Why do you always use "Luan Song" to express your feelings in Tang poetry? How did Luan Ge become the emotional carrier of women in Tang Dynasty?

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The Tang Dynasty was a highly prosperous feudal era with a strong artistic atmosphere. Not only outstanding representatives such as romantic poet Li Bai and realistic poet Du Fu have emerged, but also other talented poets have emerged one after another, leaving us with many passionate and romantic poems and songs. It is these poems that make Leng Luan Jing, which prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, like Leng Luan Jing, become the carrier of many women's emotional life in the Tang Dynasty.

Schematic diagram of the poet "Wang Jian" in Tang Dynasty

Luan mirror in Tang poetry

As Qiao, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the Book of Songs: "My concubine has the mirror of Qin. As a gift today, I have no objection to getting acquainted. " At first, the heartless Luan mirror obviously became a "symbol" for men and women in the Tang Dynasty to express their feelings of parting and entrust their love.

Another example is "Beauty and I don't want to stay in the same box" in the Mirror of the Senses. There are no hibiscus flowers in autumn water because the flowers have withered. It is also the thought expressed by women in the Tang Dynasty through "Luan Song" after breaking up with their lovers.

Therefore, even some women in the Tang Dynasty gave Luan Jing a metaphysical taste of "feudal superstition". They use mirrors for divination, which is called "mirror divination" or "mirror listening".

Wang Jian, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote Listening in the Mirror according to the phenomenon that women in the Tang Dynasty "listen in the mirror". "When you marry a mirror, there will be a lot of friction, and your husband will cross it."

It clearly depicts these Tang Nv's appearance through "Luan Ge", and through them, it gives an insight into the current situation of lovers and expresses the thoughts of lovers and in my heart forever.

Luo schematic diagram

It is one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, not too far away. During Luan Jing's years, he left a poem, "The dragon doesn't report it, but the mirror flowers fall."

However, these cases are only the tip of the iceberg of poems related to "Luan Jing" in Tang Dynasty. But every "mirror" in Tang poetry, whether gorgeous, graceful, romantic or sad, almost bears Tang Nv's longing for lovers, love or parting.

I believe it is not difficult for everyone to find that it is the ubiquitous "Luan mirror" in the Tang Dynasty, with no emotional characteristics. In the eyes of these Tang women, it seems to be the carrier of their emotional life and the "token" between them and their lovers. It is not an exaggeration to describe this cultural feature with "a mirror, a kind of love".

So what makes these ordinary "Luan mirrors" so "unusual"?

Schematic diagram of cosmetic mirror

The origin of "Luan mirror"

To put it bluntly, "Luan mirror" is an ordinary bronze mirror after all, or a bronze mirror with the theme of "husband and wife pattern", which was also called "cosmetic mirror" in ancient times. If put in modern times, it is only an indispensable "cosmetic mirror" on the dressing table of modern girls.

But in ancient times, there was no advanced glass refining technology, no advanced chemical "silver mirror reaction" theory, and no advanced electroplating technology.

Therefore, there is no way to use "mercury" and "tin" as "mercury glass mirrors", and there is no way to use "silver" or "aluminum" as "electroplated glass mirrors".

In ancient times, human beings could only take "water" as their face, that is, taking "water" as their mirror. With the changes of the times, it is inconvenient for people to face the water after they start to use bronzes, so they further make "bronze mirrors" according to the idea of "worrying about water". -Zhuangzi

Schematic diagram of "copper basin" containing water

The "Jian" here is not what we usually call "identification", "evaluation" and "appreciation" in modern times. According to the explanation of "a woman Taoist king gives a Taoist Li Rong", the "Jane" here should refer to a "basin", that is, a "copper basin".

Therefore, the origin of "mirror" is actually based on the ancient "copper basin full of water". Pour out the water, leaving only the washbasin. Then at the time of construction, the edge of the copper basin was deliberately removed, leaving only the "bottom of the basin" and then polished with "lead and tin" to make it shine.

Then, with the renewal and repetition of feudal system and the continuous improvement of productivity, the quality and output of Luan mirror image have also made a qualitative leap. Just like our mirror now, it has become an indispensable thing in people's homes.

Picture description of bronze mirror cultural relics

However, both the historical origin and the manufacturing technology of mirrors are obviously as rare and common as modern mirrors. There is basically no reason to take such an ordinary mirror as a token.

Just like we are modern people, when we can't talk about the separation of men and women, let them look in the mirror more every day. You can imagine what the scene will look like.

This means that Tang Nv Biography uses Luan Ge as the carrier of "emotional life", and there must be other reasons. Accurately speaking, this reason is not "Luan mirror", but "Couple tattoo" on the frame or back of "Luan mirror".

Illustration of Luan bird portrait

Love songs embody the essence of women's emotional life in Tang Dynasty.

"Shuo Wen Jie Zi" and "Shan Hai Jing" record: "There are birds in the daughter mountain in the southwest of 300 miles, such as Zhai and Luan, and the world is peaceful."

