What was the reason for Xiang Yu's defeat in the Battle of Gaixia?

The Battle of Gaixia is an important battle in the history of China. After the demise of the Qin dynasty, unrest occurred again in various places. The rise of the overlord in the Western Chu Dynasty and Liu Bang in the Western Han Dynasty became the key figures in this battle. This is the last battle in the hegemony of Chu and Han, and it is also a very wonderful large-scale pursuit war in history. Liu Bang finally won the Battle of Gaixia and established the Western Han Dynasty. What is the reason why Xiang Yu failed in the battle of Gaixia?

Introduction to the Battle of Gaixia:

/b 8 12 c8 fc C3 CEC 3 FD 7 a 80 a 8 BD DD 88d 43 f 869427 BF？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 In August 2003 BC, they were deprived of food for the Chu army and the Han army in Guangwu. Liu Bang failed to mobilize the troops of Han Xin, Peng Yue and others, and finally failed to camp the Chu army. As a result, the two sides conducted a famous "gap and negotiation" in history, dividing the world by the canal built by Wei during the Warring States Period. In September, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, led ten Wan Chu armies to detour south road and retreat in the direction of Guling. Liu bang also wants to go back to the west. However, just as Liu Bang was preparing to lead the army to the west, Sean and Chen Ping suggested tearing up the gap and discussing it. When Chu Jun was exhausted and came back from the east, he attacked from behind. Zhang He and others thought: "The Han Dynasty had half the world, and all the princes attached it. Chu soldiers stop eating, and this day will be the death of Chu. It is suggested that "it is better to take it because of its opportunity." "

/9345d 688d 43 f 87942 f 4 147 e6d 9 1 b0ef 4 1 ad 53 abf？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 Liu Bang then adopted their suggestions, and suddenly launched a strategic pursuit action against the Chu army. When the army chased Xia Nan, Liu Bang gathered Han Xin and Peng Yue to the south, and * * * joined the Chu army through the camp. Because Han Xin and Peng Yue didn't send troops to attack the Chu army as promised, Liu Bang was defeated by Xiang Yu in Guling. Liu bang hurriedly led the army to retreat into Chen Xia, built a fortress to hold on, and the Chu army surrounded Liu bang again. Liu Bang, who stuck to the pass, asked Sean: "What can a vassal do if he doesn't keep his promise?" Sean replied: "The more the Chu soldiers are broken, the less land will be divided, which is inappropriate." Kings can work with the world, and now they can make a difference. I just can't. It's unclear. The king can dedicate himself to Han Xin from Fuhai east of Chen; North of Suiyang to Gucheng, in order to fight with: If we fight each other, Chu will be easily defeated. "

/AC 6 eddc 45 1da 8 1 cbad 588 c 055966d 0 1608243 1bf？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 Therefore, Liu Bang adopted Sean's opinion and sealed a large territory from Chendong to the seaside to Han Xin, the king of Qi. North of Suiyang to Gucheng was awarded to Peng Yue. In this way, Liu Bang finally got the touch of Han and Peng with fiefs, so that they all invaded the south. At the same time, Liu Jia led an army to unite with Ying Bu from Huaibei, and the Fifth Route Army * * * launched the final camp of Xiang Yu. The battle of Gaixia has begun.

The process of the Battle of Gaixia:

/0b 55b 3 19 ebc 4b 745 FB fcb 8 dec 4 fc 1e 178 b 82 1589？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 BC 2021in late October, Guan Ying led his troops into Pengcheng and captured many areas of Chu. Ying Bu, who was named King of Huainan by Liu Bang, also sent troops into Jiujiang to lure the Shoujiang and Zhou Yin, the Chu government, and then joined forces to attack his father in the north. Liu Bang also moved eastward from Guling, and the situation was extremely unfavorable to Chu, so Xiang Yu was forced to retreat to the southeast. 1 1 month, Xiang Yu retreated to Gaixia, set up camp to rectify and restore his military strength. At this time, there are still about 100,000 Chujun. After Han Xin, Peng Yue and Ying Bu joined Liu Bang, the ten Wan Chu armies that retreated to the south of the Yangtze River in December were surrounded by layers.

The Han army is led by Han Xin with 300,000 people as the main force, General Kong as the left wing, General Fei as the right wing, Liu Bang in the rear, and Chai Wu and other reserves are on standby behind Liu Bangjun. Han Xin personally led the Han army to attack, and suffered setbacks in the first battle. When the Chu army was ready to pursue, the left and right wings of the Han army attacked the Chu army in a roundabout way, and the two armies were deadlocked. At this time, Han Xin led the army to turn over and fight again, and all three strikes of Chujun were defeated. Xiang Yu was forced to return to Gaixiacheng.

/6a 600 c 338744 ebf 8 1 c 8 c 6 BF 7 D2 F9 d 72 a 6 159 a77c？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85 Han army sang Chu songs at night. Chu army thought from Xiang Yu that Han had done his best, but his morale collapsed. Seeing that the tide was gone, Xiang Yu led 800 elite cavalry to break through and fled south by night. After dawn, the Han army learned that Xiang Yu had broken through and sent five thousand cavalry to pursue him. After Xiang Yu crossed the Huaihe River, there were only a hundred riders, and his trip to Yanling was delayed by getting lost. Chased by the Han army, Xiang Yu suddenly arrived in Dongcheng, leaving only 28 riders.

