What is his complete and unconditional translation?

"Integrity" comes from "On Lutz". There are 30 articles, including On Zhang Zhiguo, Confucius' Educational Thought and Personal Moral Cultivation. The idea of "harmony but difference" can be realized by cultivating and improving quality.

original text

Lutz asked about politics. Confucius said, "Work comes first." Please benefit 2. Say, "Never get tired."

To annotate ...

(1) work first: first, guidance and guidance, that is, education; Refers to people. Walk in front of ordinary people and let them work hard.

② Benefits: Please add some.

3 tireless: tireless, not lax.

translate

Lutz asked how to manage political affairs. Confucius said, "Walk in front of the common people and make them industrious." Lutz asked to speak more. Confucius said, "Don't slack off."

original text

13.2 Zhonggong was killed by Ji and asked about politics. Confucius said, "First, we should be divided, forgive petty crimes and cultivate talents." He said, "How do you know a talented person and how to do it?" Yue: "As you know." If you don't know, what can you give up? "

To annotate ...

There is a department: an official in charge of specific affairs in ancient times.

② The consonant of the word Zhu: "".

translate

Zhong Gong became Ji's retainer and asked how to manage political affairs. Confucius said: "First of all, let the officials in charge of specific affairs take responsibility, forgive their minor mistakes, and select talented people to take their posts." Zhong Gong asked again, "How do you know that they are talented people and choose them?" Confucius said, "Choose what you know, but as for what you don't know, will others bury it?"

original text

13.3 Lutz said: "Wei Jun (1) and other sub-disciplines, the sub-disciplines must be satirized first (2)." Confucius said, "You must also correct your name." Lutz said, "Yes, I am, and I am pedantic! Xi Zheng Qi? " Confucius said, "Yes, yes! A gentleman doesn't know what he knows, but makes up for it. Incorrect names and words are not fluent; Words are not smooth, things are not smooth; If you can't do it, you will be happy; Rites and music are not prosperous, and the punishment is not 6; If the punishment is not correct, the people will be at a loss. Therefore, a gentleman's name must be said, and words must be feasible. " A gentleman's words mean nothing to him. "

To annotate ...

① Wei Jun: Wei, whose name is Mo, is the grandson. His father Kuaiqin was expelled from Wei Linggong. After Wei Linggong's death, Kuaimo succeeded to the throne. Kuaiqin wanted to go back to China to compete for the throne, but Kuaimo refused. Here, Confucius put forward his own views on this matter.

②Xi(xρ): What?

3 name correction: name correction point.

4 pedantic: pedantic.

⑤ Lack: Same as "lack", which means suspicious.

6. China people: Appropriate.

⑦ Gou: You are average.

translate

Lutz said to Confucius, "Wei wants you to govern the country. What are you going to do first? " Confucius said, "First of all, we should correct our name." Lutz said, "Has anyone ever done this? What you think is so inappropriate. How can this name be right? " Confucius said, "Zhong You is really wild. A gentleman is always skeptical about what he doesn't know. Without a proper name, it is unreasonable to speak. You can't do anything without being nice. Nothing can be done, and music can't be promoted. If rites and music cannot flourish, the execution of punishment will not be done well. I don't know what to do if the punishment is not appropriate. Therefore, the military posture must be named, it must be clear, and it will make sense. " Your son never pays attention to his words and deeds. "

Comment and analysis

The central issue mentioned in the above three chapters is how to enter politics. The first two chapters say that politicians should set an example. To ask the people to do something, politicians should first tell the people and let them know the national policy, which is what Confucius said to guide the people. But the most important issue in these three chapters is "correcting the name". "Correcting the name" is an integral part of Confucius' thought of "ceremony". The specific content of name rectification is "Jun Jun, minister, father and son". Only by "correcting the name" can we "speak freely" and the next thing will be solved.

original text

Fan Chi, please learn about crops. Confucius said, "I am not as good as an old farmer." Please learn to be a nursery. He said, "I am not as good as the old nursery." Leave Fan Chi. Confucius said, "Little Xu Fan! If you give a good gift, the people will not dare to be disrespectful; If you are just, then the people dare not refuse; With good letters, the people dare not be indifferent. " If my husband is like this, people all over the world will bear the burden of children. How do we use crops? "

To annotate ...

