Traditional festivals of Qiang nationality

What are the traditional festivals of Qiang nationality? The traditional festival of the Qiang nationality is the calendar year of the Qiang nationality, which is called "Japan, America and Kyrgyzstan" in Qiang language. According to different places, there are many names, such as "Qiang calendar New Year", "New Year's Eve", "Harvest Festival" and "Restoration Festival". The names are different, but the contents are exactly the same. They all celebrate harvest and gratitude, and the palace has a strong religious color. It is held on the first day of the tenth lunar month every year and lasts for three to three days.

There is also a mountain festival, which is a unique traditional festival of the Qiang people. The time is on the first day of the fourth lunar month every year. This is an activity to pray for a good harvest. On this day, Chinese fir branches are planted on the roof of every household, paper-cut flowers are hung on indoor shrines, and pine and cypress branches are lit to worship Mubita. During the sacrifice, the sheep were slaughtered as sacrifices, and the wizard knocked on the sheepskin drum and sang the epic of his nation. On that day, men, women and children in the village will drink, sing wine songs, dance in pots and pans and pray for a bumper harvest.

What are the customs of Qiang people? Qiang is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China. Originally a shepherd nationality in Hehuang area, it migrated to the east and south. It is one of the main ethnic sources of the Chinese nation, and it is also the main ethnic source of ancient Shu, Tibetans and Yi people today. Most of them are integrated into the Han nationality and other ethnic minorities. Only Minshan area in Sichuan Province is still the only Qiang nationality inhabited area in China, including Maoxian County, Wenchuan County, Lixian County, Heishui County, Songpan County and Beichuan County in Mianyang City. Among them, the Qiang nationality in Maoxian county is the most concentrated, accounting for 60% of the total population of the Qiang nationality.

Qiang people have unique material and cultural achievements and national customs, which have lasted for thousands of years without interruption. Known as the "living fossil" in the evolutionary history of all ethnic groups in China. Among them, the most distinctive ones are towers, plank roads and zip lines that still exist today. The watchtower is called "Qionglong" in Qiang language, "everyone lives on the mountain, and the stone is the room, which is more than ten feet high". There are famous group sculptures in Heihu Township, Maoxian County, and Tao Ping Diaolou built in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. The unique color of plank road in Qiang area is steep. The remains of the plank road around Maoxian Jiaochang are said to be the legacy of Can Cong, the ancestor of Shu people. Liusuo, called "narrow" in ancient times, is a kind of bamboo rope used to cross the river. Maoxian, the central area of the Qiang nationality, has a "rope state" in ancient times, and its name comes from the rope bridge of the ancient Qiang nationality. Among the existing historical sites, the most famous stone drum "Yuanyang Willow" in Maoxian County spans more than 65,438+000 meters above the surging river.

Qiang area is rich in historical and cultural resources, including Neolithic cultural relics, Can Cong and Dayu. "Yuxing was born in Xiqiang", and there are memorial sites for Dayu's birth in Xi 'erping in Wenchuan, Shigu Township in Maoxian (formerly known as Shiniu Township) and Shiniu Township in Beichuan. The name "Fengyi Town" in Maoxian County is also an old saying praising Dayu's "Fengyilai". In Weicheng Town, Maoxian County, there is a relic of the Acropolis built by Jiang Wei, a general of Shu Han. Diexi, once an important town in ancient Can Cong, has become an earthquake lake with beautiful scenery today because of the earthquake.

The folk customs of the Qiang nationality are also very distinctive. The custom of worshipping Baishi has been preserved to this day, and every Qiang village worships Baishi. Qiang flute has existed since ancient times, and all kinds of songs and dances are cheerful and affectionate, and Qiang costumes are unique in charm. Its famous national festivals include the calendar year of the Qiang nationality, the Mountain Festival and the Ox King Festival, and its entertainment activities include dancing salons, climbing poles, photographing animals' buns and putting ropes on them. Others, such as embroidery, clouds, babies and drinking, can make people appreciate the unique customs of Qiang culture. Qiang area is rich in pepper powder, and "Maojiao" is still an important condiment for cooking Sichuan cuisine.

