.

I'll give you an "eight", which is relatively simple and the font is simple. This "eight" is two opposite symbols, representing separation. The word "fen" is the "knife" under "eight", which is also a point, and "fen" is also a point, but "fen" is more definitely a division, in fact "

Then the word "eight, don't also" was said in the article. I like the relative shape. "This Xu Shen is right. I finally named one. ..

"Eight" sometimes appears as a number. Counting the words "eight dogs, eight cows and eight sheep", it is eight dogs, eight dogs, eight cows and eight sheep. There are few quantifiers in the Oracle bones of Yin and Shang Dynasties, and the numbers are directly used to connect names.

Everyone looks at the same thing. I wrote it by hand.

Later, as a numeral, "ba" was a loan word. As I said just now, it is meant to be apart. It is used as a numeral, and the ordinal number is a loan word.

Look at Oracle Bone Inscriptions I wrote for you: "Ba Niu" is the third line, "Ba Niu", Ba Niu, that "Niu" is like a cow, with horns, ears and eight cows.

And "August", which is the eighth month. This is an ordinal number.

There are still eighty, which is the last line. In August, an eight below, a vertical above and a vertical above are Oracle Bone Inscriptions's "ten". Now we can remember as much as we can and understand as much as we can. One vertical is ten, eighty, not eighteen, from one to ten. This is what we will talk about later. Who is above, who is below, who is on the left and who is on the right, which is very troublesome. Then Oracle Bone Inscriptions's ten is a vertical. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's "seven" is like ten, and the "seven" is horizontal and vertical. "Ten" is a vertical, so let's talk about it later.

Today we read "An" and "Ba". "Ann" means that there is a woman in a house, which means that it is very comfortable. This is its original intention. "Eight" is just a slap, because it is not easy to carve, and some corners may be carved. "Eight" has different shapes. These are the two words we talked about in the first class today. You can write about it if you are interested. Of course, you can write with a brush or other pens. Writing helps to remember, and the more you write, the more interesting it is.

There must be a legacy, because many bone fragments were found for practice, many of which were carved after writing and some were directly carved.

There is a learning and a teaching, which will definitely be mentioned in the future. It will definitely not be so clear, but there must be teachers to take care of students.

The second question is yes. This aesthetic is unconscious at first, and then conscious. There must be some rules on the font, but the requirements may be looser at that time. Including radicals, the number of radicals and the positions of upper and lower radicals. Many of them are not too fixed.