Book of rites? On Xue Ji 6

At the beginning of university teaching, biàn provided food as a sign of respect. Night is elegance (y), and the official is also the beginning. Beginner drum (qiè), Sun Xun (Xinxun) also has his career. Xia (Jimi:) Chu two things, accept its prestige. I don't look at my studies, but I swim in my ambitions. Watch the time to talk and keep your heart. Young people listen and ask, but they can't learn (liè). These seven things are related to teaching. Remember: "Learning to be excellent is to be an official, to be an official first, and to be a scholar first", that's what it means!

Precautions:

① Bi àn: Bi, an ancient hat. A fur hat is a fur hat, which means clothes here.

Sacrificial dishes: celery and the like used as sacrifices.

3 elegance; That is Xiaoya in The Book of Songs.

4 easy: learn. I'm still studying and haven't graduated yet.

⑤ Three poems by Xiaoya: Luming Literature, Mu Si and Huang Huangzhehua. These three poems are all related to official etiquette, so the following says, "An official begins." . Officer: This refers to the principle of being an official.

⑥ Qi è: Gather students and open the book basket to get books. Baskets, boxes and the like, here refers to schoolbags.

⑦ Sun (xê n): Same as Xun, deferential.

⑧ Xia (Ji γ) Chu: Xia is the same as "Dang" and Dang Shu. Chu is also a kind of tree, also called Jing tree. These two kinds of trees have the same characteristics, the branches are thick and elastic, so they are used as pointers, that is, "rulers". When children are disobedient, teachers use them to slap their palms.

Pet-name ruby: accept and restrain. Wei, appearance and behavior.

Attending divination (dì): Divination is divination. Truth is a great sacrifice.

? Liè: Beyond. Wait, it is beyond the level, not step by step.

? Karen: The original meaning is the generation of human beings, and it is extended to principles and principles.

Explanation:

At the beginning of university teaching, biàn provided food as a sign of respect. At the beginning of the university, students all wore dresses and offered sacrifices to sages and teachers with algae dishes, which reflected their spirit of respecting teachers and valuing Taoism. This is a ceremony to cultivate respect. This is the same reason that we raised the national flag and sang the national anthem at the opening ceremony.

Night is elegance (y), and the official is also the beginning. Play the Book of Songs? Xiaoya has three songs: Luming Literature, sago and Huanghua. At that time, The Book of Songs had its own tunes, which could be played and sung. Among them, "Ya" poems are music songs at court banquets or court meetings, which belong to the mainstream music of the aristocratic class. Why do you want to play these three songs? Because these three poems are all related to being an official, and these students are all going to be officials in the future, which is a kind of vocational education. These three poems are roughly equivalent to our school song today.

Among them, Luming Literature describes a scene similar to the annual dinner. Simimu and Huanghuanghua describe the scenes on the road of business trip. One is sad and the other is happy. Du Niang has all three poems, so I won't add them here.

Beginner drum (qiè), Sun Xun (Xinxun) also has his career. Call students to class with drums, open boxes (baskets) and distribute books. I hope students will correct their learning attitude and be polite to others. Just like ringing the bell in class now, the difference may be that the books at that time were all bamboo slips, old and heavy, inconvenient to carry, and the number may not be so large, which could not meet one's needs. They may all be in the classroom, and the books can only be opened and taken out during class, and they have to be tidied up and left in the classroom after class.

Xia (Jimi:) Chu two things, accept its prestige. Early summer (pointer) is used to guard against and spur students, which has the effect of diarrhea;

Sacrificing vegetables and beating drums in Xia and Chu are all for the sense of ceremony and form an atmosphere that supports learning.

The ceremony is very important. Ceremony is an important carrier of culture. The Book of Changes says, "Saints follow Shinto, and the world is smooth." Shintoism is to turn abstract culture into concrete rituals. Ceremony is an important tool for leaders. Why do you want to hold an annual meeting? Will the annual meeting be fruitful? Of course, promoting productivity through cultural construction.

I don't look at my studies, but I swim in my ambitions. In ancient times, sacrifice was a great event. Zuo Zhuan said that "the great event of a country lies in sacrifice and military service". During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, there were countless sacrifices throughout the year, including a big sacrifice in each season, which was called glutinous rice in spring, glutinous rice in summer, glutinous rice in autumn and steamed glutinous rice in winter. This festival is held in summer, and students enter school in spring. Before the summer vacation, officials from the Ministry of Education will not visit, that is, there will be no exams, so that students have enough time to arrange their studies according to their interests and ambitions.