San er ma Qiang culture

(1) Traditional festivals:

The first lunar month 1 is the Qiang calendar year. In this grand festival, Qiang people will get together in their own costumes, jump into the pot fields, and have some sacrificial activities.

The 2009 Qiang "Russian Gala" with the theme of "Thanksgiving", "Blessing" and "Harmony" was held in Qugu, Maoxian County on June+10/October 30, 5438. In Heba Village, Qugu Township, Mao County, Aba Prefecture, the Qiang flute is melodious, firecrackers are ringing, suona is ringing, and gongs and drums are loud.

"Russia" means the fifth day of the first lunar month, which is a hunting festival in Qiang villages, also known as Men's Day. The reporter learned that Qugu Township is the inheritance place of the standard pronunciation of Qiang language (Qiang Mandarin) and the national intangible cultural heritage "Waer Russian Foot", and it is an administrative township with well-preserved Qiang culture such as Qiang language, clothing, diet, village layout, residential buildings, customs, etiquette festivals, folk arts and crafts. In this remote ravine, there are a song-leading festival ("Waal Russian Foot", also known as Women's Day) and a hunting festival (also known as Men's Day) which have been circulating for thousands of years. The two complement each other, combining rigidity with softness, and form the same theme: to be grateful for all the benefits brought by life, to persuade people to respect nature, and to pursue the truth and beauty of harmony between man and nature, so that the Honghu Pagoda has gone through thousands of years. People here.

Because it is forbidden to kill wild animals now, the clever Qiang people always use flour to burn animal-shaped buns to commemorate a god among the Qiang people. He is actually a person because the Qiang people worship and respect him too much.

During the hunting festival, the venerable old man returned home in triumph with the torch.

On the morning of the fifth day of the first month, they went to a sacred tree on the mountain to get the flame. They made a fire with a big white stone.

Among them, the great white stone is a sacred object of the Qiang people and is placed on the house.

There are stone pagodas in Fangqiang Village ... >>

What are the traditional festivals of ethnic minorities? Yi ethnic group

Torch Festival: June 24th to 25th, customs: lighting torches, wrestling, bullfighting, singing and dancing.

Flower Arrangement/Singing Festival: On the eighth day of February, custom: collect azaleas and plant them everywhere. Young men and women dress up and dance with their left feet.

Secret Festival: the eighth day of February, custom: offering sacrifices to dragon trees and having a picnic.

Dragon Boat Festival: the eighth day of February, custom: Lusheng dance.

Clothing Competition Day: March 28th Custom: Clothing Competition

March meeting: March 28th, custom: market, dancing.

Bai (ba)

March Street: March 14 to 16, customs: material exchange, horse racing, dragon boat racing, singing and dancing.

Around the Three Spirits: April 23 to 25, custom: go around the mountain, worship ancestors, jump the whip of the overlord and inspire octagonal.

Torch Festival: June 25th, custom: exorcise evil spirits and seek happiness, and pray for a bumper harvest.

Main festivals: different dates, customs: offering sacrifices to the Lord, chanting and singing, burning incense and kowtowing, singing and dancing, playing and competing, etc.

Shi Baoshan Song Festival: the third day of July and August, custom: playing and singing Bai love songs.

Miao ethnic group

Huashan Festival: 1 3rd, customs: singing, dancing lusheng and climbing flower poles.

Naxi language

Milla club/baseball club: May 15, custom: horse racing and farm tools exhibition.

Sacrifice to heaven: the festival period is uncertain, and the custom is: pray for prosperity in the new year, eliminate disasters and ward off evil spirits

Mule and horse convention: March and July, custom: livestock trading.

Three festivals: the eighth day of February, customs: horse racing, "Li Ali" jumping and picnicking.

July meeting: in mid-July, custom: big livestock trading, singing.

Mosuo

Mountain God Festival: July 25th, custom: worship the goddess, dance, shoot arrows, and make friends with Asha.

Jingpo

Song of Eyes and Brain: 1 month15th, custom: dancing.

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Birthday of Buddha: April 1 day -4.

Divine dance: Tibetan New Year's Eve, custom: Divine dance program.

Jockey Club: On the fifth day of May, customs: pitch tents, have picnics, entertain guests and race horses.

