Daze Township Uprising in the Late Qin Dynasty

Daze Township Uprising in the Late Qin Dynasty

Daze Township Uprising, also known as "Chen Guang Uprising", was a part of the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty. This uprising dealt a heavy blow to the Qin Dynasty and opened the prelude to the peasant uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty. This is the first large-scale civilian uprising in the history of China.

In the autumn of the first year of Qin Ershi (the first 209 years), the Qin court recruited Zuopin to defend Yuyang, and recruited more than 900 people including Chen Sheng to defend Yuyang. On the way, I was stopped by heavy rain in osawa Township (now Suzhou) of Qixian County, so I couldn't reach my destination as scheduled. In desperation, Chen Sheng and Guangwu led the defenders to kill the officers who escorted them and launched the army. The insurgents elected Chen Sheng as general and Guangwu as captain. Lianke osawa Township and Qixian County established the Zhang Chu regime in Chenxian County (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), and all localities responded in succession.

In order to resist the Huns, Qin Shihuang sent people to build the Great Wall, sent 300,000 troops and collected hundreds of thousands of civilian workers. In order to develop the south, 300,000 soldiers and civilians were mobilized. He also used 700,000 prisoners to start building a huge and luxurious Epang Palace. When he ascended the throne for the second time, he recruited hundreds of thousands of prisoners and civilian workers from all over the country and built the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor on a large scale. This tomb is very large and deep, melting a lot of copper and pouring it on the foundation, which is covered with stone chambers, tombs and tombs.

II also asked craftsmen to dig rivers, lakes and oceans in the tombs and fill them with mercury. And then buried Qin Shihuang there. After burial, in order to prevent future grave robbers, craftsmen were also required to install killing equipment in the tomb. Finally, all the craftsmen who built the tomb were brutally buried in the tomb, and no one was allowed to come out. Before the completion of the tomb, II and Zhao Gao continued to build Epang Palace. At that time, the population of China was only 20 million, and there were almost two or three million people, including children and women, just building the Great Wall, defending Lingnan, repairing Epang Palace and building tombs. I don't know how much manpower and financial resources have been spent, which has driven the people to complain.

Uprising process

In 209 BC, Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan Province) sent two officers and 900 civilian workers to defend Yuyang (now southwest of Miyun, Beijing). The officer chose two big and capable men from this group as conductor, and put them in charge of others.

One of these two people is Bobby Chen, a native of Yangcheng, who is involved in Chinese characters and works as a long-term laborer. Guangwu is a native of Yang Xia and a poor farmer.

When Bobby Chen was young, he was employed to farm with others. Once when he stopped farming and went to rest on the ridge, he was indignant for a long time and said, "If anyone gets rich in the future, don't forget each other." The partner he hired smiled and replied, "You were hired to plow the fields. How can you be rich?" Chen Sheng sighed and said, "Alas! How can birds like swallows and sparrows understand the lofty aspirations of geese and swans! " In July, it rained heavily and the road was blocked. They estimate that they have postponed the deadline to reach Yuyang. After the prescribed time limit, everyone should be beheaded according to law.

Chen Sheng discussed with Guangwu and said, "Running away now is also death, and the uprising is also death. It is also death. Die for national affairs, okay? " Chen Sheng said: "The world was ruled by the Qin Dynasty for a long time. It is said that Emperor II is the youngest son of the first emperor. He should not inherit the throne, but should be inherited by his son Fu Su. Fu Su repeatedly advised the first emperor to send him to lead the troops stationed in other places. Now some people hear that he didn't commit any crime, but was killed by Emperor II. People have heard that he is virtuous, but they don't know that he is dead. Xiang Yan is a general of the State of Chu. He made many contributions and cared about soldiers. Chu people like him very much.

Some people think that he is dead, while others think that he has escaped and gone into hiding. Now, if we appeal to the people all over the world for an uprising in the names of Fu Su and Xiang Yan, there should be many people responding. "Guangwu think this is right. So he, he went to divination. The fortune teller knew their intention and said, "You can do anything and make a contribution. However, have you ever asked ghosts and gods for good or ill luck? "

launch a revolt

Chen Sheng and Guangwu were very happy, trying to understand what the fortune teller meant by asking ghosts for good or bad luck, saying, "This is to teach us to establish prestige among people first." So he wrote the word "Chen" on a piece of white silk with vermilion and stuffed it into the stomach of a fish caught by others with a net. When the garrison soldier bought fish to cook, he found silk books in the belly of the fish, which naturally surprised him.

