Why is Hubei called Hubei for short? What does the word e mean?

Every province in China has its own abbreviation. Although this word is not usually used when referring to this province, it will be used in many aspects, such as license plate number. The abbreviations of many provinces are related to history, but some of them are confusing at first glance. For example, Hubei province is abbreviated as Hubei, and the word "Hubei" is somewhat incomprehensible. Why is the abbreviation of Hubei this? What does this word mean and how did it evolve into this in history?

Hubei Hou, located in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, is the earliest Hubei Hou recorded in unearthed documents, and Hubei Province began to appear in the Yuan Dynasty. Huguang province was once called Hu province or Chu province in Ming dynasty. As a place name, Tan has retired from the historical stage, while Hubei has a long history.

Hubei province is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, referred to as Hubei, the capital of Wuhan. Hubei Province is the birthplace of Jingchu culture. Why is Hubei Province called Hubei instead of Jing or Chu for short? Some people say that the abbreviation of Hubei is related to the Hou of Hubei in Shang Dynasty. Is it true?/You don't say.

1 earliest Hubei Hou

Hou in Hubei at the end of Shang Dynasty is the earliest recorded Hou in handed down literature. Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty recorded in Zhao San, the Warring States Policy, that there were three princes: the former ghost Hou, the Hubei Hou and Wang Wen. Ghost Hou has a son and is good, so when he enters it, he thinks it is evil and is a ghost Hou (h m: I, reading the sea). The urgency of the struggle in Hubei and Hou is a disease of discrimination, so the Hubei and Hou are preserved. Hearing this, Wang Wen sighed with shame and was locked in Yan's library, wanting to die for a hundred days.

This passage means that at the end of Shang Dynasty, Ghost Hou, Hubei Hou and Zhou Wenwang were the three fairs in Shang Zhouwang period. Taishi, Taifu and Taibao were the highest-ranking officials at that time. Ghost Hou has a virtuous daughter who married. Shang Zhou, dissatisfied with Ghost Hou's daughter, sentenced him to death and chopped him into a paste. There was a heated argument between Houhe in Hubei, and Shang Zhouwang cut the Houhe in Hubei into meat pies. When Zhou Wenwang heard this, he expressed regret and was condemned. Shang Zhouwang detained Zhou Wenwang in the prison in Guanli, and prepared to execute him 100 days later. Sima Qian's Records of the Historian Yin Benji and Records of the Historian Lu Zhonglian and Biography of Zou Yang have similar records. Later, someone saved Zhou Wenwang.

Like Zhou Wenwang, Ehou may not know his name is Ehou. Most of the names in ancient books are the names of later generations, and Hubei in Hubei is not necessarily a place name. During the Warring States Period, Sun Tzu punished him with satiety, and later called him Sun Bin. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zuo Qiu was blind, and later he was called Zuo Qiuming. According to Yin Benji, Zhou Wenwang was a vassal of Shang Zhouwang before his death, but he didn't call himself king. After Zhou Wuwang destroyed the business, he named his father Zhou Wenwang after his death. Yin Benji's "King of Literature" is "Xibo". Hubei Hou is called Hubei Hou by later generations because of its "urgency of dispute and disease of discrimination"

"e" and "e" mean to say it. According to Records of the Historian Zhao Shijia, there was a loyal minister named, who dared to speak out and remonstrate. After Zhou She's death, Zhao Jianzi was often unhappy, and the doctor asked why. Zhao Jianzi said, "All the doctors are looking forward to it, but they have only heard of Hubei, Zhou She, because they are worried." This means that the doctors are worried, because they are passive to Nuo Nuo in court and can't hear Zhou She's outspoken advice. "E-E" means to point out the shortcomings of others, and only Nuo Nuo is obedient.

