Song Dingguo's Academic Innovation

He has long been engaged in the study of philosophy, leadership science, Yi-ology, health preservation and China's traditional academic culture. He has presided over the completion of the Seventh Five-Year National Social Science Planning Project "Political Consciousness and Political Behavior of Contemporary China Youth" and the Eighth Five-Year National Social Science Planning Project "The Influence of Contemporary Western Thoughts on College Students and Countermeasures". His innovative ideas in the academic field mainly include-

First, in the late 1980s, the "Law of Conservation of Human Intelligence" was put forward, that is, the law about the relationship between human intelligence and its performance and time. Song Dingguo believes that the time for people's intelligence to produce the best benefits every day is conservative and varies from person to person. Therefore, he advocates that people should be good at exploring and grasping their best working hours every day to avoid "going too far": they can't achieve the best benefits because of lack of time, or they will get twice the result with half the effort or even fail because of blindly working overtime. "Desperate" that violates this law may create miracles, but it will also really "spell" life, thus verifying this law from the opposite side.

Secondly, the real meaning of life value and its quantitative formula are put forward for the first time. 1987 Jilin People's Publishing House published The Value of Life =! ? ! Song Dingguo pointed out that the sentence "the value of life lies in contribution" is not exact, and put forward and demonstrated that "the real meaning of life value lies in taking it from society and repaying the actual contribution", and expressed it with a simple formula for the first time-

Value of Life = Give-Actual Acquisition/Necessary Acquisition

"Giving" refers to all the contributions a person has made to society, "actual gain" refers to what he actually gets from society, and "necessary gain" refers to what ordinary people at least get from society in order to maintain their own survival and development under given social conditions. It is a constant under given social conditions. In this way, through this formula, to measure a person's life value depends not only on his contribution to society, but also on his actual achievements from society. If its actual achievement is greater than its contribution, its life value is naturally "negative"! Zhang Dainian, a famous contemporary philosopher, commented on this: "Although your book is small, it can put forward some opinions of great academic value. In life, contribution and demand are two indispensable aspects. Without comparing these two aspects, a person's value can't be evaluated clearly! You also put forward a specific evaluation formula for the value of life, which is a bold exploration! "

Three, the interpretation of "four points" and "people are the network of social relations". In Guangxi People's Publishing House 1985, the first monograph, The Revealing of Human Nature and the Establishment of Historical Materialism, Song Dingguo first put forward and explained the famous conclusions that "man is the net of social relations" and "he is the starting point, intersection, fulcrum and end point of all social relations", thus explaining Marxism. This book is regarded as one of the "Marxist philosophical circles in China" and "two representative monographs on human issues" in the 1980s.

Fourthly, it is foreseen that "the traditional dam of human ethics is crumbling under the impact of the new technological revolution;" Some dams are breaking, and some countermeasures are put forward. In the book "New Technological Revolution and Social Trends" published by Chongqing Publishing House 1987, Song Dingguo faced squarely and foresaw that "the traditional dam of human ethics is crumbling under the impact of the new technological revolution; Some dams are collapsing and breaking. " After analyzing the great impact of love, marriage, cohabitation, marriage and having children on traditional dams and the danger of collapse and breach at any time, Song Dingguo seriously pointed out: "What should people do? Hang in there? This is unwise and impossible to keep! The best way is to take advantage of the trend and take the initiative to open a few holes in the dam to let the flood flow away. "

Five, that "gossip symbol is a symbolic text". In the Book of Changes published by the Central Compilation and Publishing House 20 1 1, Song Dingguo pointed out: "In the social background where characters have not been created, the eight diagrams symbols came into being in the era from tying a rope to writing with wood." From depicting simple linear symbols to depicting geometric symbols, to depicting image symbols, and finally forming hieroglyphics. The two symbols "-"and "-"are produced in the initial stage of depicting simple linear symbols. "

