The manifestation of Shuishu custom

Shui Shu is a unique budding script created by the ancestors of Shui people, which is called Lu Sui in the language of Shui people (Lu Sui means writing, Sui means Shui Jia, and Lu Sui means Shui Jia's script or Shui Jia's book). It is a comprehensive record and reflection of the folk knowledge and culture of the Shui people, involving astronomy.

The writing symbol system of Shuishu is unique, including a Chinese character similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions on bronze, countless pictographs, and pictures with paragraphs to express meaning. It has a small number of words (only a few hundred words) and a unique writing symbol system. Words can't express their meaning independently. It depends on Mr. Shuishu, who has a relationship between master and apprentice, that is, a "sacrificial teacher" (all men) who can read Shuishu. According to the relevant items contained in Shui Shu, it is meaningful to explain it in combination with oral content. Therefore, for thousands of years, Shuishu has been handed down by generations of Shuishu teachers in the form of oral and handwritten copies. It is a combination of ancient Shui characters and oral and oral cultural heritage. Shuishu originated from the ancient "Baiyue" clan. Shuishu settlement is located at the southern foot of Miao Ling Mountain in the southeast of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and at the upper reaches of Liu Du and Longjiang River. With dense forests and picturesque scenery, it is suitable for the development of agriculture and forestry. It is the land of plenty and flowers in Guizhou Plateau. Shui people are good at farming, mainly planting rice. Shui people have an ancient writing "Shui Shu".

Shui people have their own views on the origin of Shui characters. One of the legends: Shui characters were created by Lu Duogong, the ancestor of Shui people. According to legend, it took him six years to create words. At the beginning, there were a lot of boxes with water characters piled up in one room. Later, the emperor sent a general to burn the house with water books. Duke Lu was afraid of being calculated by the emperor again, so he put the words into his stomach by memory. Legend 2: Six old people, including Lu Duogong, learned Shuishu from the immortal, who was puzzled by all kinds of animals, birds and utensils in Shuishu area. After six years of study, six old people finally learned this lesson and carried it on bamboo and cloth. On the way home, Lu Sui was robbed. In order to avoid being murdered again, from memory, Lu Guogong deliberately wrote with his left hand and changed his handwriting. He also wrote some words upside down, upside down or added and subtracted strokes to form a special water script. Classification of Shuishu The structure of Shuishu can be roughly divided into the following three types: first, hieroglyphics, some of which are similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions on bronze; The second is imitation of Chinese characters, that is, reverse writing, reverse writing or changing the writing method of Chinese characters, and the third is religious characters, that is, various password symbols representing the primitive religion of the Shui people. The writing form is vertical from right to left, without punctuation.

As far as its nature is concerned, Shuishu can be divided into two categories: auspicious and fierce. Its catalogue can be divided into reading books, reading books, palm books, time books, directional books, star books and so on. Reading aloud is the basic reading material for learning Shuishu. Reading is the main part of Shui Shu and the main basis for choosing various auspicious days. There are more than 40 lucky items, such as Dai Wang, Gao Gui and Ghost Ben, and nearly 600 bad items, such as ghost, ghost fire, Xiao Hua and Duju. Shuishu is known as the encyclopedia of aquarium. Funeral, sacrifice, marriage, architecture, tourism, divination and production of Shui nationality are all based on Shui calligraphy, and then strictly abide by its constraints, thus forming the custom of Shui calligraphy. Shuishu inherited the unique character symbol system of Shuishu, including a Chinese character similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions on bronze, numerous pictographs, and pictures with paragraphs to express meanings. It has a small number of words (only a few hundred words) and a unique writing symbol system. Words can't express their meaning independently. It depends on Mr. Shuishu, who has a relationship between master and apprentice, that is, a "sacrificial teacher" (all men) who can read Shuishu. The text of Shui Shu can only be interpreted by Mr. Shui Shu according to the relevant items contained in Shui Shu and the oral content.

Shuishu was handed down by Shuishu teachers in the past dynasties in the form of oral and handwritten manuscripts, and it is a combination of ancient Shui characters and oral cultural heritage. The combination of Mr. Shui Shu and Shui Shu is an important prerequisite for inheriting the traditional culture of Shui nationality.

Shuishu custom is the formation, development and inheritance of Shuishu, which constitutes a custom related to the life of Shui people. The inheritance of the custom of Shuishu has formed two parts of Shuishu: one part is a manuscript compiled with the original ancient characters of Shui people, and the other part is orally taught by Mr. Shuishu to make up for a large number of essentials, ceremonies and greetings that cannot be recorded because of the imperfect development of characters.

