The origin of thousand-character writing

Liang Wudi ordered people to select 1000 non-repetitive Chinese characters from Wang Xizhi's calligraphy works, and ordered Zhou Xingsi, the assistant minister of foreign riding, to compile them. The full text consists of four sentences, with neat antithesis, clear organization and brilliant literary talent. The following is the source of the thousands of words I collected for you. Welcome to share.

According to legend, Liang Wudi Xiao Yan ordered Zhou Xingsi to write a four-character poem with Wang Xizhi's word 1000. "The Old History of Shangshu" said: "Xing Si weaved a watch overnight, and his temples were all white ... Zen master Sun Zhiyong of the right army came to the world with 800 copies." Not only do you have to use different words, but you also have to form thousands of words from Wang Xizhi's suicide note and rhyme them, which is hard to believe overnight. Perhaps he said this to praise Zhou Xingsi's extraordinary wisdom and outstanding talent.

Zhou Xingsi (? —52 1) Liang Chen Xiangjun (now Shenqiu, Henan Province) was born in the Southern Dynasties and had the idea of seal script.

Qianziwen is an early Mongolian teaching material in China. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, thousands of words have become popular, and reciting thousands of words is regarded as a shortcut to literacy education. It is not a simple accumulation of words, but a clear, fluent and recited poem, which involves knowledge about nature, society, history, education, ethics and so on. Most of the selected thousands of words are commonly used, and there are not many rare words, which are easy to read. Because it is widely circulated, documents are compiled with "Heaven and Earth are mysterious and yellow" instead of numbers. There are also comparative characters in Manchu and Mongolian in brother ethnic areas. Because many great calligraphers have written it, the Thousand-character Book is still a model for learning all kinds of calligraphy.

Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there have been dozens of expansions of Qianziwen, such as Continued Qianziwen, Generalized Qianziwen, Xugu Qian Wen and Zhengzi Qianziwen, but none of them can compete with Weekly Qianziwen.

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some scholars have called Qian Wen Zi a "wonderful work" with limited words, which makes sense.

The full text of Qian Wen Zi:

The heavens and the earth are yellow, the universe is vast, the sun and the moon are full, and the night is long.

Leaping into adulthood, the rhythm of the wind and the tone of the sun, Yun Teng, made the rain and dew frost, gave birth to Lishui, and jade left Kungang.

Suzaku in Hao Jian is called luminous fruit treasure, Cai is called heavy mustard, and Xianhe is called light scale and latent feather fragrance.

The dragon master, the fire emperor, the bird officer and the emperor began to create characters, which made the country have Yu Tangtao.

The crime of hanging people and beheading people, Tang, sat in court and asked, "I love to educate Li Furong."

Wang Mingfeng, a distinguished guest from far and near, is surrounded by mountains and waters, with 10,000 square meters of bamboo forests and white horse vegetable fields.

Cover this institution and send four permanent members. How dare you hurt a woman, Mu Jiezhen? It's benign.

If you know what you have learned, you must change it. Don't forget to talk about your shortcomings. If you rely on your own strength, the messenger can cover it.

Moby dyed the poem to praise the scenery of the lamb, and Wei Xianke read it as sacred and built a name.

Empty valley spreads sound, virtual classroom learns to listen to disasters, and evil accumulates happiness. Shanqing's ruler is not a treasure, but it is a competition.

The father is strict with the monarch and filial to the people. When you try your best to be loyal, you will try your best.

Like Lansing, like a pine tree, the flow is endless, and Rong Zhi's thoughtful words are stable

At the beginning, honesty, beauty and prudence should eventually make Ye Rong's basic qualifications poor and should promote him to the position of official career.

Being a Gan Tang benefits from singing. Don't be condescending Let's sing together.

Foreign Minister Fu Xun entered the mother instrument, and all the sons and uncles, uncles, uncles, children and brothers were connected.

Make friends, cut corners, sharpen rules, be kind, cover up mistakes, be generous, be honest, repel bandits and lose money.

Quiet, emotional, carefree, tired, loyal, full of ambition, from one thing to another, adhere to elegance and good manners.