Sixth, put forward a new theory of the mystery of the origin of the word "one". In the Book of Changes published by Capital Normal University in June, 2065438+2003, Song Dingguo refuted the theory of object shape (including lizard theory, vessel flooding theory, "not like a flag" theory) and "knowledge" according to the evolution of the word "one" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jinwen and Xiaozhuan. The word "Yi" put forward by Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a true imitation of the image of "cracks appear when burning tortoise shells", that is, the word "Yi" originates from the cracks that appear when burning tortoise shells, that is, it imitates the cracks that appear when burning tortoise shells. There are three main reasons for this: First, the word "Yi" is an unusual word, and the book "Yi" named after it is the first book written by China so far, and its contents are specially recorded in divination activities. Therefore, the logical judgment is that the word "Yi" originated from the initial divination activity, which was originally a true imitation of the cracked image when tortoise shells were fired. Second, the line and composition of the word "Yi" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions are also very similar to the cracks naturally formed when burning tortoise shells for divination; Third, according to the general law of Chinese character-making, it should be simple before complicated, pictographic before comprehending, pictophonetic, referring to things, transferring notes and borrowing words. Take the lizard theory as an example. The word "lizard" is a pictophonetic character, which was obviously created according to the sound of the word "yi" and the shape of the word "insect" after the word "yi" appeared. In other words, there is the word "Yi" before the word "Yi". Because the skin color of lizards changes with the color of the environment, when creating the word "lizard" visually, people see that the word "Yi" in Xiao Zhuan is very similar to the word "lizard", so they perfunctory the word "lizard" and push it forward in order, so that the word "Yi" in Jin Wen and Oracle Bone Inscriptions is also perfunctory. As for "say it next month on the last day" and "don't say it the next day", the situation is almost the same, and it goes without saying. Therefore, Song Dingguo believes that "Yi" is a very special character in Chinese characters, and its generation is different from that of ordinary Chinese characters, that is, six methods, such as pictographic characters, knowing characters, pictographic characters, referential words, annotation words and borrowed words, are not suitable for it. It's just a true imitation of the image of the crack when burning tortoise shells, or its original writing originated from the crack when burning tortoise shells. Therefore, "through the history of the word" Yi ",we can see that it is not only closely related to divination activities, but also gradually formed the book" Yi "in the long record of divination activities. "The word' Yi' is not an ordinary Chinese character, but a word that has taken root, buried and hidden the mystery of the origin of China's first book' Yi', and it is a key to uncover the mystery of the origin of' Yi'.

7. Take the lead in objectively and historically evaluating mysterious Daoism. In "Exploring Daoism" published on 20 1 1, Song Dingguo revealed the social, ideological and psychological roots of the emergence, development and mystification of Daoism from an objective and historical point of view. According to its various theoretical foundations, truth and fallacy, science and superstition, essence and dross, rationality and limitation are in arrangement, expression and deductive process. Strive to make a prudent and appropriate evaluation and enlighten people: "Any kind of academic culture in the world is in the process of continuous development and historical change. At every stage of this evolution, what each generation and everyone can do is just a wave or a drop. Waves or water drops are always limited, while streams are infinite. Without waves or water droplets, there is no flow, but finite waves or water droplets will always have inevitable limitations compared with infinite flow. Even the most beautiful' wave' or' drop' is just a small spray or a drop of water in a torrent. Taoism, like any achievement of human thought and culture, is a product of history, so it inevitably bears the brand of the times: it contains both the essence and the dross of a certain era, which has limitations. This determines that it must exist' yes' and' no'. No matter which aspect is exaggerated, it is lost to objectivity and comprehensiveness. "

Eight, explore and summarize "Sinology", that is, "the basic law of academic and cultural development in China". In Horizon of Chinese Studies published by Capital Normal University Press in June, 2065438+2003, Song Dingguo summarized the basic law of China's academic and cultural development as "connecting the preceding with the following, combining internal and external, and making comprehensive innovations". Among them,' all-round innovation' is the axis, while' linking the past and the present' and' integrating the inside and the outside' are two wheels, so this basic law can be visualized as' one axis and two wheels'.

Nine, the disadvantages caused by the three fetishism and the exploration of waste into waste. In 1988, "Three fetishism must be opposed in building socialist democratic politics" (Journal of China Youth University for Politics, No.05, 1988), Song Dingguo analyzed the process from natural religion to artificial religion, to political worship, power worship and personality worship, and pointed out that three fetishism are the basis of all social systems so far. It also discusses the import and export of reform and eradication, and calls on the world to be alert: it is a long-term and arduous task for the people of the world to eliminate the three major fetishism of politics, power and individuals and their roots.