There are many volumes of Shuishu, mainly reading volumes and application volumes, each with more than ten kinds. The Mirror of Ten Thousand Years, known as the encyclopedia of the Shui people, is divided into three parts: upper, middle and lower, with a total of 844 pages and a total of 36 16 entries. Wannian Jing was identified as1661-1722 (Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty). Its contents involve ancient astronomical calendar, meteorology, religious belief, folk ethics, linguistics, philology, philosophy and so on. And profound, it is the most extensive and abundant ancient information in the known water book. Another book, The Master of Yin and Yang, is a colorful picture with pictures and texts. The book was written in 1875- 1908 (Guangxu period of Qing dynasty), and its content is full of philosophy. This book has 59 pages and 5 colors. The figures, buildings, cows, horses, dragons, snakes, birds and animals in the painting are lifelike, with vivid and ingenious colors, which reflects the symbol of the ancient Shui people's pursuit of a better life and better culture and art. The "Ruyi Divination Card" is unique and the only one found in China. There are dozens of playing cards, with various characters and other shapes painted on them, which were used by ancient Shui people when they went out, did business, got married and got married. In addition, the four volumes of Shui Shu, which was later cracked, also revealed the ancient lifestyle of the Shui people. Calendar is a volume in which the ancestors of Shui people used astronomical calendar knowledge to infer and predict good and bad luck in funeral. "Time Volume" is a secret book of water script, and it is a volume that expounds the ancient theory of Yin and Yang according to the theory of five elements and the theory of heavenly luck. Shouyinjuan is a volume in which the ancestors of Shui people highly summarized the contradiction between animal life habits and human life reality according to the animism, and sought good fortune and avoided evil. Jintang Juan is an auspicious scroll chosen by the ancestors of the Shui people. The value of Shui Shu is usually considered as a kind of witchcraft book. The manufacturing time of Shuishu is very old. Some scholars speculate that the origin of Shui Shu can be traced back to Zhixia generation, and "Shui Shu has a certain marriage relationship with Oracle Bone Inscriptions, an ancient Yin people". The place where Shuishu was made was "first in the northwest, then introduced into Jiangxi from the north, and then moved from Jiangxi to Guizhou Province". Water books include heavenly stems, earthly branches, eight diagrams, astronomical phenomena, solar terms, birds, animals, fish and insects, physical features, titles of genera, numbers, directions and so on. These characters are recorded in the local chronicles of Duyun and Sandu counties. The form is very old, much like Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty and ancient seal script. In early manuscripts, hydrology was written with bamboo tips dipped in ink, but in recent manuscripts, it has been written with a brush, some of which are pictographic, and some are written backwards, obliquely or backwards in regular script. Some ghost teachers also write some secret words, which are called "anti-books" and "secret words".

The dates, directions, omens of good or bad luck and methods of exorcising ghosts and evil spirits recorded in Shui Shu are mostly based on appropriate years, avoiding the date of the month and using omens of songs or things to express their good or bad luck, so they are often used as tools for wizards to perform rituals. It is only because Shui people believe in ghosts and gods that Shui calligraphy is widely used. The unique function of Shuishu promotes the inheritance of the worship of ghosts and gods of Shui people from generation to generation. Apart from a large number of primitive religious beliefs, Shui Shu also contains astronomical phenomena, calendar data and ancient Shui Shu characters that need to be excavated and deciphered urgently. The astronomical phenomena and calendar data reflected in Shui Shu are extremely precious historical and cultural heritage. Some of its basic theories, such as the Nine Planets, Twenty-eight Nights, Eight Diagrams and Nine Palaces, heavenly stems and earthly branches, the Sun, Moon and Five Stars, Yin and Yang and Five Elements, Sixty Jiazi, Four Seasons and Five Sides, the Seven-Yuan Calendar System and the First Month of the Water Calendar, are the crystallization of the wisdom and art of the ancestors of the Shui people.

The carriers of ancient Shui characters that have been seen mainly include oral communication, hand-made paper, embroidery, stone carving, woodcut, ceramic forging and so on. Because of its mysterious writing structure and special use, Shuishu struggled to grow, survive and spread in this remote place by handwriting and oral communication. Because its structure is mostly pictographic, it is mainly written and described by natural things such as flowers, birds, insects and fish, as well as some totems such as dragons. So far, it still retains the information of ancient civilization and is still widely used in aquarium areas.