Enlightenment Day:1October 25th.

Duanyang Festival: the fifth day of May, customs: horse racing, pot dance, string dance, picnic.

Snowdon Festival: the end of June and the beginning of July in Tibetan calendar. Custom: Bathe in Buddha's light, dance Tibetan opera and cross Karin.

Cloth (BY)

Niuwang Festival: April 8, custom: eat Niuwang cake, feed cows, sing and dance.

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Water-splashing Festival, custom: singing and dancing, dragon boat racing, splashing water and flying high.

Flower picking festival, custom: picking flowers and offering sacrifices to Buddha.

Dragon Boat Festival: January in the solar calendar, custom: offering sacrifices to the dragon god.

Hani ethnic group

Zarizo: 1 month 1 day, customs: ancestor worship, singing, swinging and banquet.

February is the Year of the Loong. Custom: offering sacrifices to mountains, ancestors and social forests.

New rice festival: the first and second dragon days in August. Custom: Taste new things, offer sacrifices to heaven and relatives.

Kuzaza: June, custom: singing and dancing, offering sacrifices to the gods.

October: October, custom: ancestor worship, street banquet.

Girls' Day: February 2nd, customs: picnic, singing and dancing.

Mother's Day: The first day of March belongs to the Year of the Ox. Custom: Sacrifice to mother and sing in memory of song of a mother.

Zhuang people

Dragon Festival: March, custom: material exchange, young men and women singing and socializing.

Wazu

Knife and pole festival: February 8, custom: jumping on the knife mountain.

Singing contest: the twelfth lunar month or the first day of the first month, customs: singing contest and bathing.

Bathroom party: Spring Festival, custom: shower and make friends.

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Eid al-Fitr: the first day of the month of Muhalan, customs: worship, giving "oil incense" and so on.

Eid al-Adha: Back to December, customs: group worship, slaughtering cattle and sheep, etc.

Lahu people

Hulu Festival: October, custom: Lusheng dance, material exchange,

Expansion Festival: the first day of the first month, customs: collecting fresh water, dancing lusheng and hunting.

Sacrifice to the sun god: establish a summer day, custom: worship the gods and pray for a good year.

Department of Veterans Affairs

On the twelfth day of the twelfth lunar month, customs: pulling wooden drums, racing cattle and dancing.

Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of the patriarchal clan society in ancient China)

Wang Pan Festival: May 29th, custom: ancestor worship, singing and dancing.

Pumi

Turn the mountain: May 5, custom: turn the mountain, sing and dance, fire a gun.

Achang

Huijie: On September 15th, customs: playing with dragons, dancing with white elephants and dancing with drums like feet.

Jino (JN)

Sacrifice: March, custom: drum dance, bamboo pole top.

Sui dynasty

Festival: from late August to early October, custom: bronze drum dance, singing to find someone.

Delong

Kakwa: In the twelfth lunar month, custom: running cows, offering sacrifices to heaven, jumping over pots and pans and inviting guests to each other.

Aihuazu

Yekuza: In June, customs: swing, dance and have dinner.

Female (female)

Flower Festival: March 15, custom: picking flowers to worship fairies.

Nu nationality year: the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month. Customs: archery, shooting stone targets, singing (guessing boxing), swinging, dancing, etc.

the Mongol nationality

The traditional festivals in Mongolia mainly include the Lunar New Year, and the Mongolian language is "Chagan Saren", that is, Bai Yue. Mongolian New Year Festival, also called "White Festival" or "Bai Yue", is closely related to the whiteness of milk. In addition, there are Nadam, Horse Milk Festival and so on.

Korean nation

Its festivals are basically the same as those of the Han nationality.

Qiang folk custom: Dragon and lion dances in the Spring Festival.

Dragon and lion dances in the Spring Festival have a long history in Huizhou. Since ancient times, from the first day of the first month to the first half of the month (that is, the fifteenth day of the first month), dragons and lions have been all over the streets, and they are very lively every day, which is very local in Huizhou.

The traditional dragon and lion dances are spontaneously composed of folk, mostly Yilong, Wu Ban and village lions.