Xiang Yu commanded 28 riders, rushed back and forth, fought his way out again, and rushed south to Wujiang River. Feeling ashamed to see the elders in Jiangdong, he ordered all the riders to dismount and fight the Han soldiers with short weapons. Xiang Yu killed hundreds of Han soldiers by himself, and was wounded by more than a dozen people himself. Finally, he committed suicide at the age of 365,438+0. After Xiang Yu's death, the Han army wiped out the Eighth Wan Chu Army, and Chu surrendered to Han, but the Lu people who left Xiang Yu intact refused to surrender. Later, Liu Bang showed Xiang Yu's head to Lu, and Lu surrendered. So far, the Chu-Han War, which lasted for four and a half years, ended with Liu Bang's victory. In February 202 BC, China, Japan and Japan, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor on the north bank of Surabaya and established the Western Han regime.

Reasons for the failure of Xiang Yu's Gaixia War;

/d 043 ad 4 BD 1 1373 f 02 b 8 16057 af 0 f 4 BF faed 04 BF？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 85 1。 Situation.

First, "it is difficult to settle down." The land of the Western Chu State, which is located in the north of the Yangtze River, has all fallen, and the main force of the Chu army led by Xiang Yu has become a brigade alone. At this time, Gaixia was far away from the five counties in Jiangdong, helpless, with no way to escape, and it was difficult to find a place to live; The second is "life is hard". The food and grass of the Chu army was destroyed by the Han army and has been short of food for several months. The soldiers are starving, and food and clothing is a big problem. This is a life-and-death test, let alone a fight. Such a simple life is also a serious problem.

2. Top design

The local coach of Chu Group is Xiang Yu, and the executive coach is him. This one has no choice, because he is the god of war, and the Chu army is all around him, and no one can replace him. It can be said that Xiang Yu won the title of head coach in the end, which is indeed a "spirit of war" with responsibility, responsibility and obligation. The coach of Dahan Group is Liu Bang, but the executive coach is Han Xin. In the final Armageddon between Chu and Han, he was willing to be a green leaf, actively retired to the "second line" and became an "honorary coach" for two reasons. First, he knows his military talents, and he can't even control the melee of hundreds of thousands of people, let alone defeat the powerful and capable Xiang Yu; Second, he knows Han Xin's military ability, he can direct the Hundred Regiments War in Genesis, and he can make history by his own strength and ability. It can be said that Liu Bang's change of hands at the cold feet is indeed "one of the gods", with wisdom, courage, courage and determination.

3. Military strength

Dahan Group has a total strength of more than 500,000, including Liu Bang10,000, Han Xin 300,000, Peng Yue 50,000 and Ying Bu 50,000. The main counselors are Sean and Chen Ping. The main awards are about Ying, Zhou Bo, Fan Kuai, Cao Can and Xia Houying. Ying Bu, Liu Jia, Jin Hao, Li Shang, Kong, Michael Chen, Wang Ling. The total strength of Xichu Group: more than 100,000 people, without consultants. The main awards are Zhong Limei, Ji Bu, Xiang Sheng, Xiangguan and Xiang Han.

Step 4: Strategy

Dahan Group's tactics are to ambush on all sides and deploy five armies. The first road: Lu Qianjun, commander in chief: Han Xin, with 300,000 troops; The second way: the left army, commander in chief: Kong, with tens of thousands of troops; The third way: the right army, commander in chief: Michael Chen, strength: tens of thousands; The Fourth Route Army: the Middle Route Army, commander-in-chief: Liu Bang, strength:100000; Fifth Route Army: Rear Route Army, with commander-in-chief Zhou Bo and tens of thousands of troops. The local tactic of Chu Group is to attack in a straight line and arrange an array of fighters. There is no specific arrangement, that is, which one to call.

/5 bafa 40 f 4 BF BF bed 05 e 739 b 773 f 0 f 736 AEC 3 1 fbf？ X-BCE-process = image/resize，m _ lfit，w _ 450，h _ 600，limit _ 1/quality，q _ 855。 Comprehensive comparison.

Through the comparison of the above points, Xiang Yu's army has almost no chance of winning, but the Chu army is not as weak as expected, and its fighting capacity is not even as good as that of the Han army, mainly because hundreds of Chu troops are the main force built by Xiang Yu, the elite teacher who has experienced great storms, and the existence of overlord Xiang Yu, the god of war, has given them the greatest confidence. After all, the Han army is a temporary combination of the five armies, and they need to run in their respective training and military accomplishment. From this point of view, the advantages and disadvantages of the two armies are not as obvious as they seem. What plays a decisive role in the decisive battle is not the number of troops, not the strength of combat effectiveness, but the deployment of tactics and strategies.

The significance of the Battle of Gaixia:

/aa 64034 f 78 f 0 f 736 1d 4043 c 90 155b 3 19 EAC 4 13bf？ X-BCE-process = image/resize, m _ lfit, w _ 450, h _ 600, limit _ 1/quality, q _ 85, the Han army launched a strategic pursuit in a timely manner, actively mobilized reinforcements, besieged in many ways, and annihilated the Chu army with absolute superiority, creating. The Battle of Gaixia was a decisive battle in the struggle between Chu and Han. It is not only the end of the Chu-Han struggle, but also the starting point of the prosperity of the Han Dynasty. This is also a landmark turning point in the history of China. It ended the melee at the end of the Qin Dynasty, unified China and laid the foundation for 400 years of the Han Dynasty.