① Garden (p incarnation): vegetable field, extended to grow vegetables.

2 Use affection: affection, affection. Treat it sincerely.

(qi ǐ n is carrying a baby basket.

translate

Fan Chi asked Confucius how to grow crops. Confucius said, "I am not as good as an old farmer." Fan Chi also asked how to grow vegetables. Confucius said, "I am not as good as an old vegetable farmer." After Fan Chi withdrew, Confucius said, "Fan Chi is really a nobody. As long as the superior pays attention to etiquette, the old surname dare not be rude; As long as the superior is righteous, the old surname does not dare to disobey; As long as the top person pays attention to the letter, the old surname will not dare to treat you unreasonably. " If so, hundreds of people will come to this country from all over the world with their children on their backs. Why do they need to grow their own crops? "

Comment and analysis

Confucius rudely accused Fan Chi, who wanted to learn to grow crops and vegetables, of being a villain, which clearly showed his educational thought. In his view, where people in high positions need to learn the knowledge of planting crops and vegetables, it is enough to pay attention to etiquette and faithfulness. He trained students not to grow crops and vegetables, but to be an official in politics. In the era of Confucius, after all, few people received education, and workers could engage in agricultural production as long as they had sufficient physical strength, and the purpose of education was to cultivate the knowledge and knowledge of unified governance. Therefore, the purpose of Confucius' education is not to train laborers. This was relatively reasonable under the historical conditions at that time.

original text

13.5 Confucius said: "recite 300 poems and teach them to be political, not up to ①; Make it all-round, not just for 2. " Although there are many, I still think ③ is the best choice. "

To annotate ...

① Arrival: Tongda. This means that you can use it.

2 Special answer: Independent answer.

3 collocation: use.

translate

Confucius said, "Recite 300 chapters of the Book of Songs and let him take charge of political affairs, but he knows nothing;" Let him be a diplomat, he can't do it alone. What's the use of memorizing a lot? "

Comment and analysis

Poetry is also one of the main contents taught by Confucius. He teaches students to recite poems, not only to recite poems, but to use the ideas of poems to guide political and governance activities. Confucianism does not advocate rote learning, but applies what it has learned to social practice.

original text

13.6 Confucius said: "It is right but not ordered; Although he disobeyed orders, he was not upright. "

translate

Confucius said: "If you are right, even if you don't give orders, ordinary people will do it;" "If they are not correct, even if they give orders, the people will not obey."

original text

13.7 Confucius said: "Lu Wei's government is also a brother."

translate

Confucius said, "The politics of Lu and Wei are like the politics of brothers and sisters."

Comment and analysis

Lu is the fief, Wei is the fief of Kang Shu, and Kang Shu are brothers. At that time, the political situation of the two countries was somewhat similar. So Confucius said that the state affairs of Lu and Wei are like brothers and sisters.

original text

13.8 The son called Wei Gongzi Jing: "Have a good sleep. At first, he said, "Make love." Rare, say' if it's over. If you are rich, you will say, "If you are beautiful." "

translate

Confucius commented on his son Jing: "He is good at managing money at home. When he started to accumulate a little money, he said,' Enough is enough';" After a while, he said,' That's a lot of money'; When he was rich, he said,' It's perfect.' "

original text

13.9 son, ran has a servant. Confucius said, "What a pity!" You Ran said, "If you are ordinary, why bother?" Say, "Rich." He said, "If you have money, why bother?" He said, "Teach it."

To annotate ...

(1) Ordinary: many.

translate

Confucius went to defend his country, but Ran had a car. Confucius said, "There are many people!" You Ran said, "What if there are more people?" Confucius said, "Make it rich." What should I do if I have money? "Educate them."

original text

13 10 Confucius said, "If you are useful to me, it only takes one month and three years to succeed."

translate

Confucius said, "If someone uses me to govern the country, it will be successful in one year and effective in three years."

original text

13 1 1 Confucius said, "A good man can be a country for a hundred years, but he can also be defeated and killed." Sincerity is words! "

translate

Confucius said, "After a hundred years, we can abolish cruelty, abolish punishment and punish." That's right! "