Folk dragon dancing has a typical Cantonese style. Dragon dance is made by myself. The main skeleton of the faucet is made of bamboo, the outside is painted on paper, and the colored cloth is the dragon body. The whole dragon is 13 feet long, about 42 meters. When dancing the dragon, the front is led by Sun and Moon cards, plaques, palace lanterns, costume teams (disguised as folk story figures of past dynasties), octopus, phoenix, lion and miscellaneous water (disguised as fish, shrimp, crab, clam, etc.). ), and finally alive. Drums all the way, drums all the way, a large number of people, vast, across the street, the whole city sensation. At the dragon sutra, from time to time, there are old people leading and sun drilling around the dragon's belly, which means "dragon drilling", which means folk customs such as "dragon drilling", "hunting dragons" and "sending dragon stickers" when dancing dragons, which is quite local.

Folk lion dance and dragon dance have the same characteristics. After tying the lion, he also went to Yuanming Temple to "open his eyes" and carry out "grabbing the green" activities. On the morning of the first day of the Spring Festival, the lions of all stripes were led by touts carrying boxes. Lions, gongs, drums and cymbals are performed in turn by martial arts teams armed with various cold weapons. Everywhere they went, shops and residents greeted each other with firecrackers and sealed red envelopes, which lasted until the fifteenth day of the first month.

Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival is called "May Festival". Dragon boat race is called "Dragon Boat Festival" by Huizhou folks. The traditional dragon boat race is held every year from the first day to the sixth day of the fifth lunar month. After thousands of years, it flourished for a while.

Every year, the "May Festival" of the lunar calendar is dominated by rivers, and the "dragon boat water" doubles the interest of dragon fleets in various streets (villages). In the past May Festival, the dragon fleet that completed the pre-competition ceremony held dragon boat races in batches along the river on the Dongjiang River. The dragon boat race first goes downstream, then goes upstream, and finally sprints to decide whether to win or lose. Most of the prizes are gardeners (hanging the whole cloth with bamboo ropes and covering it with paper towels), and the winners are mostly local Yin merchants. The winner put "Huajiang" on the bow and went up the river as a glory.

The Mid Autumn Festival moon

August 15th of the lunar calendar is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China.

Mid-Autumn Festival is a large-scale celebration festival next to Spring Festival.

In order to have a good Mid-Autumn Festival, people begin to prepare for the festival one month after the sheep festival, and buy moon cakes (a white cake made of white glutinous rice flour and white sugar), wind millet, water chestnuts, edible olives, red persimmons, taro, grapefruit, peanuts and other foods. Of course, moon cakes and lanterns are essential for every family.

During the Mid-Autumn Festival, people who are far away from their hometown go back to their hometown to have a reunion dinner and tell their families what they did this year and their next goal, while those who have been in charge for many years say more good things (words of encouragement). When the moonlight rises, the family will open moon cakes and light lanterns together to start the annual moon viewing activities.

With the development of the times, the folk activities of enjoying the moon are moving from the palace to the public places. At present, there are two places to enjoy the moon: Pinghu and Tangquan.

Climbing mountains and flying kites on Double Ninth Festival

The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the Double Ninth Festival every year. There is a custom of climbing mountains and flying kites on the folk Double Ninth Festival.

According to folklore, climbing on the Double Ninth Festival can bring good luck to climbers, and climbing for three consecutive years can be transshipped. In the sense of physical exercise, climbing on the Double Ninth Festival does have its unique benefits. The Double Ninth Festival is in early autumn, and the air is crisp in autumn. At this time, the physical and mental benefits are not comparable. It can not only exercise and enhance physical fitness, but also look up at the top of the mountain and see the beautiful scenery, which is refreshing.

At present, the most spectacular places in the annual Double Ninth Festival are Mount Luofu, Mount Jiulong and Mount Xiangtou, Gao Bang and Fengshan in the urban area, especially Mount Luofu in Boluo. Every year, on the eve of the Double Ninth Festival (the eighth day of the ninth lunar month), more than100000 climbers from various counties in this city and Dongguan, Zengcheng, Guangzhou and Shenzhen successively climbed the top of Luofu Mountain and flew to the top. People who waited for the sunrise all night sat around the top of the mountain and blessed each other. At sunrise, fireworks resounded through the sky and blended with the rising sun, which was quite spectacular. According to the statistics of relevant departments, in recent years, the number of people climbing Luofu Mountain has been above100000 every year, and at most it has exceeded 300000, making climbing the Double Ninth Festival of Luofu Mountain a major event of Lingnan Double Ninth Festival.