X. exploration and generalization of the three basic laws of leadership activities. In the Teaching Outline of Scientific Practice of Leadership published by Party Building Reading Press 200 1, Song Dingguo unanimously summarized the basic laws of leadership activities into three categories by analyzing the basic contradictions and movements in leadership activities and the three essential, inevitable and stable connections, namely, "the law that leaders must adapt to and guide the led", "the requirement that leaders must adapt to tasks" and "the law that leaders must adapt to tasks".

1 1. Interpret "Sinology" and "Master of Sinology" from a new perspective. In Horizon of Sinology and Exploration of Sinology published by Capital Normal University Press in June 2065438+2003, Song Dingguo made textual research on "Sinology" and "Master of Sinology" and explained the connotation of "Sinology" from the perspective of combining history and theory. This paper expounds the basic evaluation criteria of "master of Chinese studies" from two aspects: learning and being a man are literary characters and personal characters, and points out that "learning high is a teacher and being a teacher." Therefore,' master' should be a model of learning and morality. "The reason why a' master' is a' master' is not only to look at knowledge, but also to look at works. It also depends on morality, that is, whether personality and literature, literature and personality are unified, that is, whether it belongs to the stream of' moral articles' in which personality and literature are integrated. "The' Master of Chinese Studies' is a very weighty reputation and a dazzling laurel that no one can wear. The' master of Chinese studies' praised by people now is actually just a historian and a historian of philosophy. This is only as far as his knowledge is concerned. As far as' teachers' morality is concerned, many people have more problems and are farther away from' masters of Chinese studies'! "

12. Re-interpret Laozi according to the version of Laozi on Guodian bamboo slips. From the perspective of Chinese studies, Song Dingguo criticized the myth of deifying Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period, pointing out that "Laozi is a human being, not a fairy"; The handed down version of Laozi, that is, the 81 chapters of Tao Te Ching, is not the original version of Laozi, so it is not advisable to interpret Laozi according to the handed down version of Laozi. The Guodian version of Laozi is recognized by the academic circles as the version closest to the original version of Laozi so far. According to this version, Lao Tzu does not blindly advocate "passive inaction", but advocates "helping others with Tao", that is, "positive and promising". Emphasizing "inaction" is not necessarily negative, and "promising" is not necessarily positive! "

Thirteen, pointed out that the so-called "half-part Analects of Confucius governs the world" and "history is not credible". From the perspective of Chinese studies, Song Dingguo pointed out through careful textual research that the so-called "half of the Analects of Confucius governs the world" and "history is not credible" that is, there is no historical basis, "the constantly refurbished' new Confucianism' is getting farther and farther away from the original Confucianism" and "the honor enjoyed by future generations makes Confucius' grave uneasy! "

Fourteen, clearly pointed out that the so-called "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion to' oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone'" is false. From the perspective of Chinese studies, Song Dingguo, based on detailed historical materials and documents, agreed with Professor Sun Jingtan's query that the so-called "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion to oust a hundred schools of thought and revere Confucianism alone", and clearly pointed out that this statement was wrong. "In the 300 years after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, both heresy, including fairy magic, and various academic studies that pay attention to practicality have made great progress, and their achievements in many fields are ahead of the world at that time. This historical fact shows that the so-called "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" did not exist in the whole Han Dynasty. Judging from the development of academic culture, the Han Dynasty was relatively loose. There was neither Qin Shihuang's' burning books to bury Confucianism' nor Lian Mian's bloody' literary prison'. " It is a great academic lie for Yi Baisha, a beginner in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, to perfunctory "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect six arts alone" as "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone".

Fifth, it is inappropriate to point out that Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have been juxtaposed for a long time. Song Dingguo pointed out in the book "The Origin of Chinese Studies" published by Capital Normal University Press in June 20 13 that the statement of the confluence of Confucianism and Taoism is not appropriate for a long time: "First, the expression of Confucianism and Taoism itself contains confusion in connotation and logic. According to the usual understanding, among the three, Buddhism and Taoism are religions, while Confucianism is regarded by some people and by others. If we regard it as "Confucianism" and compare it with Buddhism and Taoism, it is obviously illogical and easy to cause ambiguity. However, if we regard it as "Confucianism" and mention it together with Buddhism and Taoism, although it is logical, it violates historical facts. Because there is no Confucianism in China. " "Strictly speaking, the so-called' Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism' actually includes four academic and cultural systems: two studies (Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism) and two religions (Buddhism and Taoism). However, so far, it seems that the academic community has not given due recognition and attention to this, and wrong and vague users abound. " "Second, China's ancient academic culture after the Han Dynasty can never be covered by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Not to mention astronomy, calendar, geography, water conservancy, mathematics, agronomy, medicine, textiles, architecture, smelting, brewing, transportation and other practical academic cultures. Even mysterious academic cultures such as Yi Xue and Shu, which are widely circulated and influential among the people, are excluded. "