Ancient characters of the Shui nationality have a sacred and lofty position in the society of the Shui nationality. Even a piece of paper can't be crossed by a book that says ancient water. There are a series of specific ceremonies to sacrifice water books; When using Shuishu in major activities such as building houses, a ceremony should be held first to invite the creator of ancient Shuishu characters, Lu Duogong, to be present. It can be said that the water society attaches importance to water calligraphy and regards water calligraphy as sacred. Shuishu, a writing system with only a few hundred words, has become the spiritual pillar of a nation, supporting the history of writing and civilization of this nation. The unique charm of Shuishu lies in the following aspects: firstly, Shuishu is the inherent culture of Shui people and has its own unique writing system, which is an inseparable and important part of China ancient culture. Although this writing system is very immature and fragile, it is very mysterious that it can spread through time and space. The amount of information stored in Shuishu has gone far beyond the scope of Shuishe, and some information contained in Shuishu is helpful to unlock the connotation of ancient culture in the Central Plains. Besides, about one third of the 56 ethnic groups in China have their own languages and traditional scripts, among which the Shui nationality is one, which is worth studying. Moreover, Shui Shu is an important integration of Shui people's belief culture and a precious ancient book for studying Shui people's religious belief, astronomical calendar, philosophy, literature and art, production and life. Shui Shu reveals a legend that Shui Shu was created by a man named Lu Duogong. In Shuidong Village, Shuiyan Township, dushan county, Guizhou Province, the local Shui and Buyi people sang an ancient folk song in Buyi and Shuiyu, which translated into Chinese as follows: "Once upon a time, there was an old man named Luduo who lived in a cave all the year round. Make words on the bluestone board, and make words to measure the quality. Give up all the good times until you build your own house. There is no good life in books, so I have to live in a cave. You ask where the deep hole is, just in the water rock and water hole. " 1986 A Brief History of the Shui People claims to be more than 400 words, and A Study of the Shui People's Culture in China claims to be more than 500 words. In more than 2,000 water books consulted by experts, it is found that variant characters are mainly concentrated in 12 earthly branches, spring, summer, autumn and winter, heavenly stems and nine stars. For example, people find that there are more than 30 variants of the words "Yin" and "Mao". In addition to single words and variant characters, there are pictographs with similar paragraphs, which breaks the original view that there are only more than 400 ancient Shuishu characters. It is recognized by academic circles that Shui Shu has "affinity" with Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jin Wen. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's father Wang discovered Oracle Bone Inscriptions in 1899. Two water monuments of the Ming Dynasty were found in the Shui nationality area. And found 1488- 1505 (Hongzhi period of Ming dynasty) water calligraphy woodcut. It can be seen that Shui Shu was published after Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery, but the ancient Shui Shu existed as early as the Yin and Shang Dynasties. Later, due to two epoch-making national migration activities, the language and culture of the Shui people split from the same source, then absorbed and gradually merged. Twenty-four symbols on Xia Tao films, which have puzzled the archaeological community for many years, were identified by Guizhou Provincial Archives Bureau after the relevant units in Henan Province saw the report of Shui Shu. As a result, more than a dozen corresponding characters were found. The ancient characters of the Shui nationality are in the same strain as the cultural relics symbols of the Xia Dynasty, so it can be seen that in the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the Chinese nation included the ancestors of the Shui nationality. The mystery of Shuishu lies in its "antiquity" and "opposition". Shui Yu called Shui Shu "Lu Sui". "Lu" originated from ancient Chinese characters and is the remains of mother tongue; "Sui" is a self-proclaimed pronunciation of the Shui people, and it is a brand that originated in the Sui Valley. In the Tang Dynasty, a rich water county was set up to appease the self-proclaimed "Sui" human group, and from then on "water" replaced "Sui". This is the beginning of the central dynasty's confirmation of the Shui people, and it is also a historical witness of the evolution of the Shui people into a single nation. Shui Shu, also known as "anti-book", is not a book of rebellion. The "opposition" of Shuishu is manifested in several aspects: first, the structure of some Shuishu characters is opposite to that of Chinese characters belonging to local branches, such as "Zi, Ugly, Wu, Jiu and Wu", and their word formation methods can be reversed, sideways and reversed, and even many patterns are reversed from right to right. Secondly, the concept of Shuishu is relative, and the consciousness of God is strong. Because the original intention of creating Shuishu is to communicate with ghosts and gods, explore mysteries, deal with ghosts and gods, and talk with ghosts and gods, the symbols of gods and utensils in Shuishu classics are mixed among them. Thirdly, Shui Shu month is out of step with the calendar order of Han nationality. For example, the end of the water calendar is 65438+ February, and the first month of the New Year corresponds to August and September of the summer calendar. The fourth is the reflection of the rebellious psychology of the Shui people. Judging from the history of the forced migration of the ancestors of the Shui people, especially from Baiyue, which was conquered and destroyed by the Qin Dynasty, the unique anti-writing characters of Shui script originated from the strong resistance psychology formed by the long-term discrimination of the Shui people under the cruel rule of the feudal dynasty.