On the back of the second Beijing in East and West China, Luo was stunned by the Beijing Palace.

Draw a picture of a beast, a picture of a fairy, open a tent next to a house and give a banquet to the boss, blowing sheng.

Go up one level and become a suspect, right-handed, wide-handed and left-handed.

DuLi's lacquered wall was sealed by Lu Xiang, the road warrior, to more than a thousand soldiers in eight counties.

The high crown is accompanied by a webbed wheel, which makes the tassel vibrate, makes the scholar rich and wealthy, and drives lightly.

Fan Yin Zuo Shi A Heng Yan Zhai Qufu Who camp Huan Gong Kuang and Ji Fuqing?

Yi Hui said that Wu Ding's elegance is a secret, and Chu Jin is better than Zhao Wei.

How can we abide by the contract and the law? It is best for Korea to punish grazing and use soldiers.

Xuanwei Desert is famous for Baijunqin, the concubine of Danqing Jiuzhou, and Yunting, the Zen master of Yue Zongtai.

Yanmen Zisai Chicken Farm Chicheng Kunchi Jieshi Juye Dongting is vast and remote.

Fundamentally solve agricultural problems. Uncle Zijia drove me to Nanmu, and I paid the millet tax. I encouraged him to enjoy it.

Monk Dun, a fish in history, is straightforward, modest and diligent, and is willing to listen to his voice, examine his truth, distinguish his appearance and color.

I am glad that I can encourage you to save my life, and I am afraid that I will increase my resistance to extreme humiliation and humiliation. Lin Hao is lucky.

Who forced me to live in my leisure place? Silent and lonely, seeking the past and seeking reason, worrying about freedom.

I am glad to send Huan to attract the lotus flowers in the garden. I am afraid that the loquat will wither in the evening.

Chen Gen Municipal Committee fluttered around Kunming with fallen leaves, transported them alone, and spent a lot of time studying and playing in Kunming.

Evian belongs to the ear wall, and the food is delicious and sufficient.

Relatives, young and old, different food concubines, royal achievements, spinning towels, curtains, rooms, round fans, clean silver candles, Huang Hui.

Sleeping during the day and sleeping at night, blue bamboo shoots are like bed strings, songs, banquets, cups, hands, feet, feet and health.

Later generations continue to sacrifice, taste the records, and then worship. Briefly describes the fear and fear.

I want to bathe in the mud, I want to cool the donkeys, mules and calves, jump over and kill the thief, catch the thief and die.

Shooting pills, playing the piano, raising a pen, writing paper, letting go and fighting for profits, wonderful.

Shi Mao Shuzi laughs and laughs. Every time she urges the sunrise, she lingers and shines.

The salary just around the corner led the belt of the pitching gallery to wander around and watch.

Ignorance, ignorance, etc Can't help others.

Overview of thousands of words

An article, a night of kung fu, a lifetime of wisdom; A thousand words, eternal writing, a thousand-year story.

Qian Wen Zi is the best enlightenment classic in the history of China. It only uses 1,000 Chinese characters to outline a complete outline of China's cultural history, which represents the highest level of traditional enlightenment education. Money has beautiful language, gorgeous words, almost every sentence is quoted, and every word is used in allusion.

Qian was born in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It first spread in the palace and then flowed into the people. Since the Sui Dynasty, it has been circulated as a general teaching material in rural schools, with a history of 1500 years.

There are more than 65,438,000 monographs on Mongolian studies in history. The earlier ones are Cang Po Pian, Fan Jiang Pian and Ji Jiu Pian in Qin and Han Dynasties, and the later ones are Di Zi Gui and Studying in Lin Qiong in Qing Dynasty. But they are the most widely circulated, and about 3000 species are still in use today. In the late Qing Dynasty, there was a novel "Travel Notes of Lao Can", which said: Once Lao Can wandered into a bookstore and asked his buddy what books were the best sellers. The man replied, "300 Qian Qian". The old man asked, "What does 300 Qian Qian mean?"? The man explained, "It's Saint Amethyst, with hundreds of surnames, thousands of words and hundreds of poems." These four books are a very good set of teaching materials, integrating literacy, imparting knowledge, character education and literary literacy training.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the thousand-character script has become a teaching material of Mongolian studies. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, hundreds of surnames appeared and soon became an important reading material of Mongolian studies. By the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, after the appearance of Three Amethyst, a teaching material system based on "Three Thousand" was formed. Until the end of the Republic of China, "three thousand" has been the basic teaching material in private school education.