It is a unique custom to put paper owls on the Double Ninth Festival. Folk singing: September 9 is Chongyang; Put paper harrier, line length. According to our traditional custom, flying kites is usually in the Qing Dynasty. Due to the climate ... >>

Qiang people celebrate the Qiang calendar year (the first day of the tenth lunar month), when all kinds of crops are harvested. In order to celebrate the harvest of the year, the Qiang people celebrate this day as a festive harvest festival.

The Spring Festival is also the biggest festival of the Qiang people, which means the end of the old year and the beginning of the new year. The Spring Festival lasts from New Year's Eve to the 15th day of the first month.

Every family has the custom of posting couplets on New Year's Eve. There are also differences in pasting couplets: in those years, when someone died at home, they pasted couplets and wrote them on green or yellow paper to express their condolences and nostalgia for the deceased; If there is no such situation at home, write couplets on red paper to indicate good luck in the new year.

On New Year's Eve, it is customary for Qiang people to have a family reunion night. People who work or do business in other places should go home to reunite with their families and have a happy and auspicious New Year's Eve to welcome the New Year.

The first day of the first month is the first day of the new year. People must get up early to fetch water from the well, which means that there will be no shortage of water in the coming year. If you want to go outside to collect some firewood and read the meaning of making money at home, it means that you have money to come home every day in the new year. In addition, this day can't swear, can't quarrel. If you commit a crime, it means that there will be disaster at home in the new year. I can't see the tools of labor yet. Seeing them means that the new year will be very hard, so I hide them out of sight every New Year's Eve.

There is a custom of not eating porridge on the morning of the first day of the first month, which means that the harvest is not good this year.

On the second day of the first month, the Qiang people have the custom of paying New Year greetings. Some younger generations pay New Year greetings to their elders, indicating that the older generation is healthy and all the best in the new year. It is a custom for a married daughter to go back to her mother's house to pay a New Year call and express her daughter's blessing to her parents, wishing them all the best in the new year. According to the custom, a man who is unmarried but has a girlfriend will pay a New Year call to her and wish her parents and girlfriend a happy New Year. It is a custom for apprentices to pay New Year greetings to their masters and students to pay New Year greetings to their teachers, to express their gratitude to the masters or teachers for imparting skills or knowledge, and to wish them good luck in the new year.

On the third day of the first month, there is a custom of setting up a new grave for the deceased and burning paper money to pay homage to the deceased. There is a custom of not calling at home on this day, which means that this day is the Day of the Dead and you can't call at home.

On the fourth day of the first month, it is an auspicious day for the beginning of the new year, so there is a custom of going out to do business on this day. This year, everyone who repairs a new house has the habit of laying the foundation on this day.

The fifth day of the first month is a good day for hunters. So on this day, men (regardless of age) will make an animal-shaped bun with gray flour, and then each family will bring some wine and meat to the designated place in the stockade and bring shotguns. Put the animal-like bun together and aim with a shotgun. If it hits, it means that hunting has gained something this year. Then everyone gets together to worship, drink and sing.

On the ninth day of the first month, the whole village and even the whole village have the custom of bringing toast, knives and incense wax to the temple to worship God.

On the sixth day of the first month, the whole village will bring toast, knives and incense wax to the towers of the villages on the top of the mountain to show people's worship of nature.

New Year's Day is the last day of the Spring Festival, so it is customary for families to get together for dinner to mark the end of the Spring Festival and the beginning of spring ploughing in the new year.

There is a custom of not going up the mountain on the vernal equinox, which means that this day is the day when all kinds of animals in the mountains mate, and it is not good to see it.

There is a custom of not going into the ground on this day.

Tomb-Sweeping Day has the custom of sweeping graves, erecting monuments and burning paper to worship ancestors.

