What are the customs and poems of Lantern Festival?

On the fifteenth day of the first month, the Spring Festival began, and men, women and children went out. Stepping on the intoxicating night, I came to the streets of the mountain city and saw red lanterns hanging high everywhere, and all kinds of lanterns were more pleasing to the eye. In recent years, with the development and progress of market economy, society and culture, lanterns in the first month have become a cultural feast for people in the New Year.

In fact, the Lantern Festival is only called the fifteenth day of the first month, the first half of the first month or the first month, and it is called "Yuanxiao" or "Yuanxiao" after the Sui Dynasty. Influenced by Taoism in the early Tang Dynasty, it was also called "Shangyuan", but it was only in the late Tang Dynasty that it was occasionally called "Yuanxiao". But since the Song Dynasty, it has also been called "Dunhill Road". In Qing dynasty, it was also called "Lantern Festival". In foreign countries, Lantern Festival is also called "Lantern Festival". Of course, all kinds of lanterns are the main features of Yuanxiao, but in the development history of this festival, lanterns did not appear until the Sui Dynasty (58 1 to 6 19), which was one of the later programs, and it was not until the Tang Dynasty that lanterns became the main symbol of Yuanxiao. Yuanxiao is a festival gradually formed from the third century, and developed into a fixed festival in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. However, lanterns and hundreds of dramas that later became the main festivals of the Lantern Festival did not appear until Yang Di.

The customs of Lantern Festival are different all over the country. At the Lantern Festival in Yongping Prefecture, Hebei Province, sick women gather under the kiln, which is called "pottery moxibustion". Children crossing the bridge are called "Du Bai Goose". Some people cut the paper into nine paper ropes and tied them with their hands to make amends, which is called "tying the sheep intestines". Use twelve cups to store oil, put it in a pot and steam it. According to the amount of water in the cups, predict the sunny and rainy days this month. The Shangyuan Festival in Jinghai County takes big steamed bread as its diet. Qingyun County, Lantern Festival, the man asked five ancestors to teach boxing sticks, and the woman asked Zi Gubu to take the blame.

In Zichuan County, Shandong Province, people near the water put more river lanterns on the Lantern Festival. Ningyang county sends lanterns to ancestral graves during the Lantern Festival. Boxing township has the custom of lighting lanterns on the Lantern Festival. Boys carry lanterns, walk around the jujube tree six times and say "Du Lao Du Lao, blossom and bear jujube" six times, which can make the jujube tree harvest. Men, women and children in Juxian county go for an outing in the wild on the 16th day of the first month, which is called "walking old". It is said that walking once a year can keep them young forever.

[Henan Province] Eating wonton during the Lantern Festival in Xiangcheng County is called "reunion tea". When the bride's family brought her married daughter home for the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival in the county, all the old, the sick and the disabled used fire to moxibustion stone turtles. If there is a river bridge in the area, cross it at the same speed. If there is no bridge, a "flyover" made of boards several feet high is called "walking with illness"

[Shaanxi Province] △ Xiang County Lantern Festival banquets for daughters and sons-in-law, which is called "Eating Fifteen". And send lights to send oil, which is called "refueling"

In Wujin County, Jiangsu Province, on the first day of last week, people tied reeds into a wishing torch and planted it in the ground, which was called "Zhao Tian Cai" to predict the morning and evening. White fire is water, and Rise of the Legend is drought. On the Lantern Festival in Yixing, children wear ghost masks, bend their feet and jump around with their shoulders shaking, which is called "jumping ghosts".

[Zhejiang Province] In Hangzhou, it is said that the 15th day of the first month is the day when Shangyuan God blessed the people. He spent a lot of time on vegetarian chanting and prostrated himself in Wu Shan. The most famous Lantern Festival in Haining is the exquisite chrysanthemum lantern. Shangyu County will compete in martial arts on the platform before the Lantern Festival. In Jiande County, if someone has a new wife, a wine sacrifice bed will be set on the Lantern Festival.

Jiangxi province: people in Xinjian county sweep graves and put bamboo as lanterns during the Lantern Festival. Every town in wanan county worships Shenzhou on the Lantern Festival.