Comment and analysis

Confucius said that it takes a good man a hundred years to "win and kill" and reach the realm he thinks. In fact, from the original meaning of this sentence, good people practice "rule by virtue", but it does not exclude the necessary means of punishment. This is not dispensable in real political activities.

original text

13 12 Confucius said, "Where there is a monarch, there will be death."

translate

Confucius said, "If there is a wise leader, it will take 30 years before benevolent government can be implemented."

original text

13 13 Confucius said, "If you are honest, what is the political significance?" "If you can't be honest, what about honesty?"

translate

Confucius said, "If you are honest, what's wrong with governing the country?" If you are not upright, how can you make everyone upright? "

original text

13 14 Ranzi retired from the DPRK. Confucius said, "Make peace?" Right: "There is politics." Confucius said, "Of course. If there is a government, I will listen, although I don't. "

translate

When Ran asked for a retreat, Confucius said, "Why did you come back so late?" Ran Qiu said, "Is there politics? Things. " Confucius said, "It's just a general thing. If there is a political problem, I will know even if the monarch doesn't need me. "

original text

13 15 ding gong asked, "what can rejuvenate the country with one word?" Confucius said to him, "I can't say, it's nothing." People say,' it's hard for a monarch, but it's hard for a minister.' If you knew it was difficult to be a monarch, wouldn't you be successful in almost one sentence? "Yue:" What is the reason for losing your country in a word? Confucius said, "If you can't say anything, there is nothing." . People say,' If you are unhappy, you are king. Only what you say, don't violate it. "If it is good, don't mind, wouldn't it be great? If you don't do well, you won't violate it. Didn't you almost lose your country in one sentence? "

translate

Lu Dinggong asked, "A word can prosper the country. Is there such a saying? " Confucius replied: "There can't be such a writing, but there is a writing close to it. Some people say,' it's hard for a monarch, but it's hard for a minister.' If you know the difficulty of being king, isn't this close to a sentence that can make the country prosperous? "LuDingGong asked," a word can ruin the country. Is this happening? "Confucius replied:" It is impossible to have such words, but there are almost such words. Someone once said,' I have nothing to be happy about being a monarch. I am glad that no one dares to go against what I said. If you are right, wouldn't it be nice if no one resisted? If you say something wrong and no one resists, isn't this close to a sentence that can ruin the country? "

Comment and analysis

Confucius actually gave a positive answer to Lu's question. He suggested that Ding Gong should be kind and polite, and not get carried away because the monarch said something that no one dared to disobey. This is noteworthy. As a superior ruler, if an idea or a sentence is improper, it may lead to the extinction of the country and the world.

original text

Ye Gong asked about politics. Confucius said, "Those who are near are happy, and those who are far away come."

translate

Lord Ye asked Confucius how to manage political affairs. Confucius said, "Let people nearby be happy and let people from far away join us."

original text

Xia Zi, the father of Ju, asked about politics. Confucius said, "Haste makes waste." Haste makes waste, but if you see small profits, you will lose big things. "

To annotate ...

Juxian County: A city in Shandong Province, located in Juxian County.

translate

Ju's father is the general manager. He asked Confucius how to manage political affairs. Confucius said, "Don't be eager for quick success and instant benefit, and don't be greedy for small profits." It is impossible to achieve the goal of quick success and instant benefit, and it is impossible to achieve great things by coveting small profits. "

Comment and analysis

"Haste makes waste" runs through the idea of argument, that is, standing things can be transformed into each other. Confucius asked Xia Zi not to be eager for quick success and instant benefit in politics, otherwise he would not be able to achieve his goal. Don't covet small profits, or you can't do great things.

original text

13. 18 Ye Gong Yu Confucius said: "Our party is straight, its father is busy with sheep, and its son proves it." Confucius said: "The straightness of our party is that the father is the son and the son is the father, which is straight."

To annotate ...