Dragon Boat Festival is a festival to worship dragons. It is a custom to wash your face and body with dew in the morning, which means that everything has medicine to cure all diseases. When you get sick in the future, you should pull out all kinds of grass to go home for daily use. Legend has it that all kinds of grass on this day have good effects. There is a custom of drinking realgar wine, which means that after drinking this wine, snakes will not dare to entangle your feet in the future. There is a custom of inserting ai on the door frame, which shows the memory of Qu Yuan.

The Mid-Autumn Festival on the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month, commonly known as Ghost Festival, has the custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors and ghosts.

August 15 is the Mid-Autumn Festival. After offering moon cakes, walnuts, apples and other foods to the moon god in the tower on the roof, it is a custom for the whole family to get together for a reunion dinner.

The second day of the second lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival. It is said that this day is the day when dragons look up, and all snakes have to come out of their holes to end their hibernation, so it is customary to shave their heads on this day.

On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, it is said that all insects don't eat, so there is a habit of drying clothes that are easily eaten by insects, such as sweaters and leather clothes, to avoid being eaten by insects.

On the fifth day of May, Qiang Daughter's Day. On this day, women in the whole village will put on new clothes, go to the tower at the top of Xihu Village to worship God, sing and dance around the tower, and then sing folk songs in various villages to praise the fine traditional virtues of Qiang women.

Qing dynasty ... >>

Traditional festivals of 56 ethnic groups in China

1, Achang nationality

Achang people mostly live in Yunnan, which is one of the earliest ethnic groups in China. Huijie, a tradition of Achang nationality, is held in the middle of September of the lunar calendar every year. Achang people believe in Hinayana Buddhism, and Huijie is a religion. The main religious festivals include entering the depression (closing the door), leaving the depression (opening the door), burning white firewood, water splashing festival and so on. In addition to religious festivals, there are many traditional festivals unique to this nation. For example, Torch Festival, Varo Festival, Flower Watering Festival and Spring Festival. White elephant shooting is a traditional festival of Achang nationality.

2. De 'ang nationality

The traditional folk festivals of De 'ang mainly include Water-splashing Festival, Closing Festival, Opening Festival and burning white firewood, which are mostly related to Buddhist activities. De 'ang people also have ceremonies such as ancestor worship hall, village gods, land gods, dragons and girls, among which Dragon Boat Festival is the most interesting. Religious festivals include "Entering the Depression" (Closing the Door), which is the largest pure fasting festival for devout Buddhists.

3. Dongxiang nationality

Dongxiang people, like other ethnic groups with religious beliefs, have three major festivals every year, namely Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Holy Day.

4. Dong nationality

The dates of Dong traditional festivals vary from place to place. The main festivals are wedding festival, bridging festival, ox festival, eating new things festival, fireworks festival and so on.

5. Bai nationality

Bai people have many traditional festivals. March Street, with a history of thousands of years, is the biggest festival of Bai people every year, and now it is named March Street National Festival. It has distinctive features with national festivals such as Torch Festival (also known as Chinese Valentine's Day). Other major festivals include New Year's Day, Three Spirits Festival, Torch Festival, Sea Opera and Sun Worship. Like the Han nationality, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are also celebrated.

6.Dulong people

The only traditional festival (Dulong language: Kakwa) is also related to religion. Kakwa is held on a certain day of the twelfth lunar month every year, and the specific time is decided by each family or family. The length of the festival usually depends on how much food is prepared. During the festival, people will hold ceremonies of offering sacrifices to mountain gods, singing and dancing.

7. Russians

Russian traditional national festivals are mainly related to religious beliefs. Russians celebrate Christmas every year on the Gregorian calendar 65438+10.7 to commemorate the birth of Jesus.

8. Oroqen nationality

There are not many traditional festivals of Oroqen nationality, only the Spring Festival, the clan's "Mokun" meeting, the religious activity "Ominaren" and the bonfire party. The main festival is the Lunar New Year.

June 18 every year is the traditional festival of Oroqen nationality-bonfire party. On this day, Oroqen people will light bonfires, sing and dance to celebrate their national festivals.

9. Bulang nationality

The most distinctive festivals are: New Year's Day, offering sacrifices to gods, washing cattle's feet and so on.