Three thousand enlightenment, is it too simple in content and insufficient in knowledge?

On the surface, it looks like this, but if it is unfolded, it is not a simple matter to talk about "3000". These three books add up to no more than 3000 words, but they are unpretentious and condense the profound cultural traditions of China; It briefly conveys important cultural information. I don't know if I don't see it. It's really profound. Chinese majors may not be able to understand it, because it is a highly concentrated cultural history of China, which mixes the knowledge of various categories in the "subset of classics and history" of Chinese studies with concise words. Language masters and literary masters in the history of China, such as Lu Xun, Ba Jin, On Contradiction, Shen Congwen and Lin Yutang, all studied in private schools, and most of those who studied in private schools started their study career with the help of 3,000 books.

Money rhymes beautifully and is catchy. It is not only a four-character poem, but also a pocket encyclopedia of knowledge. Wang Shizhen, a master of ancient Chinese prose in Ming Dynasty, called it "strange articles". In the Qing Dynasty, the Chu people were praised for their "limited words, self-organization without mistakes, such as dancing with an inch of wood and drawing a long line in chaos".

Qian Wen Zi is a rhyme book composed of 1000 non-repetitive Chinese characters, and it is a word book integrating literacy and calligraphy. Now it's really not easy for us to sit down and write a non-repetitive Chinese character. But it's a piece of cake for people who recite 1000 words. "Thousand-character text" begins with two sentences, "Heaven and earth are mysterious, and the universe is vast." All of a sudden, people's realm has been upgraded, and the world universe has been looked at, and the ancient and modern future has been examined. A person's mind and vision are broadened, and the direction of life will be different.

This article can be said to be the crystallization of Zhou Xingsi's wisdom all his life. Between the lines of "Thousand-character Literature" shines the light of oriental wisdom, and behind it is the temperament and character of scholars. 1000 words talk about how many things-filial piety, reform, writing, making friends, yearning for talents, thinking about virtue, temperament and so on. , are moral principles of self-cultivation, so his articles are so powerful and lasting that they have been circulated for 1500 years.

Enlightenment education is very important. As the saying goes, "Enlightening by virtue is also virtue." Every child is descended from a saint. The key is how to wake him up and let the good seeds sprout, take root, blossom and bear fruit. A child is like a blank sheet of paper, no matter what color it is dyed. Enlightenment education is like the initialization of a computer. It is important to input what software system. Although there are not many words in the book, it covers astronomy, geography, nature, history, anecdotes, laws and regulations, ethics and so on. It can be said to be a pocket encyclopedia and an enlightenment classic.

The article Qian Wen Zi is a rhyme composed of 1000 non-repetitive Chinese characters. Some people find that the word Jay is used twice, which is similar. In fact, the two rhymes are different and have different meanings. In fact, it is still a non-repetitive word.

There are more than 80 thousand Chinese characters today. Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which records the history and culture of Shang Dynasty and before Shang Dynasty, has been sorted out by archaeologists and linguists for many years and found that * * * has more than 4,000 words. Among them, there are more than 2,500 recognizable characters, most of which are divination-specific characters, and only 1000 is used in daily life. Shang Dynasty has a history of more than 600 years, and the commonly used words are only 1000. Of course, there were few words at that time, but on the other hand, it would be great to master 1000 Chinese characters. Even if we sit down and write a non-repetitive Chinese character now, it's not easy.

China people have separated language from classical Chinese since ancient times, and the so-called "classical Chinese" is the language specially used for writing articles. Because language is limited by time and space, the language used in communication in different regions and different periods is different, and the general rule is that it changes every 30 to 50 years. Articles recorded in classical Chinese can travel through time and space and be passed down forever.

The origin of Qian Bian is to learn calligraphy for his sons and nephews, but he is reluctant to take out the original calligraphy of Wang Xizhi and let Yin copy a thousand words of Wang Xizhi for his children. Therefore, money is closely related to calligraphy copying.

