Is the ancient Xia Dynasty real or a myth?

Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Yao Shunyu's biography. Xia and Shang Dynasties, Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty are divided into two parts. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period unified Qin and Han Dynasties. Wei Shuwu was divided into three parts, and the rulers extended back and forth. The Northern and Southern Dynasties coexisted, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed on. After Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial dynasty ended here. -"Song of the Dynasty"

In the eyes of everyone in China, China's dynasty began in the summer and ended in the Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 4,000 years and witnessed the long and splendid ancient civilization of China. However, China's dynasty was not recognized by the international community. For a long time, the international mainstream view holds that China's dynastic history only started from the Zhou Dynasty, and the former commercial city of Xia did not exist.

The reason for saying this is that a period of history, especially the history of a dynasty, must be supported by a large number of historical facts. This historical fact does not refer to China's documentary records, such as Historical Records of the Next Century, Li Ji's Western Land, etc., but there must be definite related sites and unearthed cultural relics.

The Shang Dynasty was later recognized not only because the lineage of Shang Dynasty recorded in Yin Benji was very clear, but also because a large number of Oracle Bone Inscriptions engraved with Yin were unearthed, and not only because of the ruins of Yin ruins, but also because the divination content unearthed in Oracle Bone Inscriptions can correspond to the generations recorded in Yin Benji. We can learn about the administrative system of Shang Dynasty and its relationship with surrounding areas through these ruins or words.

However, this was not the case in the Xia Dynasty. Not only western scholars question the existence of the Xia Dynasty, but also many historians and archaeologists in China think that the Xia Dynasty does not really exist, such as the famous historian Guo Moruo and the famous scholar Hu Shi.

We usually take Erlitou site and Erlitou culture as evidence of the sites and culture in the Xia Dynasty, but according to the time calculation, the age of Erlitou site is about 3800 ~ 3500 BC, that is, 1800 ~ 1500 BC. According to the period determined by Shang dynasty, that time belongs to the end of summer at most.

In 2 16, Nature, one of the most authoritative magazines in the United States, published an article, the main purpose of which was to prove that there was indeed a big flood in the Yellow River area in BC 1920, so it could be comparable to Dayu's flood control, and it was inferred that this general situation did exist in the Xia Dynasty. However, the problem is that the earliest period of Erlitou cultural site is 1800 BC, which is still far from now, which is one or two hundred years different from the time of Dayu's flood control, so this speculation is not particularly rigorous.

It is estimated that the existence of summer recorded in history books is the existence of summer. No matter what others say, we just know the existence of Xia Dynasty. Why do our domestic archaeologists and historians look at the Xia Dynasty with suspicion?

Because the records about the pre-Qin period are basically written by later generations, for example, Shangshu can be regarded as the earliest batch of ancient books, all written by the Zhou Dynasty. If we can't accurately judge Xia and Shang Dynasties, it will shake the whole historical system of China. And to be honest, among the cultural relics unearthed from Erlitou culture, it is still impossible to determine which ones really belong to Xia.

There are different opinions about whether the Xia Dynasty existed or whether to explore the archaeological ideas of the Xia Dynasty's monuments from a doubtful point of view. Changcheng Wang, an associate professor at guizhou minzu university Media College, put forward a new viewpoint. He believes that the Xia Dynasty does exist, but we have been unable to accurately judge the cultural relics of the Xia Dynasty, because the ruins of the Xia Dynasty are not in China at all.

Where is that? Harappa civilization in Punjab, Pakistan, belongs to indus valley civilization, which is earlier than ancient Egyptian civilization and Mesopotamian civilization (Babylon). But both netizens and academics basically laughed at this statement, because if Xia Dynasty was not in China,