10, Ewenki nationality

The Ewenki people, whether herders, hunters or farmers, take the Lunar New Year as their main festival. On the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, there will be a sacrifice to Vulcan. Pastoral areas will hold the "Mikulu" Festival on May 22nd, which is actually a festival evolved from production activities. On this day, it is necessary to count the number of livestock, trim and brand horses. On the fifth day of May, people pick mugwort leaves and put them on their heads, and go to the river to wash their faces and bathe for health. There is also "Aobao Sacrifice" in pastoral areas, which is a festival evolved from religious sacrifices, and horse racing and other activities are to be held. 1 1, Gaoshan nationality

1 1 Gaoshan nationality

There are many festivals of Gaoshan nationality. Most of their traditional festivals are strongly religious. Harvest Festival, also known as Harvest Festival, Harvest Festival, Harvest Festival, etc. , equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han nationality, is the biggest festival of Gaoshan nationality.

12, Gelao nationality

Sacrificing mountains, eating new dishes and celebrating the New Year are the three major festivals celebrated by the Gelao people everywhere. The Spring Festival is the biggest festival for the Gelao people. October 1st of the lunar calendar is the traditional festival of the Gelao nationality "Niuwang Festival", which is a unique folk festival of the Gelao nationality.

13, Korean nationality

Its festivals are basically the same as those of the Han nationality. The Korean people have five major festivals, which are still celebrated grandly. These five festivals are: Yuanri (Spring Festival), Shangyuan (Lantern Festival), Cold Food (Tomb-Sweeping Day), Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Koreans have a long tradition of respecting the elderly. As early as in Lee's Korea (1392- 19 10), September 9th was designated as Comfort Day for the Elderly. There are also three family festivals, namely, the baby's first birthday, the family festival (60th birthday) and the wedding festival (60th wedding anniversary).

14, Li nationality

The festivals of the Li nationality are closely related to the calendar of the Li nationality. Before liberation, most festivals of the Li nationality used the lunar calendar in neighboring Han areas and areas where Li and Han nationalities lived together. The festivals were the same as those of the Han nationality, such as Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Dragon Boat Festival. As far as Li nationality is concerned, the most grand and common festivals are Spring Festival and March 3rd.

15, Lisu nationality (all four tones of Lisu nationality)

The main festivals are the opening season and the torch ... >>

Traditional festivals, living customs and food culture of Qiang nationality, and traditional festivals, living customs and food culture of Tu nationality are divided into five parts. The traditional festivals of Gaoshan nationality include: sowing sacrifice, peace sacrifice, "Ali" fixed sacrifice, bamboo pole sacrifice, monkey sacrifice and hunting sacrifice, short spirit sacrifice of Dawu people and flying fish sacrifice, etc. The traditional festivals of Gaoshan people are usually combined with sacrifices, which are complicated.

The diet is mainly cereals and roots;

In ancient times, the Gaoshan nationality took nudity as beauty, and only wrapped in cloth and fur. However, after contact with China culture, men gradually wear gowns, while women wear skirts and pay attention to the beauty of clothes.

The living customs of the Qiang nationality have a population of about 200,000 in Sichuan. Call themselves Mal and Ermai. It is mainly distributed in Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lixian, Heishui, Songpan and Beichuan counties under the jurisdiction of Mianyang City, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in the upper reaches of Minjiang River in northwest Sichuan. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the ancient Qiang people migrated from northwest to southwest. One of them moved to the upper reaches of Minjiang River. Since then, many Qiang tribes have moved south and evolved into today's Qiang people after long-term integration. Qin dynasty was located in the side road, Han dynasty was located in Wenshan county. After that, every dynasty had states and counties. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the Qiang people practiced the chieftain system, and in the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to a floating official. Qiang area has long been in feudal society. 1935, the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants passed through the Qiang area and established the Soviet regime. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), 1 autonomous prefecture and 2 1 Qiang township were jointly established with Tibetans. Qiang language belongs to the Qiang branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Common Chinese characters. Monogamy is practiced. Believing in the primitive religion of animism and ancestor worship, the gods all take the white stone as a symbol. There are brewed wines on holidays. Qiang people in rural areas take pleasure in linen or cotton gowns, sheepskin coats and jackets, and their houses are built by mountains and rocks. The tower is more than ten feet high, and it was called "Qionglong" in ancient times. He is good at digging wells and building bridges. Women are good at picking flowers and embroidery. Cremation, burial and water burial. Mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. There are many fairy tales among the people, such as "Creating the Earth", "Fighting against Colombia", "Fighting against Anju" and "Fighting against the Beasts". Popular pot dance, that is, "dancing Salang". The Qiang flute used is famous in ancient and modern times.