Ancient and modern calligraphers, from Zhiyong, Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing, Huai Su, Mi Fei, Evonne, Zhao Meng and Wen Zhiming to Yu Youren, Zhao Puchu and Qi Gong. , all regard "Thousand Characters" as a classic for learning calligraphy. In the Northern Song Dynasty alone, there were 49 thousand-character scripts collected by the royal family.

Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was honored as a calligrapher, and later generations regarded copying Wang Shu as an important stage of calligraphy learning. Wang Shu's famous posts are Preface to Lanting Collection and Chi Yong's Thousand Characters. Master Zhiyong is the seventh grandson of Wang Xizhi. He devoted himself to the study of calligraphy handed down from his family. Because the Zhou version of the thousand-character script was taken from Wang Xizhi's font, Zhiyong devoted himself to research for decades, wrote more than 800 copies and distributed them to temples in eastern Zhejiang. Because of the true meaning of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, by the time of Emperor Taizong, the thousand-character writings written by Zhiyong were highly respected and became a model for learning Wang Xizhi's calligraphy.

Known as the "world's first word book", Qian combines literacy and calligraphy in one book, which not only teaches encyclopedic knowledge, but also carries out moral education, which is difficult for any poem to do.

Before the invention of printing, the dissemination of articles mainly depended on two ways: oral recitation and copying. A good article must have a beautiful rhyme and be catchy to read before it can be passed on from mouth to mouth. Secondly, it is difficult to copy by hand. The articles worth copying are not only good in content, but also attractive in writing and full of artistic beauty. The eternal popularity of thousand-character works just meets these two conditions.

There are four words and one sentence, two sentences and one rhyme in a thousand-character text. The full text consists of 250 sentences and eight rhymes. A large number of flat rhyme feet with large openings are used, which are loud and long to read, and the agitation and shortness of rhyme feet (including entering tone) are occasionally used, resulting in melodious and sonorous beauty of rhythm and roundabout symphony effect.

The first person who wrote thousands of words in history was Zhiyong. Zen master Zhiyong is a descendant of Wang Xizhi, a famous cultural monk in Sui and Chen Dynasties, and also a famous calligrapher at that time. He practices calligraphy very diligently. It is said that he specially prepared a big basket when he was writing "Thousand Characters". Throw it in the basket when the brush head is bald. After a long time, a dozen baskets were piled up. So I dug a deep pit in the open space of the temple and buried these pens, which were as high as graves. Later, people called them "pen graves". This is the origin of the allusion of "returning a pen to the grave".

After Zhi Yong became famous for writing "Thousand-Character Works", there were so many people asking him to write and write inscriptions that the threshold of Yongxin Temple was trampled on and had to be wrapped in iron, so there was an allusion to "iron threshold".

story

It is said that Liang Wudi likes calligraphy very much, and his calligraphy is quite good, so he wants to train calligraphers in his own home. In order for future generations to learn calligraphy well, Yin asked Wang Xizhi to find a thousand non-repetitive words in his ink, each with a piece of paper and put them together at sixes and sevens. Emperor Wu summoned Zhou Xingsi and said, "Ai Qing, you are very talented. Please weave them together in order and rhyme for me. You usually work very hard, so don't work overtime at night. But tomorrow morning, you have to give me the edited article. "

Zhou Xingsi a listen to dumbfounded, his face white-washed. There were no computers at that time. How difficult it is to write an article with 1000 different words. It is more difficult to rhyme and hand it in the next day. Isn't this fatal? But Zhou Xingsi had to obey the emperor's orders. Zhou Xingsi exhausted his wisdom and spent a whole night compiling it. The next day, Emperor Wu was very happy and rewarded him. But one night, Zhou Xingsi's sideburns all turned white. Maybe this night, he spent his whole life.

A thousand words have aroused great interest of future generations. Because it is easy to understand and rhymes, many people regard reciting thousands of words as a popular way. Just like idolize people now, if they can't memorize it, they will be regarded as outdated by others. Especially those little dolls who have just combed their hair, all will shake their heads and recite a few words: "The heavens and the earth are mysterious and yellow, the universe is vast, the sun and the moon are full of prosperity, the morning light is even in the sky, the cold is coming and the summer is coming, the autumn harvest is winter storage ..."