Think about the current school, how many exams there are, and whether students can not be bored.

Watch the time to talk and keep your heart. Teachers often observe students, but don't talk easily, and wait until the appropriate time to guide them. This is to let students "keep their hearts". What is the heart? Keep the heart of learning. In The Analects of Confucius, Mr. Kong said, "Don't be angry, don't be angry, don't be reluctant to send it", which means don't tell students the answer easily, let them try to figure it out, discuss it, think hard, and let the isolated knowledge points taught in class collide, ferment and connect with each other. When the temperature reaches, they will be gently enlightened. If you don't do this, the teacher is actually showing off and spoiling, thus depriving students of the fun of exploration.

Young people listen and ask, but they can't learn (liè). The so-called young people are students in lower grades. In ancient times, classes were mixed, and children of different ages and grades attended classes together. Therefore, it is particularly emphasized that young people should listen and ask questions, otherwise it will disturb the teaching process and be detrimental to their own learning.

We will take it for granted that we should have classes together in the same grade. In fact, this is just a state of mind. Mixed classes have the advantages of mixed classes. I heard that there are experiments in mixed classes abroad, and the results are very good.

Asking questions is really a university question. A question is a ruler. As soon as the question is spoken, people will immediately see your depth. We encourage questions, but we don't like lazy questions. What's the problem with laziness? For example, you ask, "Teacher, how do you pronounce this word?" Can't you look it up in the dictionary? This is a lazy question, and young people listen to it, mainly referring to this kind of question.

If you ask "teacher, don't you encourage us to ask questions in class?" Why are you talking and asking questions here? "Ah! That's interesting. This is a real problem.

The real question is like a beam of light, illuminating our unknown field. If you ask a question, the teacher can't answer it, but it is really necessary to answer it. This is a "big problem".

Confucius said, "I talk back all day." Don't violate it like a fool. Retreat and keep your privacy. It's also enough to send. It's not stupid to go back "Yan Hui is the most proud student of Confucius. He doesn't ask questions in class, and he is also very awesome.

We don't have Yan Hui's talent, but we can make preparations before asking questions, first solve the information-related problems that we can ask Du Niang for help, and leave the questioning time for exploratory questions, so the learning efficiency will be different.

The opposite of "Zhou et al." is step by step. Whether it is gradual or unconventional development, I think this benevolent person has different opinions. But behind all the extraordinary development, there is still an "order", which is just different from the usual "order". Everyone has a different "order". Find your own "order" and you will become a good learner.

Say a few more words about the application of the concept of "step by step" in work. Many tools, models, their application points are based on steps, rather than waiting, such as the five steps of design thinking. However, people are always in a hurry. They are used to seeing problems, looking for solutions immediately, and even putting them into action directly, thus making a logical leap. This method is superficial, kidnapped by old experience, and the effect is definitely not good. The ancients said that "urgent things should be done slowly", which contains rich wisdom.

These seven things are related to teaching. There are two things in early summer, namely, offering sacrifices to vegetables with leather covers, elegant nights and drum baskets. Buzi doesn't look at learning, but looks at the time and talks, while listening and asking. These seven things embody the main principles of teaching.

Officials put things first, and scholars put ambition first. The most important thing to be an official is to be proficient in business, and the most important thing to learn is to set up your own ambitions.

Scholars, the lowest stratum of the aristocratic class in the Spring and Autumn Period, gradually became the collective name of intellectuals. Scholars are between the ruling class and the lower class. They are well aware of the mystery of rule, can observe the sufferings of the people and become an elite force to promote social development. Confucius said that "counting begins with one, ends with ten, and ten are combined into one scholar", which endowed scholars with a sacred orthodoxy.

Ambition, follow the scholar's heart, scholar's heart, scholar's voice, will, ambition and ideal. Zhang Zai, a great scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, once said a famous sentence, "Make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, link the past with the future, and make the world peaceful", which really speaks the voice of scholars all over the world.

Each of us has two identities: an official and a scholar. Officials are our job roles, and scholars are our roles in the sense of personal learning and growth.

As a staff member, the first thing is to do a good job, not to do a good job, and everything feels nonsense.

As a "scholar", we stand in this world as a person, and we must ask ourselves where our "ambition" lies. Ambition is the mission and meaning of life. Other activities in work and life are just carriers.

It would be great if the two aspects can be harmoniously unified, as shown in the following figure.

What you love is your ambition and the expression of your "scholar" status; What the society recognizes is your work and the expression of your "official" status; What you are good at has something to do with your study. Learning perfectly links "officials first" and "scholars first".