Chen Sheng secretly sent Guangwu to an ancient temple near the station, lit a bonfire at night, imitated the fox's voice and shouted, "Chu Xing, Chen Wangsheng." The guards were frightened when they heard the chirping in the middle of the night. The next morning, everyone talked about it and looked at Bobby Chen pointing. Guangwu always cares about others, and many people are willing to help him. The county commandant of the escort team was drunk, and Guangwu deliberately threatened to escape many times, which angered the county commandant and prompted him to insult himself in public, thus angering everyone. The county commandant did whip Guangwu, and the county commandant pulled out his sword. Guangwu got up and grabbed the sword and killed the county commandant.

Chen Sheng helped him and killed two county magistrates together. Immediately, he called on his subordinates to say, "Everyone was caught in a heavy rain here, and everyone missed the deadline. If they miss the deadline, they will be beheaded according to the regulations. Even if you don't get beheaded, people who die in the future will definitely get six or seven strokes. Besides, a gentleman never dies, but he dies. Are all princes and princes ancestral? " The subordinates said in unison, "We would like to be sent." So they launched an uprising in the name of Fu Su, a fake childe, and Xiang Yan, a general of Chu, in order to conform to the people's hearts. Everyone is symbolized by his right arm, which is called Da Chu. They also built a high platform to take the oath and used the head of the captain as a sacrifice.

Chen Sheng became a general and Guangwu was a captain. First attack osawa Township, then attack Qixian County. After conquering Qixian, the messenger Ying Ge led troops to capture the eastern part of Qixian. Successively captured Luo, Dan, Kuzhe, Joe and other places, all of which were conquered. As they marched, they constantly replenished their troops and expanded their ranks. When we arrived in Chen county, we had six or seven hundred chariots, more than a thousand cavalry and tens of thousands of infantry. When attacking Chen county, the county magistrate and the county magistrate were absent, only the left-behind county magistrate Cheng Lingbing fought the insurgents under the city gate.

As a result, Cao Jun was defeated and died, so the insurgents entered the city and occupied Chen County. A few days later, Chen Sheng ordered the person in charge of education and local heroes to attend the meeting. Everyone at the meeting said, "General, you are wearing armor and holding a sharp weapon. You crusaded against the heartless bad king, wiped out the tyrannical Qin Dynasty, and re-established the regime of Chu State. As far as credit is concerned, you should be the king. " So Chen She became king, with the title of Zhang Chu.

Sweep across the country

At this time, people who couldn't stand the tyranny of Qin officials were arrested and convicted, and they were killed in response to Chen She. So he took Guangwu as the king and led the generals to the west to levy Xingyang. Chen Jun was ordered to capture the place under Zhao's jurisdiction, and Deng Zong, a native of Ruyin County, was ordered to capture Jiujiang County. At that time, there were thousands of people gathered in Chu to rebel, countless. Less than three months after the uprising, people in Zhao, Qi, Yan, Wei and other places stood on their own feet as kings under the banner of restoring the six countries.

Chen Sheng sent a rebel army led by Zhou Wen to attack the west, and soon reached Guanzhong (referring to the area west of Hanguguan), approaching Xianyang, Qin Dou. Qin Ershi panicked, and quickly sent general Zhang Han to release the prisoners and slaves who worked hard in Lishan Mountain, and formed an army to fight back against the insurgents.

The original nobles of the six countries occupied their own territories, and no one supported the rebels. Zhou Wen rebels fought alone and finally failed. Guangwu was killed by his men in Xingyang. Six months after the uprising, Chen Shengzai was killed by his driver on his way to escape. Finally, Zhuang Jia took Chen Sheng's head and went to Qin Jun to offer a reward.

The influence of later generations

Daze Township Uprising is the first large-scale peasant uprising in the history of China. The revolutionary initiative of Bobby Chen and Guangwu inspired millions of working people to rise up against cruel rule. Chen Guang Uprising fundamentally shook the rule of the Qin Dynasty, created favorable conditions for Xiang Yu and Liu Bang to destroy the Qin Dynasty, and played an important role in the history of China peasant war, which was also an excellent education for the feudal rulers behind. The policy of recuperation and enlightened rule in the early Han Dynasty was greatly influenced by the peasant uprising.