Who are the thirteen most famous prime ministers in the history of China?

Even the name of the prime minister began with Han Feizi's outstanding learning-"Therefore, the prime minister must start from the state department, and the valiant soldier will be sent away." In history, only Liao took the prime minister as the official name, and all other dynasties had other official names. The scope of its jurisdiction is also different, and the ways of exercising its functions and powers are also different.

The prime minister in Qin and Han dynasties refers to the prime minister or prime minister, and the suggestion is the deputy. Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty changed the prime minister to Da Situ. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Da Situ, Qiu were appointed as the three public officials, and * * * was in charge of political affairs and prepared as the prime minister. However, the real power was moved to Shangshutai, whose chief executive praised him and always led Ji Gang. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Zhong You and Zhong Shuling were prime ministers, while Guo Xiang and the prime minister became gifts of officials or were usurped by powerful ministers. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the prime minister was the person who the emperor talked about political affairs or entrusted secrets. The official names are Zhong Shujian, Zhong Shuling, Shi Zhong, Shangshuling, Servant Shooting or General, and the most powerful is the video Shangshuling. The Sui Dynasty appointed the literary and historical orders of the governors of three provinces, Yan Na of Xiamen Province and Shangshu Order of Shangshu Province as prime ministers. In the Tang Dynasty, the province of internal history was changed to the province of Chinese books, and the order of internal history was the order of Chinese books, supplemented by the word Yan Na, and the province of Shangshu was the left and right servants. The governors of the three provinces have three powers: ordering, criticizing and executing, and are the highest central institutions. After Emperor Taizong, he sent other officials to participate in government affairs discussions and became the actual prime minister.

Ming and Qing dynasties like to address important positions by ancient official names, so they often call cabinet college students or military ministers as phase. In fact, it is obvious that after Hongwu abolished the prime minister for thirteen years, he no longer set up a phase. Generally speaking, due to the strengthening of the centralization of monarchy, the power of the prime minister has decreased.

1. Set a precedent and become a leader-Guan Zhong, the first prime minister of China

Guan zhong's real name is also mine, and the word zhong is also called Guan. Zhou Wang was born in Yingshang (by the Shui Ying River) and was born with his surname. Outstanding politicians, famous military strategists and military reformers in the Spring and Autumn Period helped Qi Huangong become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Guan Zhong carried out a series of reforms. He emphasized that "the granary knows etiquette, and food and clothing know honor and disgrace". Rectify administrative divisions and institutions. On the military side, Guan Zhong thinks that soldiers are not good enough, and emphasizes that soldiers should be brought into agriculture and the administrative Baojia system should be closely integrated with military organizations. With the help of Guan Zhong, Qi Huangong presided over three armed alliances and six peace alliances, and also assisted the royal family once. He was known as the "Nine Princes, Conquering the World" and became a recognized overlord. Guan Zhong made an immortal contribution to the creation of hegemony. Because of his outstanding achievements, he was named Guan Zhong by Huan Gong.

2. man of great talent is as deep as the sea-Li Si (? -208 years ago)

Before the unification of Qin Dynasty, due to the long-term separatist regime of vassal states, there was a situation of abnormal language and writing. Qin Shihuang always wanted to have a standard font to replace the popular variant characters, so Lisi deleted and simplified the big seal font and compiled a set of characters with simple strokes and neat fonts, called Qin Zhuan. After reading these new books, Qin Shihuang was very satisfied, so he set them as standard fonts and ordered them to be used nationwide.

One year before his death, Qin Shihuang went to Huiji (now Shaoxing) in the East to worship Dayu's tomb, climbed Tianzhu Peak (later called Qinwangshan), overlooking the tidal bore in the East China Sea, and ordered Prime Minister Li Si to write an inscription in calligraphy. The day after Reese was ordered to finish writing overnight, he picked a stone carving on the ridge and stood at the top of Mount Emei (later called carved stone mountain) in Huiji. This is the famous Huiji stone carving in history.

3. Xiao He, the vassal who paid tribute to the later generations after the crown, was the founding star of the Western Han Dynasty (? ~ former 193)

Prime minister in early Han dynasty. Posthumous title's "Wen Hou" is the first in three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty.

During the Chu-Han War, he stayed in Guanzhong to wait on the prince. Constrained by laws and regulations, Guanzhong became the consolidated rear area of the Han army, and constantly paid soldiers to support the battle, which played an important role in Liu Bang's victory over Xiang Yu and the establishment of the Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, he was awarded the highest honor. Adopting Qin law and emphasizing the legislative system are nine chapters. He also helped Gaozu eliminate Han Xin, Ying Bu and other princes with different surnames, and was worshipped as the Prime Minister. After the death of Gaozu, he assisted Hui Di. Hui Di died two years later.