During the years of Xishan Jing, there was also a record of Luan Bird. In other words, the mythical characteristics of the phoenix, which is also a "phoenix bird", make it have different meanings at the beginning of the legend. Coupled with the common feudal superstition of the ancients, "Luan Bird" gradually evolved from a fictional character of the ancients to a symbol of "auspiciousness", which has certain symbolic significance.

In addition, because the phoenix bird also belongs to the phoenix, with the changes of the times, people began to give the phoenix another name. Husband and wife use "harmony between husband and wife" to express the harmony between husband and wife.

But because of "Phoenix Emperor, Ren Rui, Ghost Bird, too. If men are "phoenix", then "Luan" naturally becomes the best carrier of metaphor "beauty". -"Poetry Daya Bay Volume"

For example, Lu Chu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, described in "The Interpretation of Guangya Birds" that "it is fortunate that Qin Jin used it to teach couples to decorate their buildings in the morning." This is undoubtedly the true embodiment of the metaphor of beauty with "Luan".

Schematic diagram of sunflower mirror with double Luan problem

Therefore, due to the unique symbolic meaning of "husband and wife", it became the most common decorative pattern in the Tang Dynasty, which was embodied in clothes, bronze mirrors, stone carvings, gold and silver vessels, jade articles and many other items. Just like the "double reading glasses", "double flying glasses" and "double reading glasses" in Shaanxi History Museum.

In short, Luan Ge bears the essence of women's emotional life in Tang Dynasty, but in fact it is a unique form of "husband and wife mode", its mysterious origin and a series of auspicious meanings derived from it, such as longevity, auspiciousness, peace, love and happiness.

Just as Li Qunyu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, described in Make-up that "I have seen two bear dancing mirrors, and Qi Fei welcomes the spring", this is undoubtedly a true portrayal of the emotional life of women in the Tang Dynasty under the "husband-and-wife mode".

Illustrations of ancient brides

For example, the phrase "many marital frictions" mentioned earlier is precisely because of the auspicious symbolic meaning of "husband and wife", which makes women almost have to get married in feudal times. The reason why the author wants to say "love in the mirror" is also this reason.

Couple-themed mirrors were very easy to buy at that time. Cheaper than clothes and other fragile items, more suitable for long-term preservation. Luan Jing has naturally become the first choice for ordinary women to pursue happy love and marriage.

After all, things like gold and silver are too expensive for ordinary Tang Nv to afford; Stone carving is rare, and most people have no carving skills; Even if you don't wear clothes, you will inevitably get some damage after a long time, right?

Sketch of figure painting in Tang Dynasty

Women in the Tang Dynasty were less bound by feudal ethics.

In addition, influenced by the prosperity, openness and freedom of the Tang Dynasty, the social status of women in the Tang Dynasty was unique in the feudal era, and it was rarely influenced by the feudal ethics of "men are superior to women".

They can make public appearances, walk out of the boudoir, take to the streets, freely enter and leave public places, and participate in various entertainment and social activities like men at that time.

Of course, the communication between men and women is naturally different from most regimes in feudal times. Even many women didn't see their husbands for the first time until their wedding night.

As Gao, the former editor-in-chief of the Academic Research Center of the National Museum of China, wrote in the book "Regret for the Past", "Unmarried women have a good personal relationship,

Almost all women in the Tang Dynasty, from aristocratic women to boudoir ladies and farm women, can boldly express their love for their "Prince Charming". They pursue the freedom of love and marriage, which shows the unique courage and initiative enthusiasm of women in the feudal era of Tang Dynasty.

Then, because of this colorful "emotional life", a series of feelings such as love, missing, parting and sadness have emerged. Of course, they need to find something that can make them let go of their emotions and then pour out their feelings for comfort.

Under this background, Luan Ge entered the field of vision of every woman in the Tang Dynasty, and became the "representation" of their "emotional life" through publicity, grace, romance and sadness.

The reason why the ancients divided Luan Jing into two to symbolize the separation of husband and wife, or used the second reincarnation to compare the practice and concept of husband and wife reunion, is actually because Luan Jing gradually gained this special "cultural symbolic significance" in the development of the times.

The defense intelligence agency asked for photos and illustrations.

It is no longer an ordinary mirror, but a cultural symbol, which marks the "love view" of ancient women. This is an "eternal souvenir" that can spread their "love" through the ages. From this point of view, it is not worse than Dia, which symbolizes eternal love. Of course, we don't talk about value here, just about meaning.

Concluding remarks

Luan Jing is like this. It is inextricably linked with the "husband and wife model" and has become the carrier of women's emotional life in the Tang Dynasty. Its function is no longer like the necessary "dressing mirror" for girls now, but just looking in the mirror, and it also plays a "symbolic" social function.

It is for this reason that countless ancient poets can leave many well-known poems and songs to future generations, which has become one of the channels for us to explore the life track and emotional life of the ancients.

As the saying goes, "the phoenix keeps a grudge, and the heart of a hundred years old is unbearable." If Hongzi meets the Sui Dynasty, he will look for it again for no reason. " Perhaps there is a beautiful and elegant love story of an ancient woman behind the "Luan Song" that has been handed down to this day. -"The pen is red and the ears are solid"