1 straight bow: frank and straightforward. Busy: stealing.

translate

Lord Ye said to Confucius, "There are upright people in my hometown. My father stole sheep, but my son turned him in. " Confucius said, "There are different upright people in my hometown: the father keeps secrets for his son, and the son keeps secrets for his father, and integrity is among them."

original text

Ask Ren. Confucius said, "Respect the family, respect the deacons and be loyal to others." Although it is humiliating, it can't be abandoned. "

translate

Fan Chi asked what is benevolence. Confucius said, "Ordinary people behave themselves at home, do things strictly, recognize the truth clearly, and be loyal and sincere to others. Even if you go to the land of Yidi, you can't abandon it. "

Comment and analysis

Confucius' explanation of "benevolence" here is based on the three virtues of "respect", "respect" and "loyalty" Respect and courtesy at home is to meet the moral requirements of filial piety; Being careful is in line with the requirements of "courtesy"; Treating others with sincerity, treating others with sincerity, is the true nature of benevolence.

original text

13.20 zi gong asked, "what kind of person is this?" Confucius said, "If you do something wrong, you can be regarded as a scholar."

He said, "I dare to ask." "The clan calls it filial piety, and the township party calls it brother."

He said, "I dare to ask." He said: "You must keep your promise, and your actions will have results, but you are a despicable person!" " It can be the second time. "

He said, "What about politicians today?" Confucius said, "Hey!" There are not enough people fighting (4)? "

To annotate ...

Scholar: Scholar was at the bottom of the nobility in the Zhou Dynasty. Since then, scholars have become a general term for intellectuals in ancient society.

2 fruit: decisive and resolute.

(3) Destroy (K275Nɡ): Onomatopoeic words, the sound of knocking on stones. As hard as a stone.

(4) shāo people: people with small means.

translate

Zi Gong asked, "How can I be called a scholar?" Confucius said, "I feel ashamed to do things." I can be called a scholar abroad and can complete the mission entrusted by the monarch. "

Zigong said, "What about the inferior ones?" Confucius said, "People in the clan praise him for being filial to his parents, and villagers call him a respected brother."

Zi Gong asked again, "Excuse me, who is waiting?" Confucius said: "When you say you will do it, you must stick to it, no matter right or wrong, you must stick to your opinion.". That's a little man. But it can also be said to be a second-class taxi. "

Zi Gong said, "What do you think of politicians now?" Confucius said, "Alas!" How can you count these narrow and small people? "

Comment and analysis

The "scholar" in Confucius' concept is, first of all, a person who has a sense of shame, does not disgrace your life and can undertake a certain national mission. Secondly, people who are filial to their parents and obedient to their brothers and sisters. Third, it is a person who "keeps his word". As for being a politician, he thinks he is a narrow-minded person, not a scholar at all. He trained scholars with the first two qualities.

original text

13.2 1 Confucius said: "If you don't go to the Bank of China, you will be angry with it!" Crazy people make progress, stubborn people make a difference. "

To annotate ...

Bank of China: Behavior conforms to the golden mean.

(2) juàn: Be cautious and do something wrong.

translate

Confucius said, "I can't find anyone to associate with." I can only associate with crazy people and stubborn people. " Crazy people dare to do things, but stubborn people refuse to do some things. "

Comment and analysis

"Madness" and "stubbornness" are two diametrically opposite qualities. First, reckless, aggressive, aggressive; One is to retreat and dare not act. Confucius believed that the Bank of China was neither biased nor impartial. People's temperament, style and virtue are not biased towards any one aspect, and the opposing sides should contain and complement each other, which is in line with the mediocre thinking.

original text

13.22 Confucius said: "There is a saying in the south,' A man without perseverance should not be a witch doctor'." Fu Shan!'

"If you don't keep your virtue, you will be ashamed of it." Confucius said, "Do not occupy ③."

To annotate ...

Witch doctor: A person who uses divination to cure diseases.

(2) Don't take virtue as a constant, or be ashamed of virtue: these two sentences are quoted from Yi Jing Heng Guayi Ci.

3 accounts for: divination.

translate

Confucius said, "There is a saying in the south:' You can't be a witch doctor without perseverance. "This sentence is really good!"

"People can't keep their virtue for a long time, and it is inevitable to be humiliated." Confucius said: "(This sentence means people who have no perseverance) don't need divination."

Comment and analysis

In this chapter, Confucius talked about two meanings: first, people must have perseverance in order to achieve their careers. Second, people must maintain virtue for a long time, otherwise they may be humiliated. This is his request to himself and a warning to students.

original text

13.23 Confucius said: "A gentleman is harmonious but different, and a villain is harmonious but not harmonious."

To annotate ...