The original meaning of the word Hubei is honesty. The word "e" comes from "Xu", and "Xu" is "Xu Wen Jie Zi". Xu Shen's Reading Noisy Department in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "

Wow, the lawsuit is also. From the sound of "cut, cut, cut, cut, cut, cut, cut, cut". It means arguing loudly. "I" is composed of "I" and "I", and "I" also means sound. "

"From" Lao ",the ancient word" Lao "is pronounced as" Lao "."Bi "is the image of a person written backwards in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which means face to face. Bi "is also the original word of" inverse ". Mr. Luo Zhenyu said, "It's an inverted human figure, and I agree to reverse the word. Yang Xiong dialect says, "Welcome if you encounter opposition." . "The bronze inscription' The Bell of the Duke of Chu' is' negative'. The "loss" in "baa" comes from "Yu" and "Yu" comes from Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The horizontal painting in the middle of Xiao zhuan "Wei" is a decorative pen.

Ehou, located in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, is the earliest unearthed document recorded in Ehou. Since 1975, many bronzes with the words "Hou of Hubei" have appeared in Yang Zishan cemetery in Anju Town, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, some of which can be traced back to the early Western Zhou Dynasty. It can be considered that Yang Zishan was the territory of Hubei in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, which was the earliest recorded Hou in the unearthed documents. Interestingly, in 20 1 1 year, Zeng Guo cemetery was discovered in Yejiashan, about 22.7 kilometers away from E Guo cemetery. A bronze ware with the inscription "Zeng Houjian" was unearthed from the M65 cemetery in Yejiashan, Suizhou, which also belonged to the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Two neighboring countries, both Marquis, one is called Hubei and the other is called Jian. E and remonstrance are the same meaning.

There is an inscription on the bronze wares unearthed from the M65 tomb in Yejiashan: "Zeng Hou's admonition is a treasure." CCTV's "Exploration and Discovery" column "I was fascinated by it (1)".

Although it is impossible to determine the relationship between the two Hubei Hou, the Hubei culture that advocates honesty is in the same strain. Confucius said, "Good medicine tastes bitter and is good for illness, but advice when most unpleasant is good for action. Tang Wu prospered because of flattery, but died because of passivity. " Tang refers to Shang Tang, the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty; Wu refers to Zhou Wuwang, the founding monarch of the Zhou Dynasty. Shang Tang and Zhou Wuwang can accept different opinions, and their countries are both prosperous. Valerian refers to Xia Jie, the last monarch of the Xia Dynasty; Zhou refers to the last monarch of Shang Dynasty. Xia Jie and Shang Zhouwang both like others to be passive to Nuo Nuo and Nuo Nuo, and they both lose power.

2 The dispute between Chu and Hubei.

To talk about Chu, let's talk about Jingzhou first. According to "Shangshu Gong Yu", when Dayu ruled the world, he divided the world into Kyushu, and the area south of Yuzhou was Jingzhou. Gong Yu said: "Jing and Hengyang are only Jingzhou." Jingzhou consists of two parts, one is Jingshan and the area south of Jingshan, and the other is Hengshan and the area south of Hengshan. Hengyang is the area south of Hengshan Mountain. Jingshan is the geographical symbol of Jingzhou, which lies between the Yangtze River and Hanshui River. Erya Dish said, "Hanan is called Jingzhou." Jingzhou is south of the Han River, and the dividing line between Yuzhou and Jingzhou is the Han River. Jingzhou in the Zhou Dynasty generally refers to the two lakes south of Hanshui River, that is, the sum of Hunan Province and Hubei Province today. The so-called "lake" refers to Dongting Lake, which is another geographical symbol of Jingzhou.

Chu was one of the most influential governors in the Zhou Dynasty. According to "Chu Family History", Xiong Yi became the monarch of the State of Chu in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the initial fief of Chu was in Jingshan area. "Chu Family" said: "Xiong Yi was founded in Jingshan". Confucian literature such as Spring and Autumn Annals once called Jing Chu. Chu and Jing are also synonyms. "Shuowen Jiezi Linzibu" said: "Chu has it, there is it." It means Chu is a shrub, also called Jing. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi Mi Zi Bu" says: "Jing, Chu Mu Ye." The official title of Chu is viscount, a small country with a fief of only 50 miles. "History of Han Geography" said: "Zhou Jue is fifth-class, while Tu San-class, male, Hou Baili, Bo Qili, son, male 50 Li, is not satisfied with being a vassal. Coverage 1800 countries. " It means that the titles of the Zhou Dynasty are divided into five grades, namely male, male, male, male, male, male and male. A small country that is not satisfied with a hundred miles is called a vassal. There were about 1800 countries of different levels in the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, shortly after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chu broke through its own fief and was the earliest "nouveau riche" in the Zhou Dynasty.