In Yunmeng County, Hubei Province (now Jianghan), the old farmer held a torch to shine on Pu Tian at midnight snack, which was called "shining on the Jedi silkworm". Children greet God with drums and fields and predict the future. Wuchang's "dragon making" will last for three days. All the men, women and children in the village follow the dragon lantern to the neighboring village for dinner, which is called "Dragon for Wine".

In Shangyuan County, Changde, Hunan Province, Chili peppers are used as soup, and leeks and fruits are added to entertain guests, which is called "time soup". After swimming in the dragon lantern in Xintian County, the dragon lantern was lit, which was called "sending disaster".

[Sichuan Province] Sichuan Lantern Festival has the custom of "four steals": "one steals jiaozi, the other steals green, the third steals eaves lamp and the fourth steals red." Except stealing youth is to keep fit, the rest are the customs of begging for children. There is a custom of "cursing" in Kaixian County. On the Lantern Festival, people move the benches outdoors and scold all the grievances at ordinary times. Those who are scolded are not allowed to scold them back.

[Fujian Province] Quanzhou lanterns are unique, including incense lanterns, paper-folded lotus lanterns, silk palace lanterns and eight-knot lanterns. The temples in Shaowu County are called "Clean Street" because they welcome incense at midnight snack. In southern Fujian, there is a custom that children in two villages throw stones at each other for fun at the Lantern Festival. It is said that there will be a plague in that village if stones are not thrown.

[Guangdong Province] Last year, boys were born in Xin 'an County, and they all celebrated with lanterns after midnight. When Nanxiong lit the lamp, parents took down the dragon beard thread from the dragon lantern and tied it for the children. It is said that children can be protected from diseases. He still took the candle left in the dragon lantern and shone it under the bed. It is said that he can give birth to your son. When people steal midnight snacks in Wenchang county, it is a good omen for the thief to be scolded, and for those who can't steal, it is a good omen not to be scolded.

Yunlong County, Yunnan Province greeted three worshippers before the Lantern Festival and set up a shed along the street to offer sacrifices. Burning incense on the bridge on the second day of the Maitreya Lantern Festival, throwing stones into the water, and then washing your eyes with water, it is said that you can get rid of the disease.

Eating Lantern Festival is the same custom all over the country. This kind of food first appeared in the Song Dynasty. The poet Jiang Baishi wrote in the poem Ode to the Lantern Festival: "Guests look at the Imperial Street with a hook curtain, and the treasures in the city will come at once." This "city treasure" refers to Yuanxiao. Zhou Bida, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote a poem "Boiling and Floating Zi Yuan in the Lantern Festival": What is the evening? So is reunion. Tang officials patrol the old flavor, and the kitchen service makes new contributions. Stars in dark clouds, beads floating in turbid water. 18-year-old miscellaneous poems, there is this sentence about family style.

The poem shows that eating Yuanxiao symbolizes the meaning of the country. At first, Yuanxiao was called "Tangyuan" because it floated in the bowl, just like a bright moon hanging in the sky. There is a full moon in the sky, jiaozi in the bowl, and the family is reunited, just as the folk song "Selling jiaozi" in Taiwan Province Province sings: "A bowl of soup is full, and eating jiaozi is a good reunion." Symbolizes reunion and good luck. Because glutinous rice balls were originally only available on the market during the Lantern Festival, over time, they were directly called Yuanxiao.

It is said that Yuan Shikai, a national thief, usurped the achievements of the Revolution of 1911 and was bent on restoring the throne, but he was afraid of people's opposition and was always on tenterhooks. One day, he heard people selling Yuanxiao in the street screaming, "Yuanxiao." I think the word "Yuanxiao" is suspected of the demise of Yuan Shikai, which is related to my own fate. So before 19 13 Lantern Festival, it is forbidden to call it "Yuanxiao", and it can only be called "glutinous rice balls" or "fruit powder". However, the word "Yuanxiao" was not cancelled because of his will, and the people did not buy his account, so it was still circulated among the people.

There are several interesting folklore about the Lantern Festival: Legend has it that long ago, a god bird got lost and landed on the earth, but was accidentally shot by an unsuspecting hunter. Emperor Tiandi was very angry when he learned that, so he ordered the heavenly soldiers to set fire to the world on the fifteenth day of the first month and burn all mankind to death. The daughter of the Emperor of Heaven was kind-hearted, and could not bear to see the innocent suffering of the people, so she risked her life to tell the people the news. When people heard the news, it was like a blow to the head. I'm too scared to know what to do.

