What is San Xuan?

Metaphysics, the word "Xuan" here, comes from a sentence in Laozi, "Xuan is both mysterious and mysterious, and it is the door to all miracles." Metaphysics was originally a term in Taoist philosophy, which refers to a philosophical trend of thought with Laozi as the research core in Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Metaphysics, also known as Neo-Taoism, is the study and explanation of Laozi, Zhuangzi and Zhouyi, which originated in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Metaphysics is a trend of thought advocating Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi in China from Wei Jin to the middle of Song Dynasty. It can also be said to be a new expression of Taoism, so it is also called neo-Taoism. Its ideological trend lasted from the end of Han Dynasty to the middle of Song Dynasty. Metaphysics was the mainstream thought that replaced Confucian classics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Metaphysics is "profound learning", which is based on "ancestors narrate Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi", and Lao Zi, Zhuangzi and Zhouyi are called "San Xuan". Taoist metaphysics is also the only knowledge besides Confucianism that has been designated as an official school.

Xuanxue

Introduction of "San Xuan"

1, the king of all classics: Laozi

Tao Te Ching is a philosophical work of Laozi (Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as the moral truth, with five thousand words and five thousand articles by Laozi. It was a work of China before the separation of the pre-Qin philosophers in ancient times. It was highly praised by the philosophers at that time and was an important source of Taoist philosophy. Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The first part of the original text is the Tao Te Ching, and the second part is the Tao Te Ching, without chapters. Later, it was changed to the Tao Te Ching in the first 37 chapters, and the Tao Te Ching in the last 38 chapters, divided into 8 1 chapters.

Tao Te Ching takes the philosophical meaning of "virtue" as the main line, and discusses the ways of self-cultivation, governing the country, using troops and keeping in good health, but it mostly aims at politics. The so-called "inner sage and outer king" is known as the "king of all classics", which has profound meaning and is inclusive.

Tao Te Ching is one of the greatest works in the history of China, which has a profound influence on traditional philosophy, science, politics and religion. According to the statistics of UNESCO, the Tao Te Ching is the most widely translated and published cultural masterpiece except the Bible.

Laozi stone statue

Tao Te Ching

2. Including White Leopard: Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi, also known as Nanhuajing, is a Taoist classic written by Zhuangzi in the middle of the Warring States Period and his later period. After the Han Dynasty, he was honored as a classic of the South China, and Zhuangzi was named as a true man of the South China. His books, Laozi and Zhouyi are called "San Xuan". Zhuangzi mainly reflects Zhuangzi's philosophy, art, aesthetics, outlook on life and politics.

Zhuangzi's articles, with fantastic imagination, ingenious conception, rich and colorful ideological world and literary artistic conception, Wang Yang's wanton writing style, romantic artistic style and magnificent mystery, are typical works of pre-Qin philosophers. Zhuangzi's words seem to praise Wan Li with infinite imagination, but they are well-founded and more important than historical materials. Mr. Lu Xun said, "His style of writing is Wang Yang's, and his manners are all square. The works of the late Zhou philosophers should not be the first. " Known as "nine-flow pliers, bag a hundred bags."

Zhuangzi first put forward the idea of "sage inside and king outside", which had a far-reaching influence on Confucianism. Zhuangzi has a profound insight into Yi-ology, profoundly pointing out that "Yin and Yang are easy to use"; Zhuangzi's thought of "three tones" is consistent with the three talents in the Book of Changes.

Zhuangzi Miki first put forward the proposition of "harmony between man and nature".

Zhuangzi and Yijing, Four Classics of Huangdi, Laozi and The Analects of Confucius are several original classics of the Chinese nation. They are not only important carriers of morality and culture, but also the wisdom crystallization of ancient sages through self-cultivation, enlightenment and the unity of man and nature. Zhuangzi and other Taoist thoughts are the only doctrines regarded as official learning and Taoism except Confucianism in history.

Zhuangzi is not only a philosophical masterpiece, but also a literary fable masterpiece. But also had an inseparable and far-reaching influence on the development of China literature. The publication and research of the fable of Zhuangzi has inherited and developed the excellent tradition of China culture and carried forward the spirit of the Chinese nation. In a practical sense, it laid a spiritual foundation for the construction of socialist civilization.

Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi.

3. The Source of Avenue: Zhouyi

The Book of Changes, one of the Three Changes of the Book of Changes (another view: the Book of Changes is three changes, not the Book of Changes), is one of the traditional classics. It is said that it was written by Zhou Wenwang Jichang, and its contents include the Book of Changes and the Book of Changes. Classics are mainly composed of 64 hexagrams and 384 hexagrams, each of which has its own interpretation (hexagrams) for divination. The Book of Changes did not put forward the concepts of Yin-Yang and Taiji, but was influenced by Taoism and Yin-Yang theory. It contains seven languages * * * and ten quatrains explaining hexagrams, which are collectively called Ten Wings. It is said that it was written by Confucius.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, official schools began to evolve into private schools. There is a gradual development before and after the Yi-ology, and a hundred schools of thought contend, so it is easy to divide. Since Confucius praised the Book of Changes, the Book of Changes has been regarded as a Confucian classic and the first of the Six Classics by Confucianism. In addition to Confucianism, there are two schools of Yi-ology and Confucianism-Yi-Yi, which develop in parallel: one is Yi-ology, which still exists in the old forces; The other is Laozi's Taoist Yi, which began to be divided into three branches.

The General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu divides the origin and evolution of Yi-ology into "two schools and six schools". Two schools, namely, the school of mathematics and the school of righteousness; Six cases, one is divination, the other is auspiciousness, the third is accidents, the fourth is old Zhuang Zong, the fifth is Confucianism, and the sixth is history.

Zhouyi is the theoretical source of natural philosophy and humanistic practice in China's traditional ideology and culture, the crystallization of China's ancient thoughts and wisdom, and is known as the "source of Tao". The content is extremely rich, which has had a far-reaching impact on China's politics, economy, culture and other fields for thousands of years.

The Book of Changes is the first of Qunjing and a teaching book.