The law of development since Shang Dynasty.

(A) Xia Dynasty-hereditary system of the throne

After his death, his son succeeded to the throne. Since then, the hereditary system of the throne has replaced the abdication system, and the "public world" has become a "home world". There are two ways to inherit the throne: father and son, brother and brother. From "ruling the world" to "ruling the world" is the product of the development of productive forces and class opposition and the inevitable trend of historical development.

(B) Shang Dynasty-internal and external service system

The state institutions of Shang Dynasty were more perfect. The supreme ruler is Yin and various officials. The state management structure of Shang Dynasty was internal and external service system. Oral administration refers to the areas directly controlled by the Shang king, while foreign service refers to the Fang countries and tribes indirectly controlled by the Shang king.

The Shang Dynasty was permeated with theocracy, combining kingship with theocracy, and state affairs were decided by divination.

(3) the political system of the Western Zhou Dynasty

1. feudal system and patriarchal system

2. Rites and music system

Meaning: the political and living standards of nobles at all levels.

Essence: a tool to maintain patriarchal feudalism.

(D) the characteristics of the early political system

1. Take blood relationship as a link: combine state power with family relationship to form a situation of "integration of family and country".

2. Strict hierarchy: With the feudal system and patriarchal clan system as the core, a hierarchical sequence of "Zhou Wang-vassal-QingDafu-scholar" was formed. The rights and obligations at different levels are fixed and difficult to surmount.

3. Greater local power: the enfeoffment system has given the vassal states greater ruling power, and the supreme ruler has not yet formed the concentration of central power.

4. Superstition is strong: kingship and theocracy are closely combined.