4, resourceful and fickle, no less than three outstanding figures-Chen Ping (? ~ BC 178)

Chen Ping once worked under Xiang Yu, but he was not taken seriously. Later, he defected to Liu Bang. Chen Ping's "six tricks" made great contributions to Liu Bang's capture of the world. The six strategies summarized in his historical records are as follows: first, bribing the other generals and implementing double espionage; Second, intentional abuse, alienating Xiang Yu and Fan Zeng; Third, send women out of the city to solve the siege of Xingyang; Fourth, kick Liu Bang and make Han Xin king of Qi; Fifth, the false line to capture Han Xin. Chen Ping finally died of illness and natural death.

5. Die hard before you die-Zhuge Liang, a famous soldier in Shu and Han Dynasties (A.D. 18 1-234)

Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage, and Zhuge Liang proposed to Liu Bei to occupy Jingzhou and Yizhou (now most of Sichuan and part of Hubei), seek the support of all ethnic groups in southwest China, unite with Sun Wu, resist Cao Wei, and then unify the world. This is the famous "Longzhong Dui". Later, according to Zhuge Liang's strategy, Liu Bei joined forces with Sun to attack Cao, won the victory of Battle of Red Cliffs and occupied Jing and Yi. After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei to establish Shu as emperor and was appointed as prime minister. After Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan acceded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang' was assisted by the testamentary edict', sealed the marquis of Wuxiang, led Yizhou animal husbandry and presided over military affairs. During his reign, he made great efforts to govern, strictly rewarded and punished, suppressed the strongmen, appointed people on their merits, promoted the policy of farming, improved ethnic relations, and attacked Wei from Qishan in the east in an effort to recover the Central Plains. In the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234), he fought with Wei general Sima Yi in Weinan, died in Wuzhangyuan (now southwest of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province) and was buried in Dingjun Mountain (now southeast of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province). Fifty-four Shi Zhongwu. Zhuge Liang was cautious all his life, and he was' skillful in thinking'. He invented the crossbow, which can shoot ten arrows at the same time. The manufactured' wooden ox and flowing horse' is beneficial to mountain transportation. His works include Zhuge Liang Collection.

6. What's going on in the world tells the truth and decides what to do-Fang (579-648), a famous figure in the early Tang Dynasty.

Early years of Tang Dynasty. Name Joe, word Ling Xuan, line with the word.

In the ninth year of Tang Wude (626), he participated in planning the change of Xuanwu Gate, and won the first prize together with Du Ruhui, Wuji and Hehou. Li Shimin acceded to the throne (that is, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin), and Ling Xuan was appointed as the secretariat. In February of the third year of Zhenguan (629), he was the left servant of Shangshu. In the eleventh year, Liang Guogong was sealed. In July of 16th year, he was still in charge of state affairs. Seventeen years, with Sun Chang Wuji and other 24 people in Lingyange. When Li Zhi, the king of Jin, was a prince, he was a teacher of the prince. Emperor Taizong stayed in the capital when he levied in Korea. Died in 22 years.

7. Wei Zhi (580-643), a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty, was a permanent courtier of the Wagang Army Division.

Wei Zhi was born in Guantao (now Hebei). After the change of Xuanwu Gate, Li Shimin, who had long valued his courage, not only didn't blame him, but appointed him as an admonition officer, often introducing the imperial palace to inquire about political gains and losses. Kevin·Z likes to be the master of every intimate friend, helping him wholeheartedly, knowing everything and talking about everything. Coupled with his honest and frank personality, he often argued and never compromised.

Because Wei Zhi was able to protest face to face, even if Emperor Taizong was furious, he dared to argue face to face and never gave in. So Emperor Taizong was always afraid of him. Wei Zhi died at home. Taizong personally mourned, tears streaming down his face, and said, "My husband can dress himself up with bronze as a mirror; Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall; Take people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses. I have kept these three mirrors in case I miss them. Now Wei Zhi is dead. He died in a mirror.

8. Profound solution to the case-De Renjie (630 -700), a famous figure in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Di, the word, was born in Di Village, Taiyuan (now Taiyuan, Shanxi) in the Tang Dynasty.

In the first year of IX (700), Emperor Renjie died and mourned in the ruling and opposition. Wu Zetian cried and said, "The imperial court is empty." . To Wenchang Youcheng, Stone. Tang Zhongzong succeeded to the throne and was posthumously awarded to Sikong. Tang Ruizong also named it Liang Guogong.

From the year of Zhenguan to the reign of Wu Zetian, the emperor made outstanding contributions in his life and ushered in a prosperous new century. He has been upright and upright all his life, and his achievements are remarkable. Especially when Wu Zetian was in power, he was famous for his fearless power and outspoken advice, and became a famous figure. After the death of Emperor Wu Zetian posthumously presented him as the right photograph of Wenchang. Zhongzong acceded to the throne as a gift. During his reign, he was made Duke Liang, so later generations also called him "Emperor Duke Liang".

9. There is no better way to win the world than seeking for the old-Kou Zhun (96 1- 1023), a famous anti-Liao scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Kou Zhun was born in Xiatuo, Huazhou (now Xia Ji Town, Linwei District).

A famous patriotic politician in North China, he served as Prime Minister for three times, and was named Lai and posthumous title was loyal and righteous.