After a long time, an old man came up with an idea. He said: "On the 14th, 15th and 16th of the first month, every family hangs red lanterns, lights firecrackers and sets off fireworks. In this way, the emperor will think that people have been burned to death. " Everyone nodded and said yes, and they were ready to go separately. On the fifteenth night of the first month, the mountain soldiers looked down and found that there was red light in the world, thinking it was the flame of a big fire, and told the Emperor not to set fire to the ground. People thus saved their lives and property. In order to commemorate this success, every household hangs lanterns and sets off fireworks on the fifteenth day of the first month to commemorate this day.

Another legend is related to the custom of eating Yuanxiao: According to legend, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had a favorite named Dong Fangshuo, who was kind and funny. If someone in the palace offended Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Dong Fangshuo always intervened. One winter, it snowed heavily for a few days, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty felt a little bored. Dong Fangshuo went to the Imperial Garden to fold plum blossoms for Emperor Wu. As soon as I entered the garden gate, I found a maid-in-waiting crying and preparing to throw herself into the well. Dong Fangshuo hurriedly stepped forward to deliver, and asked her why * *. It turns out that this maid-in-waiting is named Yuanxiao, and there are parents and a sister at home. She has not seen her family since she entered the palace. Every spring comes, I miss my family more than usual. She thought that since she could not be filial to her parents, she might as well die, so she came to the well. Dong Fangshuo sympathized with her after hearing what happened to her, and assured her that she would try her best to reunite her with her family.

On this day, after Dong Fangshuo left the palace, he set up a divination pavilion on Chang 'an Avenue. Many people are scrambling to find him for divination. Unexpectedly, what everyone wants is the signature of "The 16th day of the first month will burn us to death". Suddenly, there was a big panic in Chang 'an. People are looking for a solution to the disaster. Dong Fangshuo said, "On the night of the 13th day of the first month, Vulcan will send a goddess in red to visit the earth. She is the messenger who was ordered to burn Chang 'an. If you see a girl in red riding a pink donkey, kneel down and beg at once. The girl said, "I have been ordered to burn Chang 'an. The Jade Emperor will stand on the worse gate and watch. Thanks to my father's prayers, I will give you the copied poem so that the son of heaven can make a difference. " Say that finish, then dropped a red pillar and roared off. The people picked up the red post and quickly sent it to the palace to report to the emperor. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took it, only to find that it read: "Chang 'an is being robbed, the Imperial Palace is on fire, and it burned for 16 days, and the supper is red."

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was shocked and hurriedly invited Dong Fangshuo, who was resourceful. Dong Fangshuo thought for a pretence and said, "I heard that Vulcan likes jiaozi best. Don't you often make Yuanxiao in the palace for you? /kloc-You can let Yuanxiao package jiaozi on the evening of 0/5. Long live the incense and offerings, and order every household in Kyoto to make dumplings to worship Vulcan. Then he told his subjects to hang lanterns, light firecrackers and set off fireworks together in Izayoi, making the city full of fires, so as to deceive the Jade Emperor. In addition, inform the people outside the city to go to the city to watch the lights on the evening of the 16 th to eliminate disasters and solve problems. " . Liang Wudi was very happy after hearing this, so he ordered him to do it according to Dong Fangshuo's method.

On the 16th day of the first month, Chang 'an City was decorated with colorful lights, and the tourists were bustling and very lively. Yuanxiao's parents also took their sister to the city to see the lights. When they saw the big palace lantern with the words "Yuanxiao" written on it, they shouted in surprise: "Yuanxiao! Yuanxiao! When Yuanxiao heard the shouts, she was finally reunited with her parents and sister. After such a busy night, Chang 'an was safe. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was overjoyed, so he ordered that glutinous rice balls should be made for Vulcan on the fifteenth day of the first month of each year, and the whole city would be decorated with lanterns and set off fireworks on the sixteenth day of the first month. Because jiaozi cooked by Yuanxiao is the best, people call it Yuanxiao, and this day is called Lantern Festival.