(1) Harmony: The harmonious cooperation of different things is called harmony, and all aspects are different from each other.

(2) Homologous: the same things are added or mixed with people, which is called homographs. It's exactly the same in every way.

translate

Confucius said, "A gentleman does not seek peace, but a villain does not seek peace."

Comment and analysis

"Harmony without difference" is an important part of Confucius' ideological system. "A gentleman is harmonious but different, and a villain is harmonious but not harmonious." A gentleman can maintain a harmonious relationship with the people around him, but he must think independently of his own brain when dealing with anything, and never want to blindly follow suit. But the young man doesn't have his own opinions. He just wants to be completely consistent with others and doesn't talk about principles, but he can't maintain a harmonious and friendly relationship with others. This is dealing with people. In fact, on all issues, the difference between "harmony but difference" and "similarity but difference" can often be reflected. What does "harmony but difference" mean? The profound philosophy and high wisdom of Confucius' thought.

original text

13.24 zi gong asked, "the villagers are all well, so what?" Confucius said, "There is nothing I can do."

"People in the country are evil, so what?" Confucius said, "There is nothing I can do." It is not as good as the villagers, and the bad is evil. "

To annotate ...

1 Hometown: People from the same town.

translate

Zi Gong asked, "What about the person that everyone around you likes?" Confucius said, "Not good."

"What about a person whose surroundings are annoying?" Not so good. People who don't like good people and bad people around them. "

original text

13.25 Confucius said, "It is easy for a gentleman but difficult for a villain. Don't say it; And make people also, its device (3). It's easy for the villain to say something difficult. Although it doesn't matter, I also said it; " Makes people want to be prepared. "

To annotate ...

Easy: easy to get along with people.

It's hard to say: it's hard to win his joy.

(3) Implement: Use him only in quantity.

translate

Confucius said, "It's easy to do things for your son, but it's hard to enjoy it. He won't like it if he doesn't take the right path to please him; However, when he employs people, he always employs people according to their abilities. It's hard to work for a nobody, but it's easy to win his joy. If you don't take the right path to win his favor, you will get his favor; But when he employs people, he is seeking perfection. "

Comment and analysis

In this chapter, Confucius puts forward another difference between a gentleman and a villain. This is also very important. As a gentleman, he won't criticize people in every way, and he won't easily show his preferences. However, when selecting talents, he can often do what he can and not seek perfection. But little people are different. In real society, gentlemen are rare, but such little people are common.

original text

13.26 Confucius said: "A gentleman is Thai but not arrogant, and a villain is arrogant but not Thai."

translate

Confucius said, "Your son is calm and frank, but not arrogant and rude, while young people are arrogant and rude, but not calm and frank."

original text

13.27 Confucius said, "resolute and dull, dull and close to benevolence."

translate

Confucius said: "Strong, brave, simple and cautious, these four qualities are close to benevolence."

Comment and analysis

Confucius classified "benevolence" with people's simple temperament. Here, we must first be resolute and decisive, and then be cautious in words and deeds, so as to approach the highest realm of benevolence. This idea is completely consistent with Confucius' consistent thought.

original text

13.28 Luz asked, "How can you be described as a scholar?" Confucius said, "I am eager to be considerate, and I enjoy it, so I can describe it as a scholar." Friends are enthusiastic and caring, but brothers are easy to change. "

To annotate ...

(s): encourage, urge and be sincere.

② Yi Yi: She is kind, kind and obedient.

translate

Lutz asked Confucius, "How can I be called a scholar?" Confucius said, "Helping each other, encouraging each other and living in harmony can be regarded as scholars. Friends urge and encourage each other, and brothers live in harmony. "

original text

13.29 Confucius said: "A good man can teach the people for seven years, and he can be reconciled."

translate

Confucius said, "Good people can teach hundreds of families their surnames for seven years, so they can send troops to fight."

original text

13.30 Confucius said, "If you don't teach the people to fight, you will abandon them."

translate

Confucius said, "If you don't practice the old hundred surnames first, you will abandon them."

Comment and analysis

Both this chapter and the previous chapter talked about teaching hundreds of surnames to fight, from which we can see that Confucius was not completely opposed to solving some problems with military hands. He advocated that Zhang Xun should adopt hundreds of surnames, or he should abandon hundreds of surnames.