Kou Zhun, an honest official, enjoys a high reputation among the people in the Central Plains, and even the Liao countries deeply admire him. During decades of official career, Kou Zhun rose to the position of prime minister in charge of state power, but did not build private houses for himself. At that time, there was a poem in Ye Wei, Chu Shi, saying: "Ding Temple has an official residence and nowhere to rise." In other words, he is not greedy, but pities people's wealth quality. This poem spread to Qidan, and the Qidan people admired it very much. Kou Zhun was banished to Leizhou, Guangdong Province in his later years. Once, a northern envoy came to Bianjing, looked at the ruling ministers and asked the guide, "Who is the prime minister from scratch?"? "At that time, the court officials looked at each other in shame, and no one answered. Kou Zhun's honest and clean official ethics set an example for China officials, which has been praised by people for more than 1000 years.

10, the political reform in Xining is controversial-Wang Anshi, a famous figure in the Northern Song Dynasty (102 1 ~ 1086).

Reformer, thinker and writer in Song Dynasty. The word Fu Jie, no, is Mid-Levels.

Linchuan, Jiangxi (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi) is known as Mr Linchuan in the world. In the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi was appointed as a political consultant, and the next year he was promoted to prime minister, and began to vigorously promote political reform and reform. In the first year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (1086), due to the rise of conservatives such as Sima Guang, the previous new law was abolished. Wang Anshi died of depression soon.

In philosophy, Wang Anshi inherited and carried forward some thoughts of Laozi, which is a traditional and simple dialectical thought. Biography of Hong Fan and Biography of Lao Zi are the main works, and the latter has been lost. His articles are famous for their comments and are listed as the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. In terms of poetry, he wrote many poems reflecting social reality in his early years. Wang Anshi, formerly known as Shu and Jing, was named Wang or Wang Wengong after his death.

1 1, assisting Wolong, a famous figure in Yuan Dynasty (11244).

A famous politician in Yuan Dynasty, an important minister in three dynasties. Word Jin Qing,No. Zhan Ran lay man.

Qidan nationality. Descendants of Liao royal family. Living in Jinzhong capital (now Beijing), he read widely, bypassing astronomy, geography, laws, numbers, interpreting old theories and medical divination. When Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty, he served as Foreign Minister. 12 15 He went to Mongolia, followed Genghis Khan's Western Expedition, divined astrology and practiced medicine. Tuo Lei's founding and Wokuotai became more and more important after they acceded to the throne. 12 18 yeluchucai joined the army and participated in politics with Genghis Khan, and he was appointed as prime minister. 123 1 year, Bi, who is in charge of Chinese characters, put forward a series of policies and measures that are beneficial to the economic development of the Central Plains in terms of politics, economy and culture.

12, the emperor's teacher saved the prime minister-Zhang (1525- 1582)

Posthumous title was born in Caoshi, Jiangling. After his death, his body was solemnly buried outside the east gate of Jiangling, and the world called him "Zhang Jiangling".

During his tenure as an official, he boldly carried out political, economic and military reforms, which made the country stable and economically developed, and for a time there was a scene of Qingming and prosperity. Four measures: (1) streamline the organization and reduce redundant staff. At that time, the administration was bloated and overstaffed. Zhang merged everything that could be merged. (two) serious law and discipline, credit will be punished. Zhang believes that "the crime of rewarding and punishing merit must be fair, win the hearts of the people, and then be held accountable for life." (3) Avoid accumulating burdens and reduce people's burdens. (4) Pay attention to talents, know people well and be good at their duties. He once wrote to Zongshen, saying, "In the future, if you ask the function, you will be unqualified.

13, a model of officialdom with literary courage and military strategy-Zeng Guofan (1811~1872), a famous figure in Qing Dynasty.

Zeng Guofan, whose real name is Bohan, whose real name is Zicheng and whose name is Yuzhou. He was born in Heyetang, Xiangxiang County in Qing Dynasty (now Shuangfeng Ye He Township).

In December of the second year of Xianfeng, Zeng Guofan was ordered to practice in Hunan to resist the Taiping Army. Don't be alone, change the tune. Xiang Yong is based on loyalty and righteousness. He separated the organization and training of the regiment, focused on training, and recruited a group of Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism believers such as Luo Zenan and Peng Yulin, as well as fellow villagers, classmates, relatives and friends as key generals, intellectuals as camp officers, and able-bodied farmers as soldiers to form the landlord class armed forces. It became an important pillar to suppress the Taiping Army and maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

Zeng Guofan is rigorous in his studies and advocates Confucianism. His academic thought was based on Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, which summarized China's feudal culture into four disciplines: righteousness, poetry, classics and textual research. His unique views had a certain influence on that time and later generations. He put forward the "Eight-character Family Instruction" of "Morning, Sweep, Test, Treasure, Book, Vegetable, Fish and Pig", which embodied the feudal Taoist thought of "keeping fit". It's ancient prose, unmarried. Wen Bing, the mantle of Tongcheng School, was temporarily occupied. His letters from home and diaries are well received. Most of his works are included in the Complete Works of Zeng Gong, with 128 volumes; This album contains the complete works of Zeng Guofan.