In this way, after the birth of the thousand-character script, it gradually became an early Mongolian teaching material in China. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, thousands of words have become popular, and reciting thousands of words is regarded as a shortcut to literacy education. It is not a simple accumulation of words, but a clear, fluent and recited poem, which involves knowledge about nature, society, history, education, ethics and so on.

Money is widely spread because of its different characters, and is favored by calligraphers of all ages. Among them, the Zen master Zhiyong at that time can be said to be the most loyal "fan" of money. Why do you say that? Zhiyong, surnamed Wang, is the seventh generation grandson of the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi. Becoming a monk in his early years to avoid disaster. Maybe it's because genes are at work. Zhiyong also likes calligraphy very much, especially the calligraphy of his ancestor Wang Xizhi, which is of great significance for inheriting the excellent calligraphy tradition of the older generation. Master Zhiyong carefully studied Wang Xizhi's calligraphy and collected ten urns with a waste bald pen, each weighing several hundred kilograms. Zen master Zhiyong buried ten urn pens and named them "Tuibi Tomb". He wrote an inscription for it himself. This is how the story of "returning a pen to the grave" came about. Not to mention that. Later, it may be that all the urns were full, and the used pen tips had to be thrown into the bamboo basket (a container similar to a bamboo basket). Each of these bamboo poles can hold a stone of rice, and one * * * can hold five bare pens.

Master Zhiyong practiced calligraphy at Yongxin Temple in Xing Wu, and countless people came to him for calligraphy or asked him to write plaques all day. In the small nest where he lives, the threshold has been trampled. At first glance, Zhiyong couldn't help it. The wooden threshold can't resist the enthusiasm of the fans, so people can only wrap it in iron, which is called the "iron threshold". Fan Chengda, a poet, said in his poem that "if there is an iron gate for a thousand years, there must be a tile steamed bread", which is from this allusion. Later, Cao Xueqin learned vividly, hiding his meaning in Tiejian Temple and Shantou Temple, which became two classic place names in A Dream of Red Mansions.

After ten years of word practice, * * * wrote 800 Yu Ben's "True Grass Thousand Characters" and distributed it to the monasteries in eastern Zhejiang. It was widely circulated for a time and became a model for temple mages and folk students to learn, a rare model for future generations to learn Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, and made an indelible contribution to the development of calligraphy art of our ancestors. According to "Xuanhe Calligraphy", there are 23 original works of Zhi Yong in the Northern Song Dynasty, of which thousands of words account for 15. In the Qing Dynasty, He commented on Zhiyong's Thousand-Character Works: "The pen comes from the air and lives in the air. Although there are leaks in the house, it is not enough to say. " When we read his ink painting "Thousand Characters" carefully, we can see that he hides his head and protects his tail, and his brushwork is tortuous, subtle and rhythmic. His statement in Ji Shao is accurate and appropriate.

In the stone chambers of Dunhuang, there are also thousands of words of ink, among which the excavation of thousands of words of Jiang in Tang Dynasty shows that the influence of thousands of words of wisdom and courage was quite common at that time.

Li, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, also wrote A Thousand-Character Text, which was handed down from generation to generation. Li is Li Bai's uncle. He is famous for studying seal script, which is exquisite, mellow, pure and thin, which is a great change in Qin Zhuan. He is known as the first seal script writer after Li Si, which has a great influence on later generations.

There are also some famous "fans" who also show persistent enthusiasm for "thousand-character writing". For example, Zhao Mengfu, a famous painter and calligrapher in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, claimed to have written hundreds of thousands of words in the past 20 years, and Lin Zhiyong's thousand words were "500 pages". He also wrote six-body thousand words for the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.

Qian Wen Zi has been circulated for 65,438+0,500 years, which shows that it is a widely circulated children's book, a part of traditional culture in China, and a connecting link among ancient children's books in China. Its beautiful writing and gorgeous rhetoric make many children's books incomparable.