Chu was the first vassal to win the Central Plains. In the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, when Zhou Yiwang (885-878 BC) was in decline, Xiong, the sixth monarch of Chu, took the opportunity to further expand his sphere of influence. Historical Records of the Chu Family says: Xiong's illness won the hearts of the people in Jianghan, but he encouraged the army to reduce mediocrity, Yang (through "Yang") and Yue (through "Yue"), as for Hubei. The bear said, "I am a barbarian, and I don't swear by the name of China." Therefore, his eldest son Kang was appointed King of Sentences, Zhong Zihong as King of Hubei, and his second son as King, all on the land of Chu people. When Zhou Li was tyrannical, Xiong went to the king of Chu for fear of cutting Chu.

The meaning of this passage is that Xiong Qubing, with the strong cooperation of the people between Jianghan, destroyed Yong State, expanded its sphere of influence in Yue State, and finally reached Hubei, where Chu moved its capital. Hubei is in the area of Ezhou City, Hubei Province today. In order to distinguish it from western Hubei, it was called eastern Hubei in history. Western Hubei, located in Nanyang City, Henan Province, was once the sphere of influence of the State of Chu. The bear went to the hospital and said, "I'm from the south, so I don't have to use my original title and nickname." Therefore, his eldest son, Xiong Kang, was appointed King of Sentences, his second son, Xiong Hong, was King of Hubei, and his youngest son, Xiong Zhiyou, was king, all within the sphere of influence of Chu in the Yangtze River basin. In the pre-Qin period, the king was the son of heaven, and it was a trespass for a bear to go sick and let his three sons be the king. Later, Xiong went ill and worried about Zhou Liwang's investigation, and removed the titles of his three sons. After the death of Xiong Qu, Xiong Hong succeeded to the throne. In the thirty-seventh year of Xiong Tong (704 BC), Xiong Tong, the monarch of Chu, established himself as the King of Wu and began to expand to the Central Plains.

A brief account of Chu inscriptions. In the third year of Zhenghe in Song Huizong, a clock was unearthed in Jiayu County, Ezhou, Hubei Province. Its inscription reads: "Only in August in Shen Jia, Gong Chu defied (booed) himself." Chu Changgong mentioned in Historical Records should be The King of Chu State Xiongchang. (Qing) Ruan Yuanzang's Preface to the Collection of Zhai Zhong Zhong Ding Yi.

Chu people also disputed the word "E". According to Chu Jiazhi, in the late Western Zhou Dynasty (827- 782 BC), the first 13 monarch of Chu was Xiong Chang. After Xiong Chang, his son Xiong Yi succeeded to the throne, posthumous title Ruoao. "If" means "promise" and "courage", which is just the opposite of "courage". Ao is equivalent to a duke or baron, and posthumous title is Xiao Ao, Zhuang Ao and Yong Ao in turn. Not only the king of Chu has a hiss if, but also the capital has a hiss if. In the twelfth year of King Zhao of Chu (504 BC), Chu moved north to Yong. In 20 12, artifacts belonging to Shang Dynasty were unearthed in the cemetery of Ehou in Xiaxiangpu, Nanyang New District, Henan Province. Xiaxiangpu area in Nanyang New District is recorded in Historical Records of Western Hubei. Just as there are eastern Hubei and western Hubei, there should be lower ones.

