In which dynasty did the history of writing exams begin?

The history of textual research began in Shang Dynasty.

It is generally believed that China's dynasty began in the Xia Dynasty, and the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties were a slave society in China. However, there is no clear written record in Xia dynasty, and no strong written record has been verified so far. But there is a clear written record in Shang Dynasty, and that is Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

1936, 12 In June, a Oracle Bone Inscriptions pit was excavated in Xiaotun Village, and 17096 pieces of written Oracle bones were preserved, which recorded many activities in Wuding period of Shang Dynasty. It seems that this is the Oracle Bone Inscriptions file of Wuding royal family. The excavation of these Oracle bones is of great value to the study of social politics, culture and life in Wuding period. Since then, many archaeological excavations have unearthed a large number of Oracle Bone Inscriptions who recorded the activities of the Shang Dynasty.

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Oracle Bone Inscriptions, also known as Wen Qi, Oracle Bone Inscriptions or tortoise shell bone inscription, mainly refers to the words carved on tortoise shell bone by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty in China. It is the earliest known systematic written carrier of Shang Dynasty in China and East Asia, but most of it has not been interpreted.

It is a key form for the development of Chinese characters to inherit the original engraving and the Western Zhou Dynasty characters. Modern and mature modern characters or regular script are all gradually evolved from Shang Dynasty characters. Besides Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the writings of Shang Dynasty also include inscriptions on bronzes, which are usually more formal than those of Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

It is generally believed that Wang, an official and epigraphist in the late Qing Dynasty, discovered Oracle Bone Inscriptions from the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Anyang, Henan Province in the 25th year of Guangxu (1899). Xiaotun Village in the northwest of Anyang City is the location of the "Yin Ruins" in the late Shang Dynasty.

Over the past century, more than 100,000 pieces of Oracle bones 10 have been unearthed in the local area through archaeological excavations. In addition, Oracle Bone Inscriptions also appeared in other parts of Henan and Shaanxi, from the late Shang Dynasty (about 1300 BC) to the Spring and Autumn Period. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery promoted the study of China's ancient history and ancient philology by scholars all over the world, and created a brand-new discipline-Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions has a history of over 3000 years. It is not only the earliest and most systematic data for studying the origin of Chinese characters, but also an important wealth for studying oracle calligraphy. From the perspective of calligraphy, Oracle Bone Inscriptions already has three basic elements of calligraphy, namely, using a pen, creating characters and composing a composition.

Judging from the characters on Oracle bones, they already have the three elements of China's calligraphy, namely, writing, writing and composition. His brush lines are neat and thin, his brush is quite thick, his shirt is uniform in thickness and his strokes are multi-folded, which has an influence on the pen knife of modern seal cutting. From the perspective of structural fonts, the characters not only have changes, although they vary in size, they are relatively balanced and symmetrical, and also present a stable pattern.