Sixteen, it is pointed out that "academic omission of traditional Chinese medicine" is a major defect in China's academic research. From the perspective of Chinese studies, Song Dingguo took "Neglected Chinese Medicine Academic" as a special chapter, focusing on "Philosophical Achievements of Chinese Medicine Academic", "China Health Preservation with a long history and fruitful results", "Sun Simiao, an academic master in Sui and Tang Dynasties", "Four Scholars in Jin and Yuan Dynasties", "A hundred schools of thought contend in the history of Chinese medicine" and "epoch-making".

17. For the first time, Journey to the West, the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Dream of Red Mansions were regarded as "visual masterpieces of Chinese studies". Song Dingguo pointed out in his book Horizon of Chinese Studies that the "Chinese Studies" contained in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the deepest among the three masterpieces. We can not only see the profound connotation of Confucianism, but also the profound connotations of Yin and Yang, military strategists, Taoism, Taoism and Buddhism, as well as the theory of fame and fortune, Buddhism, astronomy, calendar, geography, mathematics, medicine, agriculture and so on. "Compare the main place names and their geographical locations in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms with the current map, which is basically consistent with the facts." Luo Guanzhong is an encyclopedic scholar. Or in the words of modern people, he is a veritable' master of Chinese studies'. "The Journey to the West, as a mythical novel, describes the story of Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures, which naturally contains profound contents of Buddhism and Buddhist thought and theory. But it also describes the thoughts and theories of Taoism, Taoism, Confucianism, Yin and Yang schools and other academic and cultural schools, which are very colorful, and these thoughts and theories are also displayed through vivid characterization and ups and downs of the story, so they are equally convincing and infectious. China's traditional academic culture with Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism as its core has been fully and vividly displayed and spread through The Journey to the West, which has a far-reaching influence and spread all over the world, especially favored by generations of children. This shows that the author Wu Cheng'en is also a master of "Chinese studies" and literary creation. A Dream of Red Mansions, as a historical novel different from Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is detached from the historical background and full of romantic creativity, from laws and regulations, moral principles, cultural education, religious temples, traditional Chinese medicine to ideas and even customs. From garden architecture, arts and crafts, cooking and catering, to traditional opera music, and even games and entertainment, everything is available. The traditional academic culture of China embodied in it is mainly based on Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and at the same time absorbs and integrates other ideas (such as ci writers, doctors, mathematicians, etc. ) In short, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions are characterized by the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and hundred schools of thought in China's traditional academic culture, that is, "Chinese studies", which are reflected and reflected in the form of kaleidoscope, showing extremely profound "Chinese studies" and thus can be regarded as "visualization".

Eighteen, create a "comprehensive theory (science)". After more than 20 years' gestation, investigation and conception, Song Dingguo put forward the "synthesis theory" on the basis of the "new three theories", namely synergetic theory, dissipative structure theory, catastrophe theory, operational research, system engineering, information fusion, comprehensive integration and network theory, and explored the motivation behind Haken's "self-organization" and "coordination and cooperation" of things, and gave an answer today. His comprehensive theory is based on three basic principles: first, nature itself has the abilities of self-coordination, self-cooperation, self-repair, self-organization, self-control, self-balance, self-stability and self-improvement, that is, natural comprehensive force; Second, nature has given its comprehensive natural power to everything in the world, including human beings; Third, the unique dynamic comprehensive power of science, which benefits from the unique cognitive system with the human brain as the main body, is the sublimation of natural comprehensive power and the source of innovation, that is, discovery, invention, creation, entrepreneurship and innovation, thus telling people a common truth, that is, they may not be conscious, abandoning the vague understanding that entrepreneurship and innovation belong to only a few "elites", making everyone become spontaneous and conscious, and then become passive.