Inscription of Prince Ping Hou's Tomb. 20 12 Pinghou Wangmin unearthed from the Zhou Dynasty Ehou cemetery in Xiaxiangpu, Nanyang New District, Henan Province. The inscription reads: "The son of Shangtan is used for washing thallium (moo), and the descendants are used for Sun Yongbao." CCTV: Looking for Ancient Hubei, Exploration and Discovery, 20 14-2-23.

Chu is prosperous because of its arrogance. Lu Chunqiu Zhi Jian recorded such a thing. King Wen of Chu went hunting in Yunmeng with a yellow dog and an arrow, and did not return to the palace in March. King Chu Wen has a beautiful woman in Dandi. He is insatiable for women. He didn't go to court for a whole year. The Taibao named Shen said, "My late king used to do divination for me, and the result was auspicious. Now, you go hunting in Yunmeng with the yellow dog and the green arrow, and don't return to the palace in March. You have the beauty of danti, covet women, and haven't been to court for a whole year. Your sin should be whipped. " King Wen of Chu said, "I have been a prince since I was a baby. Please change the sentence without flogging. " Taibao said, "I'm under orders from the first king, and I dare not give up lightly. If you are not whipped, you will give up the life of your late king. I would rather offend you than my late king. " King Wen of Chu said, "All right." Taibao laid the mat and let the king of Chu lie on it. Taibao picked up a bunch of thin fifty thorns, knelt on King Wen's back, then picked it up again and repeated it twice. He said to King Wen, "You can get up." King Wen said, "Since you have the responsibility of flogging, just hit it." Taibao said: "Treat a gentleman and make him ashamed;" Treat a villain and make his body feel pain. If you feel ashamed and can't correct it, what's the use of making you feel miserable? "Pacific ran to the palace, to the edge of the abyss, ready to commit suicide. King Wen said, "This is my fault. What crime have you committed? " So he changed his attitude, recalled Taibao, killed Huang Ru's dog, broke the green arrow and sent away the beauty of Dandi. Later, the State of Chu annexed thirty-nine princes. Lu concluded: "Making the territory of Chu so vast is the function of Tai Bao Shen and the credit for daring to speak. "

Wuchang is named after Hubei.

Sun Quan established his capital in Hubei County. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou in the Western Jin Dynasty, in the 13th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (208), Sun and Liu Huishi and Battle of Red Cliffs won the victory, and Liu Bei was elected as Jingzhou Pastoral, governing public security, and was later guarded by Guan Yu. Public security is in Gongan County, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an, Wu attacked Jingzhou, Guan Yu was defeated, and Jingzhou area fell. In the winter of the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and established the Cao Wei regime. In April of the following year, Sun Quan moved from public security to Hubei County, established Hubei as its capital and changed Hubei to Wuchang. In August of the same year, Sun Quan indicated the construction of Wuchang City, and issued an order to the generals: My husband will never forget his death, be prepared for danger in times of peace, and be good at teaching the past. In the past, there was no doubt that in a peaceful world, a famous minister of the Han Dynasty could not have a sword without his body, and a gentleman was armed and could not have it. The current situation is that on the banks of Xinjiang, jackals are handing over, but it is hard to ignore. I heard that the general went in and out with humility and respect, and did not follow the soldiers of the people. They are not prepared to love their bodies. It's better to be dangerous and humiliated than to keep his name and live in peace with his relatives. We should be deeply vigilant, respect its greatness, and be lonely.

The order emphasizes the importance of strengthening military equipment in times of peace. In the preface, there is no doubt that Qingzhou, a famous minister during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was highly praised for his vigilance. The order criticized the soldiers' carelessness and repeatedly warned their subordinates to strengthen their military equipment.