prescribe a diet

Pig fat is a traditional food of Qiang nationality. Popular in Maoxian, Wenchuan, Beichuan and other places. Strangle the pig, cut the meat into pieces, marinate it for three to seven days, and hang it on the beam to dry. Gold-coated silver is also a traditional food of Qiang people.

believe

Baishi worships the beliefs and customs of Qiang people. Popular in Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lixian, Beichuan and other places. Qiang people believe in many gods, but there are no bronze statues. All these are symbolized by white stones, which are enshrined on the tower on the roof, on the shrine in the house, beside the fire pond, on the hill outside the village and in the sacred forest. The white stone on the roof represents Vulcan, the white stone beside the fire pond represents Vulcan, the white stone on the mountain represents God, and the white stone in the field represents young crops and the God of the land. Some people have many white stones on their roofs, which not only represent gods, but also represent other gods. Qiang people often pray for their birthdays, burn incense and worship the white stone.

The belief of Qiang people and the custom of searching for mountains and rain. In case of drought, people will hold a ceremony to find mountains and pray for rain. At that time, people are prohibited from hunting, chopping wood and digging medicine in the mountains, and offenders will be condemned or beaten up. If it still doesn't rain, go to the top of the mountain to hold a rain prayer ceremony.

Beliefs and customs of the Qiang people in Linshen. There is a sacred forest behind the mountain in every village of Qiang nationality, which is regarded as the land of mountain gods. It is forbidden to cut down the sacred forest, nor to graze and mow grass in it. Chemical sacrifices are held regularly in the village.

Belief and custom of jumping armour of Qiang nationality. Also known as the big burial dance. Attend the funeral of a meritorious soldier. Participants are usually a few to a dozen people, wearing leather armor and holding weapons. They danced in a circle first, and then formed two rows of confrontation. Weapons flying around, brass cymbals jingling, and loud roar show the heroic spirit of the deceased when fighting.

The beliefs and customs of the ostentatious Qiang people. The eye is scratched by plant branches and leaves or caused by other reasons, such as discomfort, tears and white obstacles in the eyeball, commonly known as "silk", which can be solved by Duan Hong.

Oil and fire fight. Qiang leaders believe in customs. When strange shadows or strange things often appear at home, Duan Gong must be invited to hold this ceremony to exorcise evil spirits. At that time, Duangong would boil the clear oil and put it in a bowl with a spoon in it. At the same time, light a torch and hold a bowl of cold water for standby. Spoon a spoonful of hot oil on the torch and then pour cold water on it. The torch exploded violently, crackled and then poured cold water on it. The torch exploded violently and crackled. Duangong walked through the rooms with a flashlight and finally came to the door. In this way, the evil spirits were driven out of the house.

The belief and custom of stepping on the head of Qiang nationality. When suffering from abdominal pain, abdominal distension and other diseases, you must ask Duangong to hold this ceremony to treat the disease. Under normal circumstances, Duangong put a flower cake head in the fire pond to burn red, and then took it out to quench a bowl of water for the patient to drink. When the condition is serious, the patient should lie flat on the bed or beside the fire pit. Duan Hong will take out the red-hot head, dance barefoot on it, then step on the patient's abdomen and gently rub it three times from bottom to top.

Beliefs and customs of the Qiang people with sheep's moustache. Duangong presided over the ceremony to predict luck, etiology, the fortune of pedestrians, the good or bad luck of the year, the victory or defeat of the war, etc. The sheep tarsal bones used must be taken from sacrificed sheep, usually after the sheep is slaughtered and before cooking.

on one's pins

Carved houses are traditional Qiang folk houses. Also known as the carved building. ......& gt& gt