The name of Wuchang has a profound meaning. As for the origin of Wuchang, there is no explanation in the history books. Later generations of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wang Xiang said, "Take Wu Xing". What Wang said seems reasonable, but it is not. Biography of Historical Records of Shang Jun quoted the Book as saying: "Those who rely on virtue prosper, while those who rely on the strong perish." Cao Cao's "A Brief Introduction to Sun Zi" said: "Those who rely on fighters die, those who rely on literature die." There is another reason why Sun Quan motioned to build Wuchang City and warned soldiers to strengthen their armaments. In that month, Sun Quan said that Cao Wei was a vassal, expressing his obedience. Sun Quan was worried about the paralysis of his subordinates before taking the above measures. Chen Shou commented on Sun Quan and said: "Sun Quan bowed his head and endured humiliation, and his talents were still counted, with witty sentences and outstanding people." On the one hand, Sun Quan made Cao Wei a vassal, on the other hand, he secretly strengthened his military equipment, just like Gou Jian, the king of Yue, who endured humiliation and struggled for self-improvement. The above orders should be secret orders. Sun Quan changed Hubei to Wuchang, but before that, it was the feeling after moving from public security to Hubei. Chen commented on Guan Yu: "Feather is just and proud." Guan Yu is too headstrong to listen to different opinions. The moral of Wuchang is just as Confucius said, "Tang Dance flourished in Hubei"

Shuo Wen Jie Zi Yi Bu says, "Jiangxia County, Hubei Province." Among them, Jiang refers to the Yangtze River, Xia refers to the Han River, and Jiangxia represents the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Han River. "Geography of Yuan History" said: "Wuchang Road was changed from Ezhou in the early Tang Dynasty to Jiangxia County and was promoted to Wuchang Army. The Song Dynasty was Jinghu North Road. " Historically, Ezhou, Jiangxia County, Wuchang Army, Jinghu North Road and Wuchang Road in the Yuan Dynasty have overlapping historical areas. Today, Wuchang District and Jiangxia District of Wuhan City are not far from Ezhou City, and the province is in Wuchang District. Wuhan is the collective name of Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang in history.

4 The earliest Hubei Province

Hubei Road began to appear in the Song Dynasty, and Hubei Road was the origin of Hubei Province. In the third year from the Northern Song Dynasty to Daoism (997), the Northern Song Dynasty divided the whole country into fifteen roads, including Jinghu South Road and Jinghu North Road. The sum of Jinghu South Road and Jinghu North Road is roughly equivalent to Jingzhou in Gong Yu. "History of Song Dynasty Geography" said: "Jinghu South Road and North Road cover the territory of Jingzhou, Gong Yu." The "Jing" of "Jinghu" refers to Jingzhou, and the "lake" of "Jinghu" is also Jingzhou.

Hubei Province began to appear in the Yuan Dynasty. Zhongshu Province is the central administrative organ. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Zhongshu Province has set up an organization called Zhongshu Province. In the 11th year of Zhiyuan (1274), the Yuan Dynasty set Jinghu and other provinces as books, and later changed them to Huguang and other provinces as books.

. The administrative scope of Huguang Province includes Hunan, Guangxi and Hainan provinces, most of Guizhou Province and part of Guangdong Province, with Ezhou as the capital and Wuchang Road (now Wuchang, Wuhan) as the boundary. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jinghu and other places belonged to Zhongshu Province, and Huguang and other places belonged to Zhongshu Province, which was once referred to as Hubei Province.

Lake province appeared in Ming Dynasty. In June of the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), the Ming Dynasty changed Huguang and other provinces into Huguang Propaganda and Deployment Department, also known as Huguang Province or Huguang, with Wuchang Prefecture as its capital. The administrative scope of Huguang Province in Ming Dynasty was equivalent to the sum of Hunan Province and Hubei Province today. In the Ming Dynasty, Huguangxing Province was once called Lake Province or Chu Province.

Modern Hubei Province is called Hubei for short. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Hunan and Hubei were separated, and Hubei Ministry of Foreign Affairs was established, which was also the official establishment of Hubei Province, and the provincial capital was still in Wuchang House. Generally speaking, Hubei province gradually began to be called Hubei in modern times. In the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), in the afternoon of April, Lieutenant General Hubei Province was called Hubei Province for short. This is an earlier document, calling Hubei Province "Hubei Province" for short.

As a place name, Tan has retired from the historical stage, while Hubei has a long history. Hubei Province is called Hubei for short, which is a historical choice as well as a cultural choice.